基于室内一般遮挡环境的超宽带电波传播仿真系统
摘要
超宽带(UWB)通信方式是用极窄脉冲来传输数据比特,同时产生宽达数GHz的带宽,其传输速率高达至每秒500M甚至更高。但因发射功率受到限制,使其传播的有效距离一般在10米范围之内,其主要用途为室内短距离高速率数据传输。
本文首先讨论了本课题采用的射线跟踪这一电波传播覆盖预测方法,包括传统射线跟踪的基本原理和分类、UWB室内信道的特殊性、传统射线跟踪法是否适用于UWB信号在室内信道中的传播覆盖预测,并对UWB室内信道确定模型的研究现状作了分析和总结。然后,重点给出了基于室内一般遮挡环境的绕射(包括一次绕射、一次绕射加一次反射、一次反射加一次绕射)射线跟踪及场计算的算法、程序流程以及仿真结果。最后,介绍了我们建立的UWB室内电波传播仿真系统,包括图形用户界面(GUI)系统和该仿真系统所采用的室内信道确定模型,并对该系统尚存的缺陷以及实际应用价值做了分析。
本文主要的工作是在已经完成的UWB电波在室内视距环境和室内完全遮挡环境下的传播覆盖预测模型的基础上,建立了基于室内一般遮挡环境的UWB电波传播仿真系统,并加入了绕射射线的射线跟踪和场计算的算法,给出了包括绕射射线在内的各种类型的UWB射线在室内一般遮挡环境下的传播覆盖预测仿真结果。
Ultra Wide Band communication pattern uses ultra narrow pulse to transport data bit and forms a bandwidth about several GHz at the same time. Its transmission speed can reach 500M/s or even higher. Its available transmission area is confined in the range less than 10 meters due to the limitation of the transmission power. So it is mainly used for indoor speed data transmission.
This paper first discusses one of the electric wave propagation cover prediction methods, ray tracing, which is used by this project, whose content includes the basic theory and categories of traditional ray tracing method and the particularity of Ultra Wide Band indoor channel. It also analyzes whether the traditional ray tracing method is suitable for UWB signal’s propagation cover prediction under indoor circumstances, and it makes analysis and summarization of the current research situation about UWB indoor established channel models as well. Then, it provides arithmetic, flow of program and simulation results of ray tracing and field computing for many different kinds of UWB rays under a general obstructed indoor circumstance, especially for the diffraction rays. At last, it introduces the UWB radio wave simulation system that we built, including the introduction of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) system and the indoor established channel model which this simulation system uses. And it offers the analysis of the shortages and practical application value of it in the end.
The main work of this project is building a simulation system for UWB radio wave propagation under general obstructed indoor circumstances based on the previous work named UWB radio wave propagation cover prediction models under the unobstructed indoor circumstances and completely obstructed indoor circumstances respectively which have been done. Aside from this, it offers the arithmetic of ray tracing method and field computing for diffraction rays. At last, it provides the simulation results of many different kinds of UWB rays under the general obstructed indoor circumstances.
本文首先讨论了本课题采用的射线跟踪这一电波传播覆盖预测方法,包括传统射线跟踪的基本原理和分类、UWB室内信道的特殊性、传统射线跟踪法是否适用于UWB信号在室内信道中的传播覆盖预测,并对UWB室内信道确定模型的研究现状作了分析和总结。然后,重点给出了基于室内一般遮挡环境的绕射(包括一次绕射、一次绕射加一次反射、一次反射加一次绕射)射线跟踪及场计算的算法、程序流程以及仿真结果。最后,介绍了我们建立的UWB室内电波传播仿真系统,包括图形用户界面(GUI)系统和该仿真系统所采用的室内信道确定模型,并对该系统尚存的缺陷以及实际应用价值做了分析。
本文主要的工作是在已经完成的UWB电波在室内视距环境和室内完全遮挡环境下的传播覆盖预测模型的基础上,建立了基于室内一般遮挡环境的UWB电波传播仿真系统,并加入了绕射射线的射线跟踪和场计算的算法,给出了包括绕射射线在内的各种类型的UWB射线在室内一般遮挡环境下的传播覆盖预测仿真结果。
Ultra Wide Band communication pattern uses ultra narrow pulse to transport data bit and forms a bandwidth about several GHz at the same time. Its transmission speed can reach 500M/s or even higher. Its available transmission area is confined in the range less than 10 meters due to the limitation of the transmission power. So it is mainly used for indoor speed data transmission.
