太阳能富集地区主动太阳能热水采暖蓄热系统优化设计
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摘要
我国大多数采暖地区太阳能资源丰富,而利用太阳能采暖是一项符合可持续发展战略的技术。要利用太阳能采暖,必须克服太阳能周期性和随机性的缺点,因此研究太阳能蓄热对我国太阳能采暖技术来说,有极其重要的意义,而在太阳能采暖系统中设置热量蓄调装置是解决此问题有效的方法,利用蓄热水箱对热量进行蓄调是一种简便易行的技术,但太阳能采暖系统蓄热水箱容积的确定及运行调节,国内尚未见有系统的研究,鉴于此,本论文对太阳能采暖系统中蓄热水箱做了详细的理论分析及模拟研究。
本文通过对拉萨、西宁、银川、西安太阳辐射及建筑热负荷日变化规律、太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量模拟研究分析,得到以上城市在不同蓄热水箱平均温度与采暖系统供水温度下,单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积的变化规律,以及太阳能采暖实际工程中单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积的推荐值,为太阳能采暖蓄热系统的设计提供依据。
文中首先对太阳辐射及建筑热负荷日变化规律、太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量进行理论分析得出:蓄热水箱容积与太阳辐射强度变化规律、建筑热负荷变化规律、蓄热温差的关系;得到集热器有效太阳能集热量的计算方法以及公式;建立了居住建筑的热工模型,利用DeST进行动态模拟,得出热负荷变化规律。对太阳能有效集热量及建筑热负荷利用Origin进行曲线拟合,得出逐时值及日总值。根据采暖系统热平衡方程,计算得到采暖系统所需蓄热量,再根据采暖供回水温度以及太阳能集热器出水温度,确定水箱内最佳蓄热温差,计算得出蓄热水箱容积,并对水箱内水温分布情况利用CFD进行了模拟研究。
该研究不仅有节能方面的技术意义,更有实际的工程意义。该结论对太阳能采暖设计具有重要的参考价值,为太阳能采暖蓄热系统的设计提供了依据。
Solar heating is a technology that accords with the concept of sustainable development. Solar energy is rich in most of heating area in China, but it is of periodicity and randomness. So it is significant to research on solar heat storage. The effective solution is to set heat accumulation equipment in the heating system, of which setup hot water tank is an easy way. How big sould be the volume of the tank and what ruler should it follow in operation? In terms of this, the paper does definite theoretical analysis and simulator investigation on it.
With the simulation and analysis of the solar radiation, heat load of a building and heat demanded by a solar heating system in Lhasa、Xi'ning、Yinchuan and Xi'an, the relationship of hot water tank volume with temperature of average tank water and that of supply water in these cities can be concluded. Besides, for practical project, the recommended values of water tank volume in different cities are given.
First, analyze theoretically on principle of solar radiation, heat load of building and heat storage demanded by a solar heating system. Then, the relationship between the volume of tank and solar radiation, heat load and temperature difference of heat storage is concluded. Afterwards, calculation method of the effective solar heat collecting capacity is worked out. A thermal model of a residential building is established so that the law of heat load can be found by the dynamic stimulation with the help of DeST. Curve fitting is done to get the relation between effective heat collection and the heat load of a building so that the figures of an hour and a day can also be gotten. Calculates the heat demanded by the heating system according to the heat equilibrium equation and then confirms the optimal temperature Supported by difference and works out the volume of the tank referring to the temperatures of water supply & return and the figure at the exit of the heat collectors. Finally, stimulates the distribution of temperature in the water tank with the help of CFD.
This research is significant not only in energy saving, but also in practical project. The conclution is important to the design of solar heating system. Besides, it provides basis for the design of heat storage tank.
本文通过对拉萨、西宁、银川、西安太阳辐射及建筑热负荷日变化规律、太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量模拟研究分析,得到以上城市在不同蓄热水箱平均温度与采暖系统供水温度下,单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积的变化规律,以及太阳能采暖实际工程中单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积的推荐值,为太阳能采暖蓄热系统的设计提供依据。
文中首先对太阳辐射及建筑热负荷日变化规律、太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量进行理论分析得出:蓄热水箱容积与太阳辐射强度变化规律、建筑热负荷变化规律、蓄热温差的关系;得到集热器有效太阳能集热量的计算方法以及公式;建立了居住建筑的热工模型,利用DeST进行动态模拟,得出热负荷变化规律。对太阳能有效集热量及建筑热负荷利用Origin进行曲线拟合,得出逐时值及日总值。根据采暖系统热平衡方程,计算得到采暖系统所需蓄热量,再根据采暖供回水温度以及太阳能集热器出水温度,确定水箱内最佳蓄热温差,计算得出蓄热水箱容积,并对水箱内水温分布情况利用CFD进行了模拟研究。
该研究不仅有节能方面的技术意义,更有实际的工程意义。该结论对太阳能采暖设计具有重要的参考价值,为太阳能采暖蓄热系统的设计提供了依据。
Solar heating is a technology that accords with the concept of sustainable development. Solar energy is rich in most of heating area in China, but it is of periodicity and randomness. So it is significant to research on solar heat storage. The effective solution is to set heat accumulation equipment in the heating system, of which setup hot water tank is an easy way. How big sould be the volume of the tank and what ruler should it follow in operation? In terms of this, the paper does definite theoretical analysis and simulator investigation on it.
