产品逆向工程中的概念结构及公差设计方法研究
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摘要
以国家自然科学基金项目“产品概念结构与公差同步综合进化设计理论与应用研究”(编号:50475129)为依托,进行基于概念结构生长型设计的公差设计理论和技术的研究。在这些理论和技术基础之上,实现了产品逆向工程中的公差求解和优化。主要研究内容如下:
全面调研了国内外机械产品概念设计和计算机辅助公差设计研究现状,探讨了机械产品计算机辅助概念设计和计算机辅助公差设计中存在的问题,阐述了本论文的选题依据。
根据产品概念设计与生物生长的相似性,在分解重构理论、功能表面、广义定位原理等基础理论的支持下,提出了基于定位模式并符合自项向下设计思想的生长型产品概念设计构思,建立了结构生长型设计模型,使用面向对象的编程技术进行了系统实现。通过讨论功能、结构、尺寸与公差之间的关系,建立了公差信息模型,并将其与结构生长型设计相结合,构建了公差与结构同步设计的总体框架。
在尺寸链自动生成方法的研究中,分别探讨了封闭环和组成环的确定及其尺寸、公差信息的存储、获取,装配误差的确定及其配合信息的存储、获取,并论述了公差分析和公差分配方法。依据产品逆向工程理论,讨论了公差求解和优化,实现了产品逆向设计中的公差重构。
以KD型打码机为例,对其进行了公差逆向求解和优化,验证了本文理论研究与技术实施的正确性和有效性。最后,探讨了基于概念结构的生长型设计和公差生长型设计应该进一步开展的工作。
本文工作对从事机械产品概念设计、尤其是机械产品的计算机辅助公差设计系统的研究与开发工作具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。
The theory and technology of tolerance design based on conceptual structure Growing Design is studied based on the National Natural Science Fund project " Study on the design theory and application of simultaneous, synthetical and evolving design of product conceptual structure and tolerance" (Number: 50475129). On this groundwork, the tolerance solving and optimizing in product reverse engineering is realized. The main content is as followed:
The research status of Conceptual Design of mechanical products and Computer-aided Design tolerances is comprehensively investigated, the problems existing in the Conceptual Design and Computer-aided Design tolerances are discussed, and the reason of the subject selecting consideration is elaborated.
According to the similarity between Product Conceptual Design and Biological Growth, in support of the basic theory of that: Theory of Decomposition and Reconstitution (D&R), Function Surface, Generalized Location Principle, the method of Growing Conceptual Design of product which is based on Location Mode according to Top-Down Design ideas is put forward, and the Growing Design model is created, the system function module by the technology of 00 (Object Oriented) is accomplished. The relationship between function, structure, dimension and tolerance is discussed, the tolerance info model is set up and it is combined with structure design to give a general frame of simultaneous design of tolerance and structure.
The automatic generation method of dimension chain is studied, which includes closed loop confirmation, storage and acquisition of its dimension and tolerance information, unit loop confirmation, storage and acquisition of its dimension information and assembly error conformation, storage and acquisition of assembly information. The methods of Tolerance analysis and distribution are expatiated. On the basis of product reverse engineering theory, tolerance solving and optimizing is studied, and tolerance reconstitution is realized in product reverse design process.
An example of KD-type code printing machine is given to show the tolerance reverse solving and optimizing, the correctness and validity of the theoretical study and technical implementation are verified, and the further work of conceptual structure and tolerance Growing Design are discussed further.
This thesis has important reference and guidance for the conceptual design of mechanical products, especially for the research and development work of Computer-aided tolerance design system.