This paper first discusses one of the electric wave propagation cover prediction methods, ray tracing, which is used by this project, whose content includes the basic theory and categories of traditional ray tracing method and the particularity of Ultra Wide Band indoor channel. It also analyzes whether the traditional ray tracing method is suitable for UWB signal’s propagation cover prediction under indoor circumstances, and it makes analysis and summarization of the current research situation about UWB indoor established channel models as well. Then, it provides arithmetic, flow of program and simulation results of ray tracing and field computing for many different kinds of UWB rays under a general obstructed indoor circumstance, especially for the diffraction rays. At last, it introduces the UWB radio wave simulation system that we built, including the introduction of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) system and the indoor established channel model which this simulation system uses. And it offers the analysis of the shortages and practical application value of it in the end.
The main work of this project is building a simulation system for UWB radio wave propagation under general obstructed indoor circumstances based on the previous work named UWB radio wave propagation cover prediction models under the unobstructed indoor circumstances and completely obstructed indoor circumstances respectively which have been done. Aside from this, it offers the arithmetic of ray tracing method and field computing for diffraction rays. At last, it provides the simulation results of many different kinds of UWB rays under the general obstructed indoor circumstances.
引文
1朱义君,常力. UWB的主要特点及在短距离无线通信中的应用前景.电子应用技术. 2003,(10):6~8
2 Faranak Nekoogar.超宽带通信原理及应用.任品毅,廖学文,梁中华译.西安交通大学出版社, 2007:1~15
3程永志.超宽带无线技术的应用前景分析.中国新通信(技术版). 2008:70~71
4 Rappaportts. Wireless Communications Principles and Practice. Prentice-Hall, 1996
5阮颖铮.电磁射线理论基础.电子科技大学出版社, 1989
6 Cassiol Id, Ciccognan Iw, Durantin Ia. UWB Channel Model Report. Ultra-waves. 2003
7 Foerster J. Channel Modeling Sub-committee Report Final. IEEE P802. 2002:12
8袁正午.移动通信系统终端射线跟踪定位理论与方法.电子工业出版社, 2007:80~94 184~188 196~199
9吴志忠.移动通信无线电波传播.人民邮电出版社, 2002:22~33
10张业荣,竺南直,程勇.蜂窝移动通信网络规划与优化.电子工业出版社, 2003:90~99
11 Richard Yao, Grace Gao, Zhengqi Chen, Wenwu Zhu. UWB multipath channel model based on time-domain UTD technique. Global Telecommunications Conference. 2003,3:1205~1210
12 Zhenqii Clien, Yao R, Zihua Guo. The characteristics of UWB signal transmitting through a lossy dielectric slab. Vehicular Technology Conference. 2004,1:134~138
13 Yao R., Chen Z, Guo Z. An efficient multipath channel model for UWB home networking. Radio and Wireless Conference. 2004:511~516
14 Malgorzata Porebska, Thorsten Kayser, Werner Wiesbeck. Verification of a Hybrid Ray-Tracing/FDTD Model for Indoor Ultra-Wideband Channels. Wireless Technologies. 2007:169~172
15 Hiroto Sugahara, Yoshinori Watanabe, Takashi Ono, Kazuhiro Okanoue, Shuntaro Yamazaki. Development and experimental evaluations of‘RS-2000’-a propagation simulator for UWB systems. Ultra Wideband Systems. 2004:76~80
16 Yan Zhao, Yang Hao, Parini C. Two novel FDTD based UWB indoor propagation models. Ultra-Wideband. 2005:124~129
17 Gianluigi Tiberi, Stefano Bertini, Wasim Q, Malik, Agostino Monorchio, David J, Edwards, Giuliano Manara. An Efficient Ray Tracing Propagation Simulator forAnalyzing Ultrawideband Channels. Ultra-Wideband. 2007:794~799
18 G. Tiberi, S. Bertini, W. Q. Malik, A. Monorchio, D. J. Edwards, G. Manara. Modeling of UWB channels by using an efficient ray tracing procedure. Antennas and Propagation International Symposium. 2007:349~352
19 Yves Lostanlen, Gregory Gougeon. Introduction of diffuse scattering to enhance ray-tracing methods for the analysis of deterministic indoor UWB radio channels. Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications. 2007:903~906
20 Jens Timmermann, Malgorzata Porebska, Christian Sturm, Werner Wiesbeck. Investigating the influence of the antennas on UWB system impulse response in indoor environments. Microwave Conference. 2007:1562~1565
21 Yan Zhao, Yang Hao, Parini C. FDTD Characterization of UWB Indoor Radio Channel Including Frequency Dependent Antenna Directivities. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2007,6:191~194