With the simulation and analysis of the solar radiation, heat load of a building and heat demanded by a solar heating system in Lhasa、Xi'ning、Yinchuan and Xi'an, the relationship of hot water tank volume with temperature of average tank water and that of supply water in these cities can be concluded. Besides, for practical project, the recommended values of water tank volume in different cities are given.
First, analyze theoretically on principle of solar radiation, heat load of building and heat storage demanded by a solar heating system. Then, the relationship between the volume of tank and solar radiation, heat load and temperature difference of heat storage is concluded. Afterwards, calculation method of the effective solar heat collecting capacity is worked out. A thermal model of a residential building is established so that the law of heat load can be found by the dynamic stimulation with the help of DeST. Curve fitting is done to get the relation between effective heat collection and the heat load of a building so that the figures of an hour and a day can also be gotten. Calculates the heat demanded by the heating system according to the heat equilibrium equation and then confirms the optimal temperature Supported by difference and works out the volume of the tank referring to the temperatures of water supply & return and the figure at the exit of the heat collectors. Finally, stimulates the distribution of temperature in the water tank with the help of CFD.
This research is significant not only in energy saving, but also in practical project. The conclution is important to the design of solar heating system. Besides, it provides basis for the design of heat storage tank.
引文
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[28]彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[29]廉乐明等.工程热力学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[30]董华,周恩泽.太阳能热泵-地板辐射供热系统实验研究[J].暖通空调,2007,37(01):106-112.
[31]建设部标准定额研究所.民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规程[S],GB50364-2005.中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[32]罗运俊,李元哲,赵乘龙.太阳能热水器原理、制造与施工[M].化学工业出版社,2005.
[33]方荣生.太阳能应用技术[M].中国农业机械出版社,1985.
[34]采暖通风与空调设计规范[S].GB50019,中国计划出版社,2003.
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[36]Ali A.Badran,Mohammad,A.Hamdan.Comparative study for nuder-floor heating using solar collectors of solar ponds[J].APPLIED ENERGY,77(2004):107-117.
[37]Viorel Badescu.Simulation analysis for the active solar heating system of a passive house[J].APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING,25(2005):2754-2763.
[38]Mejdi Hazami etc.Performance of a solar storage collector[J].DESALINATION,183(2005):167-172.
[39]M.Bojic,S.Kalogirou,K.Petronijevic.Simulation of a solar domestic water heating system using a time marching model[J].RENEWABLE ENERGY,27(2002):441-452.
[40]P.T.Tsilingiris.Design,Analysis and performance of low-cost plastic film large solar water heating systems[J].SOLARENERGY,5(1997):245-256.
[41]E.Torres-Reyes,J.J.Navarrete-Gonzalez,J.G.Cervantes-de Gortari.Thermodynamic optimization as an effective tool to design solar heating systems[J].ENERGY,29(2004):2305-2315.
[42]Tsilingiris,P.T.Design,analysis and performance of low-cost plastic film large solar water heating systems[J].FUEL AND ENERGY ABSTRACTS,38(1997):327-328.
[43]Argiriou,Athanassios A.CSHPSS systems in Greece:test of simulation software and analysis of typical systems[J].SOLAR ENERGY,60(1997):159-170.
[44]Viorel Badescu.Simulation analysis for the active solar heating system of a passive house[J].APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING,25(2005):2754-2763.
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[2]杨子江.节能:新世纪建筑的第一要素.建筑:2003,(12):17.
[3]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[4]高庆龙.被动式太阳能建筑热工设计参数优化研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2006,12.
[5]徐志辉.积极利用太阳能建筑生态建筑[J].住宅科技.2004,(1):45-46.
[6]西藏那曲新闻网www.xznqnews.com.改革开放30年来西藏开发利用新能源纪实.2008,11.
[7]单军勇,刘效洲.太阳能采暖的可行性分析[J].节能改造,2003,(6):41-43.
[8]潘云刚,金键.太阳能在拉萨火车供暖系统中的应用[J].暖通空调,2007,37(6):53-58.
[9]李元哲.被动式太阳房的原理及设计[M].能源出版社,1989.
