摘要
家族企业在世界经济史中占有重要的一席之地,是最古老的企业组织形式之一。但是,家族企业问题研究成为独立的研究领域却是上世纪中后期开始发展的。自然人生命周期的有限单向性和企业周期无限循环性的矛盾导致所有企业主都不可避免地要面临控制权传递问题,但控制权传承是一个非常复杂的过程,它直接决定着家族企业能否平稳过渡、持久发展。因此,家族企业权力继任成为家族企业研究领域备中受关注的焦点问题之一。
学者们普遍认为,保证家族企业有效地进行权力继任的根本在于提早制定完善的继任计划。一个完整有效的继任计划至少应包括:选择和培训继任者、制定继任后的发展远景和战略、确定前任企业主的角色、与重要利益相关者讨论继任事项。由此可见,继任者选择是继任计划的基础和最重要的问题。
目前,中国大陆存在的家族企业基本都是改革开放后成立的,这些早期创建家族企业的创始人多数进入花甲之年。同时,其家族第二代甚至第三代已经进入企业,因此,创始人面临权杖交替问题。但财富转移和权力交接易引发企业震动,也正是企业最为脆弱的时刻,如何选择最合适的权力继任者就成为家族企业顺利转承的基础环节,而制定选择标准则是关键问题。国内外对这一问题的研究尚不普遍,尤其是针对中国家族企业权力继任者选择的研究相对更少。缺少对中国特定经济环境和文化氛围下的家族企业权力继任者选择规律的归纳和总结。
本论文从该点切入,立足于中国家族企业存在的特定环境和文化影响,以闽南地区家族企业为研究样本,通过实地调查研究与理论研究相结合的方法,研究中国家族企业权力继任者选择问题。
本文首先界定几个在本研究领域经常使用却含义模糊的概念,以便澄清后续研究的确切意思表达;同时规定了本文研究的几个重要假定条件,以此表明本研究的有限性。
在上述界定和假定条件的规定下,本文总览了中国家族企业的特征,尤其是家族企业产权特征和权力结构特征。通过研究发现,中国家族企业控制权可以进行分层,企业产权结构随着外部社会环境,尤其是法制环境的改变而调整,同时有不同的控制权配置。但是,控制权的“核”作为家族企业最终控制权的表现,总是保留在家族内部,由专门的家族成员拥有。据此本文认为,家族企业权力继任的核心是控制权的“核”的传承,因此研究家族企业权力继任者选择具有重要的现实和理论意义。
其后,本文以闽南家族企业为研究样本,在计划行为理论的指导下,通过问卷调查和访谈的方式研究中国家族企业权力继任者选择的影响因素。调查结果显示,中国家族利益共同体现象明显,企业利益是家族利益的组成部分;企业创始人是权力继任的主导者;家族和谐是继任的一个重要目标,传统文化发挥作用。
立足于会计利润和欣慰潜力是中国家族企业创始人选择继任者的两个最重要内容,本研究建立权力继任者选择模型。在该模型中,创始人根据个人要求,均衡会计利润和欣慰潜力带来的效用,选择可以获得效用最大化的候选人为企业权力继任者。
接下来,根据对闽南家族企业的分析,本研究确定了上述家族企业权力继任者选择模型中的两个参数值。基于这两个参数值,我们可以了解中国家族企业创始人对会计利润与欣慰潜力的权衡态度。同时,也为创始人有的放矢地培养潜在继任者提供依据。
最后,运用本研究建立的家族企业权力继任者选择模型对中国家族企业的典型案例进行分析。
Family enterprise, as an important part in world economic history and one of the oldest forms of enterprise, started to become an independent research field only since middle to late last century. All the family enterprise owners can not avoid the problem of power transfer because of the limitation of human life and the limitless of enterprise's life, but the way how to transfer the leadership is a complex process, which will directly affect the family enterprise whether they can pass the transition period smoothly and keep on expanding or not. Therefore, the succession became one of the focuses that caught highly attention from those family enterprise experts.
