深海平台及系泊与立管系统动力特性分析
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摘要
海洋平台是海洋油气资源开发的主要工具。半潜平台具有抗风浪能力强和适应水深范围广等优点,而Spar平台运动性能优良、成本相对低廉,它们都将是我国南海深海资源开发中的主要海洋工程装备。这两类深海平台都是由作为刚体的浮体结构与细长柔性构件系统(系泊缆和立管等)耦合而成的,浮体结构与细长构件相互作用,共同抵御海洋环境载荷。
本论文研究深海半潜与Spar平台浮体/系泊/立管系统在风浪流中的时域耦合动力特性问题。第一章概要地回顾和总结了目前国内外研究进展,第二章阐述了对深海平台浮体/系泊/立管系统进行时域耦合动力分析的方法。在此基础上,开展了如下研究工作:
在第三章中,首先对一座悬链系泊半潜平台在不规则波中的动力特性进行了数值研究,通过与模型实验结果的比较,表明了所采用方法的合理性与可靠性,并对有1根系泊缆发生断裂时该平台运动响应及其系泊缆张力特性进行了研究分析。
同时,对一座张紧系泊半潜平台在风浪流中的动力特性进行了分析,研究了SCR与TTR两种立管对其运动响应及系泊张力特性的影响,分析了有系泊断裂时平台运动响应及其系泊/立管张力的变化特性。
在第四章中,对一座经典式Spar平台在风浪流中的动力特性进行了分析,研究了在有风流及没有风流、有系泊断裂及没有系泊断裂等情况下,平台运动响应及其系泊/立管张力的变化特性。
研究表明,如果忽略立管的影响,将会低估平台运动响应性能,而高估系泊极限张力。当有系泊断裂时,半潜平台纵荡和纵摇运动响应会明显增大,而Spar平台纵荡和垂荡运动明显增大,同时原来绷紧系泊缆的张力会明显增加,而松弛系泊缆的张力会减小。
Offshore structures are main tools to exploit oil and gas resources in oceans. Semi-submersible platforms have strong ability of anti-wave and wide range of operational water depths. Spar platforms have excellent motion performances and are relatively low cost. These platforms will be the primary marine engineering equipments to exploit the deep-sea resources in the South China Sea, and both of which are composed by floating vessel modeled as rigid body and flexible slender structure systems (mooring lines and marine risers), these parts interact to resist sea entironment loads.
This paper deals with the coupled-dynamic characteristics of floating hulls/mooring lines/risers for deepwater Semi-submersible and Spar platforms in the time-domain under winds, random waves and currents. Chapter I reviews and summarizes recent progress in such areas briefly. Chapter II presents the numerical method for the coupled-dynamic analysis of a deepwateer floating structure with mooring lines/risers in the time domain. Then the following work has been carried out:
In Chapter III, the dynamic characteristics of a Semi-submersible platform with catenary mooring lines in random waves are analyzed. The proposed method is validated by comparing with the model test results, and the motion responses of the platform and the tension characteristics of the mooring lines are analysized under the cases where one mooring line is broken.
Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of a Semi-submersible platform with taut mooring lines in winds, random waves and currents are further analyzed. The effects of two kinds of risers (SCRs and TTRs) on the motion responses of the platform and the tension characteristics of the mooring lines are considered, and then dynamic characteristics of the platform with taut mooring lines and SCRs are analysized under the cases where some mooring lines are broken.
In Chapter IV, the dynamic characteristics of a classic Spar in winds, random waves and currents are considered, the effects of the winds and currents on the motion responses of the platform and the tension characteristics of the mooring lines/risers are considered, and then dynamic characteristics of the platform with taut mooring lines and a TTR are analysized under the cases where some mooring lines are broken.
Results show that the motion performances of the platforms will be underestimated, and the limit tensions of the mooring lines will be overestimated if the effects of risers are ignored. When some mooring lines are broken, the surge and pitch will increase significantly for the semi-submersible platform while the surge and heave will increase obviously for the Spar platform, moreover the tension will increase for taut mooring lines and decrease for slack ones greatly.