全面调研了国内外机械产品概念设计和计算机辅助公差设计研究现状,探讨了机械产品计算机辅助概念设计和计算机辅助公差设计中存在的问题,阐述了本论文的选题依据。
根据产品概念设计与生物生长的相似性,在分解重构理论、功能表面、广义定位原理等基础理论的支持下,提出了基于定位模式并符合自项向下设计思想的生长型产品概念设计构思,建立了结构生长型设计模型,使用面向对象的编程技术进行了系统实现。通过讨论功能、结构、尺寸与公差之间的关系,建立了公差信息模型,并将其与结构生长型设计相结合,构建了公差与结构同步设计的总体框架。
在尺寸链自动生成方法的研究中,分别探讨了封闭环和组成环的确定及其尺寸、公差信息的存储、获取,装配误差的确定及其配合信息的存储、获取,并论述了公差分析和公差分配方法。依据产品逆向工程理论,讨论了公差求解和优化,实现了产品逆向设计中的公差重构。
以KD型打码机为例,对其进行了公差逆向求解和优化,验证了本文理论研究与技术实施的正确性和有效性。最后,探讨了基于概念结构的生长型设计和公差生长型设计应该进一步开展的工作。
本文工作对从事机械产品概念设计、尤其是机械产品的计算机辅助公差设计系统的研究与开发工作具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。
The theory and technology of tolerance design based on conceptual structure Growing Design is studied based on the National Natural Science Fund project " Study on the design theory and application of simultaneous, synthetical and evolving design of product conceptual structure and tolerance" (Number: 50475129). On this groundwork, the tolerance solving and optimizing in product reverse engineering is realized. The main content is as followed:
The research status of Conceptual Design of mechanical products and Computer-aided Design tolerances is comprehensively investigated, the problems existing in the Conceptual Design and Computer-aided Design tolerances are discussed, and the reason of the subject selecting consideration is elaborated.
According to the similarity between Product Conceptual Design and Biological Growth, in support of the basic theory of that: Theory of Decomposition and Reconstitution (D&R), Function Surface, Generalized Location Principle, the method of Growing Conceptual Design of product which is based on Location Mode according to Top-Down Design ideas is put forward, and the Growing Design model is created, the system function module by the technology of 00 (Object Oriented) is accomplished. The relationship between function, structure, dimension and tolerance is discussed, the tolerance info model is set up and it is combined with structure design to give a general frame of simultaneous design of tolerance and structure.
The automatic generation method of dimension chain is studied, which includes closed loop confirmation, storage and acquisition of its dimension and tolerance information, unit loop confirmation, storage and acquisition of its dimension information and assembly error conformation, storage and acquisition of assembly information. The methods of Tolerance analysis and distribution are expatiated. On the basis of product reverse engineering theory, tolerance solving and optimizing is studied, and tolerance reconstitution is realized in product reverse design process.
An example of KD-type code printing machine is given to show the tolerance reverse solving and optimizing, the correctness and validity of the theoretical study and technical implementation are verified, and the further work of conceptual structure and tolerance Growing Design are discussed further.
This thesis has important reference and guidance for the conceptual design of mechanical products, especially for the research and development work of Computer-aided tolerance design system.
引文
1 Vollbracht G T.The Time for CAEDM is Now.SDRC Corp.,Technical Report[J].CAE,CAD/CAM Section,1988,10(7):28
2 RAP M.et al.Integrated distributed intelligent systems in manufacturing[C].London:Chapman&Hall,1992
3 Mao Q,Wang Q W,Zhang X F,Zhou J.Case prototype-based design support tool for mechanical product conceptual design[C].Fourth Int Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics.Wuhan,China.1996
4 蔡军.全生命周期成本中的产品成本设计思路分析[J].中国管理信息化(综合版).2006,(12):8-10
5 National Material Advisory Board.Enabling technologies for unified life-cycle engeering of structural component[M].Washington:National Academy Press,1991
