浅埋煤层关键层破断运动对覆岩移动的影响分析
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摘要
神东矿区是我国最大的现代化能源基地,煤层埋藏浅、倾角小、上覆厚松散层是该矿区的典型赋存特征,工作面采动容易导致地表潜水流失,破坏地表生态环境。分析浅埋煤层对覆岩移动、顶板导水裂隙演化与突水等采动损害问题的影响规律,具有重要的学术价值和社会意义。
论文在岩层控制的关键层理论的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟实验、物理模拟实验等方法,就神东矿区浅埋煤层覆岩移动规律进行了深入研究。本文首先分析了浅埋煤层覆岩关键层结构分类以及各类关键层结构的破断失稳特征及其力学机理,其次介绍了浅埋煤层分类。以大柳塔1203工作面为例分析了典型浅埋煤层的覆岩运动规律:顶板基岩沿全厚切落,基岩破断角度大,破断直接波及地表,来压强度大、速度快且来压期间有明显的顶板台阶下沉和动载现象,并且工作面上方一般只存在冒落带和裂隙带,甚至是“三带合一”现象;通过对补连塔煤矿31401工作面的数值模拟实验,深入分析了关键层运动对导水裂隙演化的影响,得出近浅埋煤层关键层破断块体运动会出现破断、回转、反向回转直至稳定的过程,主关键层上覆岩体裂隙同样经历了“产生—发育—原裂隙闭合—新裂隙产生”的过程;通过榆树湾20102工作面的物理相似模拟实验观测,揭示了榆树湾近浅埋煤层保水开采的覆岩运动基本规律:近浅埋煤层岩层内由于存在两层老顶关键层,工作面推进过程中上方基岩并不是沿全厚切落,而是呈现出一般开采下的“三带”形式,但老顶关键层的周期性破坏与典型浅埋煤层有相似之处,即老顶主关键层周期性破坏呈现出“砌体梁”结构,老顶关键层破断岩块的块度接近于1,形成了“短砌体梁”结构;通过对榆树湾现地表下沉情况和工作面淋水情况的场实测,对比分析模拟实验与现场实测数据,二者数据与结论基本一致,从而验证了模拟实验结论的可靠性。这些将对今后浅埋煤层开采理论研究和工程实际都有重大意义。
Shendong Mining Area is the largest modern energy source base in our country. Thereare some representative characters of this base, they are shallow coal bed embedding, smalltilt angle and thick loose bed covered on it. Besides, caving mining face will easily cause theloss of phreatic water which will break up the ecological environment of the terrain. Therewill be great academic interest and social significance of the analysis which focuses on theinfluence of shallow seam to some problems of caving damages such as movement ofoverburden bed, the evolvement of roof water-flowing fracture, water-inrush and so on.
This paper which bases on the key strata of ground control and uses methods oftheoretical analysis, numerical simulation and physical experiments, make a deep research onthe shallow seam in Shendong Mining Area. It firstly analyses the classifications of key strataand the character of fracture and instability and dynam mechanism of the constructure of keystrata, then it introduces varieties of shallow seam. The Daliuta 1203 face is used to researchthe typical shallow seam overburden moving regulation: Full-thickness cut along theoverburdenk down, rock breaking angle, directly affect the surface rupture to compressivestrength, speed and to pressure significantly during the subsidence of the roof level anddynamic load phenomenon, and face the top general there is only caving zone and fracturezone, or even "Three One" phenomenon; through 31401 face Bulianta Numerical simulationof coal experiment, in-depth analysis of key movement on the water level of the crackevolution, concluded that in recent critical layer in shallow seam body breaking blockbreaking games there, turn, reverse rotation until the stable process, the main key is overlainby the same rock mass on experienced a "generation - development - the original fractureclosure - a new cracks have a" process; by elm Bay 20102 face similar simulation of physicalobservation, revealed the elm Bay near the water in shallow seam mining overburden the basic law of motion: the past light buried within the rock seam roof because of two key strata,the working face advancing along the top of the bedrock is not a full-thickness cut off, butshowing a normal exploitation under the "three zones" form, but the old top layer of the cyclekey destruction are similar to a typical shallow coal seam, that roof destruction of the mainkey stratum showed cyclical "masonry beam" structure, the key layer of roof rock breakingclose to 1 degree block, forming a "short masonry beam "structure[13]; by yushuwansubsidence situation and face current situation in the field Drenching measured, comparedsimulations with the measured data, both data and the results agree, to verify the conclusionsof the simulation experiments reliability. . These will have a momentous significance to theresearch and project of shallow seam mining.