22 Diskin J, Brennan C. Accelerated Ray-Tracing for Indoor Ultra-wideband Propagation Modelling. Vehicular Technology Conference. 2007:418~422
23季忠,黎滨洪,王豪行,陈兴义,赵耀庚.用射线跟踪法对室内电波传播进行预测.电波科学学报. 1999:160~165
24 Dajana Cassioli, Moe Z. Win, Andreas F. Molisch. The Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Indoor Channel: From Statistical Model to Simulations. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2002:1247~1257
25 Ali Hussein Muqaibel, Ahmad Safaai-Jazi. A New Formulation for Characterization of Materials Based on Measured Insertion Transfer Function. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2003:1946~1951
26 A.H.Muqaibel, A.Safaai-Jazi, A.M.Attiya, A.Bayram, S.M.Riad. Measurement and Characterization of Indoor Ultra-Wideband Propagation. IEEE. 2003:295~299
27 Yongwei Zhang, Brown.A.K. Ultra-wide bandwidth communication channel analysis using 3-D ray tracing. IEEE 1st International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems. 2004,(9):443~447
28 M. Ghavami, L. B. Michael, R. Kohno. Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering. Wiley, 2004:344~398
29中华人民共和国通信行业标准,数字微波传输系统中所用设备的测量方法,第3部分:卫星通信地球站的测量,第2节:天线. 1997
30 Constantine A. Balanis. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. John Wiley
31 R. J. Luebbers. Finite conductivity uniform UTD versus knife diffraction prediction of propagation path loss. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1984,32(1):70~76
32 G. D. Maliuzhinets. Excitation, reflection and emission of surface waves from a wedge with given face impedances. Phys. 1958,3:752~755
33 R. Tiberio, G. Pelosi, G.. Manara. A uniform GTD formulation for the diffraction by a wedge with impedance faces. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1985,33(8):867~873
34 T.W.Veruttipong. Time domain version of the uniform GTD. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1990,38:1757~1764
35 O. M. Bucci, G. Franceschetti. Electromagnetic scattering by a halfplane with two face impedances. Radio Sei. 1976,11:49~59
36 V. G.. Vaccaro. The generalized reflection method in electromagnetism. AEU. 1980,34:493~500
37 I. M. L. Bernard. On the diffraction of an electromagnetic skew incident wave by a non perfectly conducting wedge. Telecommunication. 1990,45(1):30~39
38 M. A?di, J. Lavergnat. Comparison of Luebbers’and Maliuzhinets’wedge diffraction coefficients in urban channel modeling. Progress in Electromagnetics Research. 2001:1~28.
39 J. F. Rouviere, N. Douchin, P. F. Combes. Diffraction by Lossy Dielectric Wedges Using Both Heuristic UTD Formulations and FDTD. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1999,47:1702~1708
40 P. D. Holm. A new heuristic UTD diffraction coefficient for nonperfectly conducting wedges. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation.. 2000,48:1211~1219
41 G. Pelosi, G. Manara, P. Nepa. Diffraction by a wedge with variable-impedance faces. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1996,44:1334~1340
42张在琛,毕光国.超宽带室内信道模型.电气电子教学学报. 2004,26(6):60~63
43王亚松. UWB室内环境射线跟踪算法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2007,25~27 30~31
2 Faranak Nekoogar.超宽带通信原理及应用.任品毅,廖学文,梁中华译.西安交通大学出版社, 2007:1~15
3程永志.超宽带无线技术的应用前景分析.中国新通信(技术版). 2008:70~71
4 Rappaportts. Wireless Communications Principles and Practice. Prentice-Hall, 1996
5阮颖铮.电磁射线理论基础.电子科技大学出版社, 1989
6 Cassiol Id, Ciccognan Iw, Durantin Ia. UWB Channel Model Report. Ultra-waves. 2003
7 Foerster J. Channel Modeling Sub-committee Report Final. IEEE P802. 2002:12
8袁正午.移动通信系统终端射线跟踪定位理论与方法.电子工业出版社, 2007:80~94 184~188 196~199
9吴志忠.移动通信无线电波传播.人民邮电出版社, 2002:22~33
10张业荣,竺南直,程勇.蜂窝移动通信网络规划与优化.电子工业出版社, 2003:90~99
11 Richard Yao, Grace Gao, Zhengqi Chen, Wenwu Zhu. UWB multipath channel model based on time-domain UTD technique. Global Telecommunications Conference. 2003,3:1205~1210
12 Zhenqii Clien, Yao R, Zihua Guo. The characteristics of UWB signal transmitting through a lossy dielectric slab. Vehicular Technology Conference. 2004,1:134~138
13 Yao R., Chen Z, Guo Z. An efficient multipath channel model for UWB home networking. Radio and Wireless Conference. 2004:511~516
14 Malgorzata Porebska, Thorsten Kayser, Werner Wiesbeck. Verification of a Hybrid Ray-Tracing/FDTD Model for Indoor Ultra-Wideband Channels. Wireless Technologies. 2007:169~172
15 Hiroto Sugahara, Yoshinori Watanabe, Takashi Ono, Kazuhiro Okanoue, Shuntaro Yamazaki. Development and experimental evaluations of‘RS-2000’-a propagation simulator for UWB systems. Ultra Wideband Systems. 2004:76~80