6 任工昌,刘永红,张优云.机械产品概念设计及功能表达[J].机械.2002,(04):1-4
7 Lotter B.Manufacturing Assembly Handbook[M].Butterworths,Boston,1986.
8 Pahl G,Beitz W.Engineering design[M].London:The Design Council,1984
9 French M.J.Conceptual Design for Engineers[M].Second Edition.London:The Design Council,1985
10 孟庆波.基于概念结构生长型设计的公差设计技术研究[D].济南:山东大学硕士学位论文.2006
11 D.Maffin.Engineering Design Models:context,theory and practice[J].Journal of Engineering Design,1998,9(4):315-327
12 路坤,夏文龙.基于实例推理的CAPP系统研究[J].现代制造技术与装备.2006,(6):65-67
13 Huang Kezheng,Liu Heshan,Li Jngshan.Generic structural design by assemblability for mechanical products[C].In:Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Production Engineering,Tokyo,1998:107-112
14 曹树坤,黄克正.基于广义定位模式的实例推理[J].机械科学与技术.2003,(6):23-25
15陈洪武,吴子岳,李俊等.基于产品基因的概念结构生长型设计研究[J].机械制造.2006,(8):9-12
16Feng P E,Pan S X,Chen Y,et al.Genetic Engineering and Conceptual Design[C].In:Cully A ed.Design Methods for Performance and Sustainability.London:Imeche,2001:235-242
17杨波,昃向博,黄克正等.基于产品基因分解重构的生长型设计[J].中国机械工程.2005,(9):19-23
18Hillyard C.Dimensions and Tolerances in Shape Design[D].University of Cambridge,UK:ph.D.Dissertation,1978
19Bjorke O.Computer-Aided Tolerancing[M].2nded.NewYork.ASME Press,1989
20杨将新,吴昭同.机械零件配合设计的模糊专家系统[J].机械工程学报.1997,33(4):44-49
21张根保.计算机辅助公差设计综述[J].中国机械工程.1996,(5):47-50
22Soderberg S.Robust Design by Support of CAT Tools[C].1998 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences,Atlanta,Georgia,1998
23任怀伟,黄克正,李长江.产品生长型设计及其关键技术研究[J].武汉理工大学学报.2007,(7):114-118
24Hu Jie,Wu Zhaotong.Methods for generation of variational geometric constraints network fo assembly[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics.2002,14(1):79-82
25胡洁,熊光楞,吴昭同.支持并行工程的公差设计与评价研究[J].计算机集成制造系统.2002,8(12):988-991
26Qian L,Gero J S.Functin-behavior-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design[J].A I EDAM.1996,10(4):289-312
27GoelA K,Stroulia E.Functional device models and model-based diagnosis in adaptive design[J].A I EDAM.1996,10(4):355-369
28任怀伟,黄克正,尚勇等.机械产品生长型设计过程的研究[J].机械设计与研究.2007,(2):12-17
29Huang Kezheng,Chen Hongwu,Wang Yandong,et al.Product genetic engineering[C].Proceedings of the 14th International CIRP Design Seminar 2004.Waguih EIMaragny(eds.)Cairo,Egypt,May16-18,2004
30刘斌,黄树槐.快速原型制造技术中实时切片算法的研究与实现[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1997,(6):9-14
31袁超.逆向工程技术应用研究[J].装备制造技术.2007,(3):30-32
32付伟,张海.基于Geomagic Studio软件的逆向工程设计[J].工具技术.2007,(11):54-57
33刘世明,胡桂川.Imageware与反求工程.重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版)[J].2006,(3):86-88
34张海,姜羡,付伟.COPYCAD软件在逆向工程中的应用[J].华东交通大学学报.2005,(2):124-127
35侯琳.RapidForm与逆向工程新概念[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化.2006,(10):47-49
36侯维芝,祁翠琴.反求设计与技术创新[J].机电一体化.2004,(3):12-15
37王卫国,雷毅,闫光荣等.基于生长型设计的产品反求[J].机械设计.2007,(9):7-10
38王卫国,黄克正,闫光荣等.产品反求中基于功能表面的精度模型及应用[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2007,(8):1086-1088