本论文研究深海半潜与Spar平台浮体/系泊/立管系统在风浪流中的时域耦合动力特性问题。第一章概要地回顾和总结了目前国内外研究进展,第二章阐述了对深海平台浮体/系泊/立管系统进行时域耦合动力分析的方法。在此基础上,开展了如下研究工作:
在第三章中,首先对一座悬链系泊半潜平台在不规则波中的动力特性进行了数值研究,通过与模型实验结果的比较,表明了所采用方法的合理性与可靠性,并对有1根系泊缆发生断裂时该平台运动响应及其系泊缆张力特性进行了研究分析。
同时,对一座张紧系泊半潜平台在风浪流中的动力特性进行了分析,研究了SCR与TTR两种立管对其运动响应及系泊张力特性的影响,分析了有系泊断裂时平台运动响应及其系泊/立管张力的变化特性。
在第四章中,对一座经典式Spar平台在风浪流中的动力特性进行了分析,研究了在有风流及没有风流、有系泊断裂及没有系泊断裂等情况下,平台运动响应及其系泊/立管张力的变化特性。
研究表明,如果忽略立管的影响,将会低估平台运动响应性能,而高估系泊极限张力。当有系泊断裂时,半潜平台纵荡和纵摇运动响应会明显增大,而Spar平台纵荡和垂荡运动明显增大,同时原来绷紧系泊缆的张力会明显增加,而松弛系泊缆的张力会减小。
Offshore structures are main tools to exploit oil and gas resources in oceans. Semi-submersible platforms have strong ability of anti-wave and wide range of operational water depths. Spar platforms have excellent motion performances and are relatively low cost. These platforms will be the primary marine engineering equipments to exploit the deep-sea resources in the South China Sea, and both of which are composed by floating vessel modeled as rigid body and flexible slender structure systems (mooring lines and marine risers), these parts interact to resist sea entironment loads.
This paper deals with the coupled-dynamic characteristics of floating hulls/mooring lines/risers for deepwater Semi-submersible and Spar platforms in the time-domain under winds, random waves and currents. Chapter I reviews and summarizes recent progress in such areas briefly. Chapter II presents the numerical method for the coupled-dynamic analysis of a deepwateer floating structure with mooring lines/risers in the time domain. Then the following work has been carried out:
In Chapter III, the dynamic characteristics of a Semi-submersible platform with catenary mooring lines in random waves are analyzed. The proposed method is validated by comparing with the model test results, and the motion responses of the platform and the tension characteristics of the mooring lines are analysized under the cases where one mooring line is broken.
Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of a Semi-submersible platform with taut mooring lines in winds, random waves and currents are further analyzed. The effects of two kinds of risers (SCRs and TTRs) on the motion responses of the platform and the tension characteristics of the mooring lines are considered, and then dynamic characteristics of the platform with taut mooring lines and SCRs are analysized under the cases where some mooring lines are broken.
In Chapter IV, the dynamic characteristics of a classic Spar in winds, random waves and currents are considered, the effects of the winds and currents on the motion responses of the platform and the tension characteristics of the mooring lines/risers are considered, and then dynamic characteristics of the platform with taut mooring lines and a TTR are analysized under the cases where some mooring lines are broken.
Results show that the motion performances of the platforms will be underestimated, and the limit tensions of the mooring lines will be overestimated if the effects of risers are ignored. When some mooring lines are broken, the surge and pitch will increase significantly for the semi-submersible platform while the surge and heave will increase obviously for the Spar platform, moreover the tension will increase for taut mooring lines and decrease for slack ones greatly.
引文
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[3]唐友刚,张素侠,张若瑜,刘海笑.深海系泊系统动力特性研究进展[J].海洋平台,2008,26(1): 120-126.
[4]栾苏,韩成才,王维旭,于兴军.半潜式海洋钻井平台的发展[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(11): 90-93.
[5]陈新权,刘振辉,谭家华.深海半潜式平台选型研究[J].中国海洋平台, 2008, 23(1): 8-13.
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[7]Faltinsen O M.船舶与海洋工程环境载荷[M]. 2008,上海:上海交通大学出版社.
[8]Pnagalila F V, Martin J P. A mehtod of estimating line tensions and motions of a Semi-submersible based on empirical data and model basis resustl [C]. OTC, 1969, 2: 90-96.
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