Generally, the scholars thought the basis of guarantying the family firm's succession effectively is drawing up the plan ahead of time. An effective plan of succession include at least: choice and train successor, formulate vision and strategy, determine the role's of predecessor and discuss the succession with benefit counterparts. On the face of it, choosing successor is the foundation and the most important thing of the successor plan.
The family firms in mainland of China were basically founded after reform and open. Most family firms' founders are over 60 years old and the family second or third -generations have entered the firms. So the founders have to face the succession. How to choose the most appropriate successor is the underlying link of the family firm's smooth extension. Furthermore, formulating the choice standard is the key point. The research was not still common in domestic and foreign, which specially aimed at the China family firm's choosing successor to be less and lacked to the induction and the summary about family firm's succession under the China specific economic environment and the cultural atmosphere.
Based on the specific environment and the cultural influence, the thesis studies the choosing successor through the on-the-spot investigation research and the fundamental research, which studies the family firm's sample at Minnan area. Firstly, the thesis defines some often used but fuzzy concepts and formulates some important assumed condition. The thesis summarizes the China family firm's characteristic, in particular property right characteristic and authority structure characteristic. It is found that the control power of China family firms could be layered. With the exterior social environment, special legal system environment changed, the property right structures have different control power configurations. However, the "core" of control power is still kept in family. Hereby, the key of family firm's succession is transferring the "core" of control power. The research on family firm's choosing successor has the important reality and the theory significance.
Secondly, sampled with family firms at Minnan area, the thesis studies the influence factors of choosing successor through questionnaire survey and interview. The result shows that the phenomenon of Chinese family benefit community is so obvious that the family benefit is composed of the enterprise benefit; the founder is the leadership of succession; the family's harmony is a profitable target of succession.
Based on the accountant profit and amenity potential being two most important contents of choosing successor, the research establish the choosing successor model. According to individual request, the founder chooses candidate who could gain effectiveness maximization to be the successor through balancing the effectiveness of the accountant profit and amenity potential.
Thirdly, the research determines two parameters in the above choosing successor model according to analysis family firms at Minnan area. Based on the two parameters, we may understand China family firm founders' balancing attitude for the accountant profit and amenity potential, which also provide the foundation for the founder training the latent successors with a clear goal.
Lastly, using the present model, the research analyzes the typical case in China.
引文
①转引自余立智博士论文《家族企业的成长机理及变迁路径》2004年3月,第7页。
②《中国经济信息》1999年19期,第15页。
③转引自甘德安《中国家族企业研究》,中国社会科学出版社2002年10月版,第2页。
①参见朗文出版公司编,朗文当代英语辞典(英文版)1995年最新版,p498,有关family的解释。外语教学与研究出版社,北京,1997.8
①参见董巍.家族企业定义困境.改革与战略,2007,1
①引自曹德骏(2002):家族企业研究的几个理论问题
①参见卡洛克等著《家族企业战略计划》,第6页。
①引自曹德骏(2002):家族企业研究的几个理论问题
②转引自郭跃进:《论家族企业家族化水平的测定原理与方法》,中国工业经济,2002,12
