五虎山煤矿瓦斯综合治理技术研究
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摘要
瓦斯灾害作为矿井五大自然灾害之首,一直制约着煤矿生产效率的提高,严重威胁日常生产和井下工人的生命安全。针对五虎山煤矿因开采深度增加造成的矿井瓦斯涌出量升高的情况,本文分别从风排瓦斯和瓦斯抽采两个方面进行研究,尝试寻找一条适合解决该矿瓦斯灾害的综合措施,最终既能解决巷道和工作面瓦斯超限问题,又能提高瓦斯抽采效率。
通过对工作面W型通风系统进行调研分析,在矿井通风阻力测定的基础上,借助MVS2002通风网络解算软件对五虎山矿现阶段全矿井通风网路进行了网络解算,获得工作面风量预测理论依据。通过网络解算与矿井通风阻力分布合理性进行分析,找出了该矿通风系统存在的问题：1、进风段通风阻力所占比例偏大,阻力分布不合理；2、工作面等生产用风所占比例不足50%,矿井内部存在漏风；3、矿井外部漏风严重,外部漏风率偏高；4、两台主扇的效率都很低,据估算均不足60%或更低。这些问题是通风系统优化的重点。针对以上问题提出了解决对策：1、适当扩大皮带上山的断面面积；2、通过矿井通风系统优化增加工作面风量,在风量富裕的采区增设调节,提高通风效率；3、增加地面主要通风机的风硐、反风道及附近的风门的气密性,以减少漏风；4、调整风机角度,既满足井下风量需求,又提高主扇的运行效率。
通过测定煤层瓦斯压力、透气性系数、瓦斯含量、煤样的成分和钻孔瓦斯流量及其衰减系数等基础参数,估算出该矿井的瓦斯储量,并使用分源法预测瓦斯涌出量,进而研究矿井瓦斯抽放在经济技术上的可行性。根据该矿的瓦斯涌出情况,提出了本煤层和采空区同时抽放的瓦斯抽放方法,并且针对不同区域设计不同的抽放方案,最后对抽放的经济性进行了估算。
本文采用风排与抽放瓦斯相结合的方法,对五虎山矿井瓦斯进行了综合治理,不仅改善了矿井的安全生产环境,提高了生产效率。同时,利用抽采技术还可以有效减少温室效应,对瓦斯进行综合利用,可创造显著的社会、经济和环境效益。
Gas disaster, as the most important one of five natural disasters, has been restricting the efficiency of coal mine production all alone, and seriously threatens the daily production and the safety of underground workers. In view of the increase of gas discharge volume caused by the increase of mining depth in Wuhu Mountain Coal Mine, this paper does a research in the following two aspects—gas discharge with wind and gas drainage under suction, in order to find out an effective comprehensive measure to deal with gas disasters in this coal mine. At last, it should resolve the problem of gas over limit in roadways and faces, and improve the efficiency of gas discharge.
On the basis of the investigation of W-type ventilation system in working faces and the measure of air resistance in this coal mine, this paper also does a research on the ventilation network in Wuhu Mountain Coal Mine through the MVS2002 ventilation network solution software, and gets the theoretical basis for forecasting air quantity in working faces. And through the analysis of the network calculation and the reasonable distribution of ventilation resistance, it identifies the problems in this ventilation system:1, the proportion of ventilation resistance in the air intake section is high, and relative resistance distribution is unreasonable; 2, the proportion of air in working faces is less than 50%, and there is the phenomenon of air leakage in the inner of mines; 3, the air leakage out of mines is serious, and the relative air leakage rate is high; 4, the efficiency of the two fans are very low, maybe less than 60% or less. These issues are the key points of the ventilation system optimization. Here are the solutions to the problems mentioned above:1, expand the cross-sectional area of the mountain belt to a certain degree; 2, increase the air quantity in working faces through ventilation system optimization, add regulation devices in the mining areas with sufficient air, and improve the ventilation rate; 3, increase ventilators'wind tunnel, reversing airway, and nearby throttle's gas tightness to reduce air leakage; 4, adjust ventilator's angle to meet the needs of underground air quantity and improve the operating efficiency of the main fans.
By measuring the coal seam gas pressure, permeability coefficient, gas content, coal composition and gas volume, attenuation coefficient and other parameters, gas reserves of the coal mine is evaluated, gas emission volume is predicted with separate resource method, and technical and economic feasibility of gas extraction is discussed. On the basis of the actual situation of gas discharge in this coal mine, method of gas drainage in both seam and gob is put forward. And at last, different projects of gas drainage directing at different area are designed and the economy of gas drainage is estimated.
The paper combines the method of gas discharge with wind and gas drainage technique, and does a comprehensive treatment on the gas in Wuhu Mountain Coal Mine. It improves not only the safe productive situation, but also the safe productive efficiency in this coal mine. Meanwhile, the gas drainage technique could reduce the green house effect, make full use of gas effectively, and create obvious social, economic and environmental benefit.