39Huang Kezheng,Li Xudong,Cao Shukun,et al.CoDARFAD-Collaborative mechanical product design system[C].Proceedings of 6th International Conference on CSCW in design,Canada,2001
40Huang Kezheng,Chen Hong wu,Wang Yandong,et al.Product genetic engineering[C].In:E1Maraghy HA,EMaraghy WH,editors Advances in Design,Springer,2006
41金涛,匡继勇.产品反求模型的精度评价[J].机械.2001,(2):5-6
42刘裕先,李韬.计算机辅助公差设计的研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2001,(1):9-10
43Narahari Y,Sudarsan R,Lyons K,et al.Design for Tolerance of Electro-mechanical Assemblies:an Integrated Approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,1999,15(6):1062-1079
44黄礼伟.形位公差间的关系及取代应用(上)[J].机械工艺师.2000,(3):31-32
45杨波,杨涛,昃向博.生长型设计中的功能公差设计理论[J].机械工程学报.2006,42(10):73-78
46Wynne H.Current Research in the Conceptual Design of Mechanical Products[J].CAD.1998,30(5):377-381
47杨志宏.产品公差与概念结构同步综合进化设计理论与技术研究[D].济南:山东大学博士学位论文.2004
48曾设华,周果霞.机械加工中工序尺寸链的分析[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2006,(4):55-57
49陈锡渠.现代机械制造工艺[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
50矫培山,俞惠芬.互换性与技术测量[M].第2版.济南:山东大学出版社,1997
51孙奇,赵群娥.公差分配方法与制造成本浅析[J].航空工艺技术.1998,(2):35-38
52田立中,马玉林,姬舒平.装配尺寸链自动生成的研究[J].工程设计.2000,(4):21-24
2 RAP M.et al.Integrated distributed intelligent systems in manufacturing[C].London:Chapman&Hall,1992
3 Mao Q,Wang Q W,Zhang X F,Zhou J.Case prototype-based design support tool for mechanical product conceptual design[C].Fourth Int Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics.Wuhan,China.1996
4 蔡军.全生命周期成本中的产品成本设计思路分析[J].中国管理信息化(综合版).2006,(12):8-10
5 National Material Advisory Board.Enabling technologies for unified life-cycle engeering of structural component[M].Washington:National Academy Press,1991
6 任工昌,刘永红,张优云.机械产品概念设计及功能表达[J].机械.2002,(04):1-4
7 Lotter B.Manufacturing Assembly Handbook[M].Butterworths,Boston,1986.
8 Pahl G,Beitz W.Engineering design[M].London:The Design Council,1984
9 French M.J.Conceptual Design for Engineers[M].Second Edition.London:The Design Council,1985
10 孟庆波.基于概念结构生长型设计的公差设计技术研究[D].济南:山东大学硕士学位论文.2006
11 D.Maffin.Engineering Design Models:context,theory and practice[J].Journal of Engineering Design,1998,9(4):315-327
12 路坤,夏文龙.基于实例推理的CAPP系统研究[J].现代制造技术与装备.2006,(6):65-67
13 Huang Kezheng,Liu Heshan,Li Jngshan.Generic structural design by assemblability for mechanical products[C].In:Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Production Engineering,Tokyo,1998:107-112
14 曹树坤,黄克正.基于广义定位模式的实例推理[J].机械科学与技术.2003,(6):23-25
15陈洪武,吴子岳,李俊等.基于产品基因的概念结构生长型设计研究[J].机械制造.2006,(8):9-12
16Feng P E,Pan S X,Chen Y,et al.Genetic Engineering and Conceptual Design[C].In:Cully A ed.Design Methods for Performance and Sustainability.London:Imeche,2001:235-242
17杨波,昃向博,黄克正等.基于产品基因分解重构的生长型设计[J].中国机械工程.2005,(9):19-23
18Hillyard C.Dimensions and Tolerances in Shape Design[D].University of Cambridge,UK:ph.D.Dissertation,1978
19Bjorke O.Computer-Aided Tolerancing[M].2nded.NewYork.ASME Press,1989