论文在岩层控制的关键层理论的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟实验、物理模拟实验等方法,就神东矿区浅埋煤层覆岩移动规律进行了深入研究。本文首先分析了浅埋煤层覆岩关键层结构分类以及各类关键层结构的破断失稳特征及其力学机理,其次介绍了浅埋煤层分类。以大柳塔1203工作面为例分析了典型浅埋煤层的覆岩运动规律:顶板基岩沿全厚切落,基岩破断角度大,破断直接波及地表,来压强度大、速度快且来压期间有明显的顶板台阶下沉和动载现象,并且工作面上方一般只存在冒落带和裂隙带,甚至是“三带合一”现象;通过对补连塔煤矿31401工作面的数值模拟实验,深入分析了关键层运动对导水裂隙演化的影响,得出近浅埋煤层关键层破断块体运动会出现破断、回转、反向回转直至稳定的过程,主关键层上覆岩体裂隙同样经历了“产生—发育—原裂隙闭合—新裂隙产生”的过程;通过榆树湾20102工作面的物理相似模拟实验观测,揭示了榆树湾近浅埋煤层保水开采的覆岩运动基本规律:近浅埋煤层岩层内由于存在两层老顶关键层,工作面推进过程中上方基岩并不是沿全厚切落,而是呈现出一般开采下的“三带”形式,但老顶关键层的周期性破坏与典型浅埋煤层有相似之处,即老顶主关键层周期性破坏呈现出“砌体梁”结构,老顶关键层破断岩块的块度接近于1,形成了“短砌体梁”结构;通过对榆树湾现地表下沉情况和工作面淋水情况的场实测,对比分析模拟实验与现场实测数据,二者数据与结论基本一致,从而验证了模拟实验结论的可靠性。这些将对今后浅埋煤层开采理论研究和工程实际都有重大意义。
Shendong Mining Area is the largest modern energy source base in our country. Thereare some representative characters of this base, they are shallow coal bed embedding, smalltilt angle and thick loose bed covered on it. Besides, caving mining face will easily cause theloss of phreatic water which will break up the ecological environment of the terrain. Therewill be great academic interest and social significance of the analysis which focuses on theinfluence of shallow seam to some problems of caving damages such as movement ofoverburden bed, the evolvement of roof water-flowing fracture, water-inrush and so on.
This paper which bases on the key strata of ground control and uses methods oftheoretical analysis, numerical simulation and physical experiments, make a deep research onthe shallow seam in Shendong Mining Area. It firstly analyses the classifications of key strataand the character of fracture and instability and dynam mechanism of the constructure of keystrata, then it introduces varieties of shallow seam. The Daliuta 1203 face is used to researchthe typical shallow seam overburden moving regulation: Full-thickness cut along theoverburdenk down, rock breaking angle, directly affect the surface rupture to compressivestrength, speed and to pressure significantly during the subsidence of the roof level anddynamic load phenomenon, and face the top general there is only caving zone and fracturezone, or even "Three One" phenomenon; through 31401 face Bulianta Numerical simulationof coal experiment, in-depth analysis of key movement on the water level of the crackevolution, concluded that in recent critical layer in shallow seam body breaking blockbreaking games there, turn, reverse rotation until the stable process, the main key is overlainby the same rock mass on experienced a "generation - development - the original fractureclosure - a new cracks have a" process; by elm Bay 20102 face similar simulation of physicalobservation, revealed the elm Bay near the water in shallow seam mining overburden the basic law of motion: the past light buried within the rock seam roof because of two key strata,the working face advancing along the top of the bedrock is not a full-thickness cut off, butshowing a normal exploitation under the "three zones" form, but the old top layer of the cyclekey destruction are similar to a typical shallow coal seam, that roof destruction of the mainkey stratum showed cyclical "masonry beam" structure, the key layer of roof rock breakingclose to 1 degree block, forming a "short masonry beam "structure[13]; by yushuwansubsidence situation and face current situation in the field Drenching measured, comparedsimulations with the measured data, both data and the results agree, to verify the conclusionsof the simulation experiments reliability. . These will have a momentous significance to theresearch and project of shallow seam mining.
引文
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[2] Qian Minggao,Zhao Guojing.The behavior of the main roof fracture in longwall miningand itseffect on roof pressure.In:Rock Mechanics (Proceedings of the 28thU.S.Symposium),1987,1123-1128.
[3]钱鸣高，朱德仁，王作棠.老顶岩层断裂型式及对工作面来压的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报，1986(2)：9-17.
[4]钱鸣高，赵国景.老顶断裂前后的矿山压力变化[J].中国矿业大学学报，1986（6）：11-19.
[5]钱鸣高，缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报，1995(6)：97-106.
[6]钱鸣高，缪协兴，许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报，1996，21(3):225-230.
[7]许家林.岩层移动与控制的关键层理论及其应用[D].徐州：中国矿业大学，1999.
[8]钱鸣高,缪协兴，许家林等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州：中国煤炭出版社，2003.
[9]侯志鹰,王家臣.大同矿区“三硬”条件地表沉陷数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(3):235-238.
[10]许家林，钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报，2000 29(5):463-467.
[11]缪协兴，钱鸣高.采场围岩整体结构与砌体梁力学模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理，1995（4）：2-8.
[12]钱鸣高，李鸿昌.采场上覆岩层活动规律及其对矿山压力的影响[J].煤炭学报，1982（2）1-8.
[13]茅献彪，缪协兴，钱鸣高.采高及复合关键层效应对采场来压步距的影响[J].湘潭矿业学院学报，1999，14(1):1-5.
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