[10]绿色建筑网www.greenbuilder.com/sourcebook/.
[11]T.Schmidt,D.Mangold,H.Muller-Steinhagen.Central Solar Heating Plants:With Seasonal Storage In Germany[J].SOLAR ENERGY,76(2004):165-174.
[12]张开黎,于立强.太阳能利用中的蓄热技术[J].建筑热能通风空调,2002,(2):22-26.
[13]J.A.Duffie,W.A.Beckman.Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes[M].Wiley Interscience,NEW YORK,1980.
[14]宋之平.太阳能热水器系统的计算机分析[J].太阳能学报,1983,4(2):170-173.
[15]彭飞,张国勋.一个太阳能—热能系统的计算机分析模型[J].太阳能学报,1988,9(4):383-389.
[16]G.Oliveti,N.Arcuri,S.Ruffolo.First Experimental Results From A Prototype Plant For The Interseasonal Storage Of Solar Energy For The Winter Heating Of Buildings[J].SOLARENERGY,62(1998):281-290.
[17]K.K.Matrawy,I.Farkas.New Technique For Short Term Storage Sizing[J].RENEWABLE ENERGY,11(1997):129-141.
[18]MO.Chung,JUN-UN Park,HYUNG-KEE Yoon.Simulation Of A Central Slar Heating System With Seasonal Storage In Korae[J].SOLAR ENERGY,64(1998):163-178.
[19]N.D.Kaushika,K.S.Reddy.Thermal Design And Field Experiment Of Transparen Thoneycomb Insulated Integrated-Collector-Storage Solar water Heater[J].APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING,19(1999):145-161.
[20]D.Pahud.Central Solar Heating Plants Withs Seasonal Duck Storage And Short-Team Water Storage:Design Guidelines Obtained By Dynamic System Simulations[J].SOLAR ENERGY,69(2000):495-509.
[21]张鹤飞.太阳能热利用原理与计算机模拟[M].西北工业大学出版社,2004.
[22]Simon Furbo,Elsa Andersen,Alexander ect.Performance Improvement By Discharge From Different Levels In Solar Storage Tanks[J].SOLAR ENERGY,79(2005):431-439.
[23]郑瑞澄.民用建筑太阳能热水工程技术手册[M].化学工业出版社,2006.
[24]于国清,汤金华,邹志军.太阳能热水系统蓄热水箱温度分层作用研究[J].建筑科学,2007,23(4):70-73.
[25]赵军,曲航,崔俊奎等.跨季节蓄热太阳能集中供热系统的仿真分析[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(2):214-218.
[26]西藏自治区居住建筑采暖地方标准[S].J11036,中国标准出版社,2007:16-17.
[27]李元哲.被动式太阳房热工设计手册[M].清华大学出版社,1993.
[28]彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[29]廉乐明等.工程热力学[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[30]董华,周恩泽.太阳能热泵-地板辐射供热系统实验研究[J].暖通空调,2007,37(01):106-112.
[31]建设部标准定额研究所.民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规程[S],GB50364-2005.中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[32]罗运俊,李元哲,赵乘龙.太阳能热水器原理、制造与施工[M].化学工业出版社,2005.
[33]方荣生.太阳能应用技术[M].中国农业机械出版社,1985.
[34]采暖通风与空调设计规范[S].GB50019,中国计划出版社,2003.
[35]孟长再,巴特尔,马广兴.被动式太阳房的集热部件优化选型及集热面积简易计算方法探讨[J].内蒙古工业大学学报,2002,(4):311-319.
[36]Ali A.Badran,Mohammad,A.Hamdan.Comparative study for nuder-floor heating using solar collectors of solar ponds[J].APPLIED ENERGY,77(2004):107-117.
[37]Viorel Badescu.Simulation analysis for the active solar heating system of a passive house[J].APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING,25(2005):2754-2763.
[38]Mejdi Hazami etc.Performance of a solar storage collector[J].DESALINATION,183(2005):167-172.
[39]M.Bojic,S.Kalogirou,K.Petronijevic.Simulation of a solar domestic water heating system using a time marching model[J].RENEWABLE ENERGY,27(2002):441-452.
[40]P.T.Tsilingiris.Design,Analysis and performance of low-cost plastic film large solar water heating systems[J].SOLARENERGY,5(1997):245-256.
[41]E.Torres-Reyes,J.J.Navarrete-Gonzalez,J.G.Cervantes-de Gortari.Thermodynamic optimization as an effective tool to design solar heating systems[J].ENERGY,29(2004):2305-2315.
[42]Tsilingiris,P.T.Design,analysis and performance of low-cost plastic film large solar water heating systems[J].FUEL AND ENERGY ABSTRACTS,38(1997):327-328.
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