20杨将新,吴昭同.机械零件配合设计的模糊专家系统[J].机械工程学报.1997,33(4):44-49
21张根保.计算机辅助公差设计综述[J].中国机械工程.1996,(5):47-50
22Soderberg S.Robust Design by Support of CAT Tools[C].1998 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences,Atlanta,Georgia,1998
23任怀伟,黄克正,李长江.产品生长型设计及其关键技术研究[J].武汉理工大学学报.2007,(7):114-118
24Hu Jie,Wu Zhaotong.Methods for generation of variational geometric constraints network fo assembly[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics.2002,14(1):79-82
25胡洁,熊光楞,吴昭同.支持并行工程的公差设计与评价研究[J].计算机集成制造系统.2002,8(12):988-991
26Qian L,Gero J S.Functin-behavior-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design[J].A I EDAM.1996,10(4):289-312
27GoelA K,Stroulia E.Functional device models and model-based diagnosis in adaptive design[J].A I EDAM.1996,10(4):355-369
28任怀伟,黄克正,尚勇等.机械产品生长型设计过程的研究[J].机械设计与研究.2007,(2):12-17
29Huang Kezheng,Chen Hongwu,Wang Yandong,et al.Product genetic engineering[C].Proceedings of the 14th International CIRP Design Seminar 2004.Waguih EIMaragny(eds.)Cairo,Egypt,May16-18,2004
30刘斌,黄树槐.快速原型制造技术中实时切片算法的研究与实现[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1997,(6):9-14
31袁超.逆向工程技术应用研究[J].装备制造技术.2007,(3):30-32
32付伟,张海.基于Geomagic Studio软件的逆向工程设计[J].工具技术.2007,(11):54-57
33刘世明,胡桂川.Imageware与反求工程.重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版)[J].2006,(3):86-88
34张海,姜羡,付伟.COPYCAD软件在逆向工程中的应用[J].华东交通大学学报.2005,(2):124-127
35侯琳.RapidForm与逆向工程新概念[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化.2006,(10):47-49
36侯维芝,祁翠琴.反求设计与技术创新[J].机电一体化.2004,(3):12-15
37王卫国,雷毅,闫光荣等.基于生长型设计的产品反求[J].机械设计.2007,(9):7-10
38王卫国,黄克正,闫光荣等.产品反求中基于功能表面的精度模型及应用[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2007,(8):1086-1088
39Huang Kezheng,Li Xudong,Cao Shukun,et al.CoDARFAD-Collaborative mechanical product design system[C].Proceedings of 6th International Conference on CSCW in design,Canada,2001
40Huang Kezheng,Chen Hong wu,Wang Yandong,et al.Product genetic engineering[C].In:E1Maraghy HA,EMaraghy WH,editors Advances in Design,Springer,2006
41金涛,匡继勇.产品反求模型的精度评价[J].机械.2001,(2):5-6
42刘裕先,李韬.计算机辅助公差设计的研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2001,(1):9-10
43Narahari Y,Sudarsan R,Lyons K,et al.Design for Tolerance of Electro-mechanical Assemblies:an Integrated Approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,1999,15(6):1062-1079
44黄礼伟.形位公差间的关系及取代应用(上)[J].机械工艺师.2000,(3):31-32
45杨波,杨涛,昃向博.生长型设计中的功能公差设计理论[J].机械工程学报.2006,42(10):73-78
46Wynne H.Current Research in the Conceptual Design of Mechanical Products[J].CAD.1998,30(5):377-381
47杨志宏.产品公差与概念结构同步综合进化设计理论与技术研究[D].济南:山东大学博士学位论文.2004
48曾设华,周果霞.机械加工中工序尺寸链的分析[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2006,(4):55-57
49陈锡渠.现代机械制造工艺[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
50矫培山,俞惠芬.互换性与技术测量[M].第2版.济南:山东大学出版社,1997
51孙奇,赵群娥.公差分配方法与制造成本浅析[J].航空工艺技术.1998,(2):35-38
52田立中,马玉林,姬舒平.装配尺寸链自动生成的研究[J].工程设计.2000,(4):21-24