16 Yan Zhao, Yang Hao, Parini C. Two novel FDTD based UWB indoor propagation models. Ultra-Wideband. 2005:124~129
17 Gianluigi Tiberi, Stefano Bertini, Wasim Q, Malik, Agostino Monorchio, David J, Edwards, Giuliano Manara. An Efficient Ray Tracing Propagation Simulator forAnalyzing Ultrawideband Channels. Ultra-Wideband. 2007:794~799
18 G. Tiberi, S. Bertini, W. Q. Malik, A. Monorchio, D. J. Edwards, G. Manara. Modeling of UWB channels by using an efficient ray tracing procedure. Antennas and Propagation International Symposium. 2007:349~352
19 Yves Lostanlen, Gregory Gougeon. Introduction of diffuse scattering to enhance ray-tracing methods for the analysis of deterministic indoor UWB radio channels. Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications. 2007:903~906
20 Jens Timmermann, Malgorzata Porebska, Christian Sturm, Werner Wiesbeck. Investigating the influence of the antennas on UWB system impulse response in indoor environments. Microwave Conference. 2007:1562~1565
21 Yan Zhao, Yang Hao, Parini C. FDTD Characterization of UWB Indoor Radio Channel Including Frequency Dependent Antenna Directivities. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2007,6:191~194
22 Diskin J, Brennan C. Accelerated Ray-Tracing for Indoor Ultra-wideband Propagation Modelling. Vehicular Technology Conference. 2007:418~422
23季忠,黎滨洪,王豪行,陈兴义,赵耀庚.用射线跟踪法对室内电波传播进行预测.电波科学学报. 1999:160~165
24 Dajana Cassioli, Moe Z. Win, Andreas F. Molisch. The Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Indoor Channel: From Statistical Model to Simulations. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2002:1247~1257
25 Ali Hussein Muqaibel, Ahmad Safaai-Jazi. A New Formulation for Characterization of Materials Based on Measured Insertion Transfer Function. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2003:1946~1951
26 A.H.Muqaibel, A.Safaai-Jazi, A.M.Attiya, A.Bayram, S.M.Riad. Measurement and Characterization of Indoor Ultra-Wideband Propagation. IEEE. 2003:295~299
27 Yongwei Zhang, Brown.A.K. Ultra-wide bandwidth communication channel analysis using 3-D ray tracing. IEEE 1st International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems. 2004,(9):443~447
28 M. Ghavami, L. B. Michael, R. Kohno. Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering. Wiley, 2004:344~398
29中华人民共和国通信行业标准,数字微波传输系统中所用设备的测量方法,第3部分:卫星通信地球站的测量,第2节:天线. 1997
30 Constantine A. Balanis. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. John Wiley
31 R. J. Luebbers. Finite conductivity uniform UTD versus knife diffraction prediction of propagation path loss. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1984,32(1):70~76
32 G. D. Maliuzhinets. Excitation, reflection and emission of surface waves from a wedge with given face impedances. Phys. 1958,3:752~755
33 R. Tiberio, G. Pelosi, G.. Manara. A uniform GTD formulation for the diffraction by a wedge with impedance faces. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1985,33(8):867~873
34 T.W.Veruttipong. Time domain version of the uniform GTD. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1990,38:1757~1764
35 O. M. Bucci, G. Franceschetti. Electromagnetic scattering by a halfplane with two face impedances. Radio Sei. 1976,11:49~59
36 V. G.. Vaccaro. The generalized reflection method in electromagnetism. AEU. 1980,34:493~500
37 I. M. L. Bernard. On the diffraction of an electromagnetic skew incident wave by a non perfectly conducting wedge. Telecommunication. 1990,45(1):30~39
38 M. A?di, J. Lavergnat. Comparison of Luebbers’and Maliuzhinets’wedge diffraction coefficients in urban channel modeling. Progress in Electromagnetics Research. 2001:1~28.
39 J. F. Rouviere, N. Douchin, P. F. Combes. Diffraction by Lossy Dielectric Wedges Using Both Heuristic UTD Formulations and FDTD. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1999,47:1702~1708
40 P. D. Holm. A new heuristic UTD diffraction coefficient for nonperfectly conducting wedges. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation.. 2000,48:1211~1219
41 G. Pelosi, G. Manara, P. Nepa. Diffraction by a wedge with variable-impedance faces. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1996,44:1334~1340
42张在琛,毕光国.超宽带室内信道模型.电气电子教学学报. 2004,26(6):60~63
43王亚松. UWB室内环境射线跟踪算法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2007,25~27 30~31