通过对工作面W型通风系统进行调研分析,在矿井通风阻力测定的基础上,借助MVS2002通风网络解算软件对五虎山矿现阶段全矿井通风网路进行了网络解算,获得工作面风量预测理论依据。通过网络解算与矿井通风阻力分布合理性进行分析,找出了该矿通风系统存在的问题：1、进风段通风阻力所占比例偏大,阻力分布不合理；2、工作面等生产用风所占比例不足50%,矿井内部存在漏风；3、矿井外部漏风严重,外部漏风率偏高；4、两台主扇的效率都很低,据估算均不足60%或更低。这些问题是通风系统优化的重点。针对以上问题提出了解决对策：1、适当扩大皮带上山的断面面积；2、通过矿井通风系统优化增加工作面风量,在风量富裕的采区增设调节,提高通风效率；3、增加地面主要通风机的风硐、反风道及附近的风门的气密性,以减少漏风；4、调整风机角度,既满足井下风量需求,又提高主扇的运行效率。
通过测定煤层瓦斯压力、透气性系数、瓦斯含量、煤样的成分和钻孔瓦斯流量及其衰减系数等基础参数,估算出该矿井的瓦斯储量,并使用分源法预测瓦斯涌出量,进而研究矿井瓦斯抽放在经济技术上的可行性。根据该矿的瓦斯涌出情况,提出了本煤层和采空区同时抽放的瓦斯抽放方法,并且针对不同区域设计不同的抽放方案,最后对抽放的经济性进行了估算。
本文采用风排与抽放瓦斯相结合的方法,对五虎山矿井瓦斯进行了综合治理,不仅改善了矿井的安全生产环境,提高了生产效率。同时,利用抽采技术还可以有效减少温室效应,对瓦斯进行综合利用,可创造显著的社会、经济和环境效益。
Gas disaster, as the most important one of five natural disasters, has been restricting the efficiency of coal mine production all alone, and seriously threatens the daily production and the safety of underground workers. In view of the increase of gas discharge volume caused by the increase of mining depth in Wuhu Mountain Coal Mine, this paper does a research in the following two aspects—gas discharge with wind and gas drainage under suction, in order to find out an effective comprehensive measure to deal with gas disasters in this coal mine. At last, it should resolve the problem of gas over limit in roadways and faces, and improve the efficiency of gas discharge.
On the basis of the investigation of W-type ventilation system in working faces and the measure of air resistance in this coal mine, this paper also does a research on the ventilation network in Wuhu Mountain Coal Mine through the MVS2002 ventilation network solution software, and gets the theoretical basis for forecasting air quantity in working faces. And through the analysis of the network calculation and the reasonable distribution of ventilation resistance, it identifies the problems in this ventilation system:1, the proportion of ventilation resistance in the air intake section is high, and relative resistance distribution is unreasonable; 2, the proportion of air in working faces is less than 50%, and there is the phenomenon of air leakage in the inner of mines; 3, the air leakage out of mines is serious, and the relative air leakage rate is high; 4, the efficiency of the two fans are very low, maybe less than 60% or less. These issues are the key points of the ventilation system optimization. Here are the solutions to the problems mentioned above:1, expand the cross-sectional area of the mountain belt to a certain degree; 2, increase the air quantity in working faces through ventilation system optimization, add regulation devices in the mining areas with sufficient air, and improve the ventilation rate; 3, increase ventilators'wind tunnel, reversing airway, and nearby throttle's gas tightness to reduce air leakage; 4, adjust ventilator's angle to meet the needs of underground air quantity and improve the operating efficiency of the main fans.
By measuring the coal seam gas pressure, permeability coefficient, gas content, coal composition and gas volume, attenuation coefficient and other parameters, gas reserves of the coal mine is evaluated, gas emission volume is predicted with separate resource method, and technical and economic feasibility of gas extraction is discussed. On the basis of the actual situation of gas discharge in this coal mine, method of gas drainage in both seam and gob is put forward. And at last, different projects of gas drainage directing at different area are designed and the economy of gas drainage is estimated.
The paper combines the method of gas discharge with wind and gas drainage technique, and does a comprehensive treatment on the gas in Wuhu Mountain Coal Mine. It improves not only the safe productive situation, but also the safe productive efficiency in this coal mine. Meanwhile, the gas drainage technique could reduce the green house effect, make full use of gas effectively, and create obvious social, economic and environmental benefit.
引文
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[7]王红刚.采空区漏风流场与瓦斯运移的叠加方法研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2009.
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[10]王洪胜.羽状预抽矿井瓦斯数值模拟研究[J].工矿自动化,2009(10)：33-34.
[11]张文昌,张军.提高本煤层瓦斯抽放效果的途径[J].矿业快报,2008(6)：101.
[12]黄建平.近距离邻近层瓦斯抽放技术探讨[J].陕西煤炭,2008(5)：27.
[13]富向,焉德斌,李江涛,王军.邻近层瓦斯抽放技术优选及适用性分析[J].煤矿安全,2008(04)：32-33.
[14]张澍,万中伟.邻近层采空区瓦斯抽放技术的应用[J].煤炭技术,2006,25(3)
[15]王君.43001采煤工作面上邻近层穿层钻孔瓦斯抽放[J].科技资讯,2007(21)：29.
[16]毕德纯,张树江,任玉贵.采空区及上隅角瓦斯抽放效果分析[J].煤矿安全,2007(11)：14-15.
[17]袁绍国,臧建领,周连春,李默然,王礼.平沟煤矿瓦斯治理中采空区埋管抽放技术的应用[J].中国煤层气,2010,7(5)：32.
[18]郝长胜,孙宝雷,周连春,祁昊,张朋.采空区埋管抽放技术在采煤工作面的应用[J].煤,2010(5)：16.
[19]王洪胜.羽状预抽矿井瓦斯数值模拟研究[J].工矿自动化,2009(10)：32.
[20]丁卫平,张春华.松软围岩瓦斯抽采高位钻孔钻进技术[J].矿山天地,2010(2)：174.
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