①科斯等著,《契约经济学》,第68-71页。
①中国改革与发展报告专家组:《非国有经济的发展问题研究》,上海远东出版社,2001,第126-128
①表3.1-表3.5根据张厚义主编的《走向成熟的中国民营企业家》整理而得
②转引自甘德安:《中国家族企业研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2002年,第245-263页
①[春秋]孔子:《论语》,辽宁民族出版社,“学而篇”,第3页
②[春秋]孔子:《论语》,辽宁民族出版社,“为政篇”,第19页
①徐翠兰、木公译注,《韩非子·内储说上七术·必罚明威》,山西古籍出版社,2003年,第120页
①商务印书馆辞书研究中心修订,《新华词典》,商务印书馆,2001年,修订第三版,第564页。
①参见董巍,王文萍.作为计划行为的家族企业权力继承:动力与障碍.生产力研究,录用到2008,3
①转引自甘德安:《中国家族企业研究》,第212页。
①参见董巍.中国家族企业权力继任的文化影响.特区经济,2007,2
①参见董巍、田焱.中国家族企业权力继任者选择模型研究.经济体制改革,2007,4
[1]A.Frank Adams,George E.Manners,et al.The Importance of Integrated Goal Setting:The Application of Cost-of-Capital Concepts to Private Firms.Family Business Review,Dec 2004:287-302
[2]Alvaro Vilaseca.The Shareholder Role in the Family Business:Conflict of Interests and Objectives between Nonemployed Shareholders and Top Management Team.Family Business Review,Dec 2002:299-320
[3]Barbara Bird,Harold Welsch,et al.Family Business Research:The Evolution of an Academic Field.Family Business Review,Dec 2002:337-350
[4]Barbara Dunn.The Family Factor:The Impact of Family Relationship Dynamics on Business-Owning Families during Transition.Family Business Review,Mar 1999:41-60
[5]Barbara Murray.The Succession Transition Process:A Longitudinal Perspective.Family Business Review,Mar 2003:17-33
[6]Barbara Murray.The Succession Transition Process:A Longitudinal Perspective.Family Business Review,Mar 2003:17-34
[7]Brian F.Smilth,Ben Amoako-Adu.Management Succession and Financial Performance of Family Controlled Firm.Journal of Corporate Finance,5(1999)341-368
[8]Bruno Dyck,Michael Mauws,et al.Passing the Baton:the Importance of Sequence,Timing,Technique and Communication in Executive Succession.Journal of Business Venturing,17(2002):143-162
[9]Burkart,Panunzi,& Shleifer.Family Firms.The Journal of Finance.Oct.2003:2167-2201
[10]Chris Mcneil,Greg Niehaus,Cric Powers.Management Tumover in Subsidiaries of Conglomerates versus Stand-Alone Firms.Journal of Financial Economics,72(2004):63-96
[11]Craig Aronoff.Self-Perpetuation Family Organization Built on Values:Necessary Condition for Long-Term Family Business Survival.Family Business Review,Mar 2004:55-59
[12]Daniel Denison,Colleen Lief,John L Ward.Culture in Family-Owned
??Enterprises:Recognizing and Leveraging Unique Strengths.Family Business Review,Mar 2004:61-70
[13]Daniel L,McConaughy,Michael C.Walker,et al.Founding Family Controlled Firms:Efficiency and Value.Review of Financial Economics,1998,7:1-19
[14]Daniel L.McConaughy,Michael C.Walker,Glenn V.Henderson,Jr.Founding Family Controlled Firms:Efficiency and Value.Review of Financial Economics,1998,7:1-19
[15]Danny Miller,Lloyd Steier,Isabelle Le Breton-Miller.Lost in Time:Intergenerational Succession,Change,and Failure in Family Business.Journal Of Business Venturing,18(2003):513-531
[16]Dean A.Shepherd,Andrew Zacharakis.Structuring Family Business Succession:An Analysis of the Future Leader’s Decision Making.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,Sum 2000:25-39
[17]Dennis T.Jaffe,Sam H.Lane.Sustaining a Family Dynasty:Key Issues Facing Complex Multigenerational Business-and Investment-Owning Families.Family Business Review,Mar 2004:81-98
[18]Donald Getz,Tage Petersen,Identifying Industry-Specific Barriers to Inheritance in Small Family Businesses.Family Business Review,Sep 2004:259-276
[19]Eleni T.Stavrou.Succession in Family Businesses:Exploring the Effects of Demographic Factors on Offspring Intentions to Join and Take Over the Business.Journal of Small Business Management,Jul 1999:43-61
[20]Ercilia Garcia-Alvarez,Jordi Lopez-Sintas,Pilar Ssldana Gonzalvo.Socialization Patterns of Successors In First- to Second-Generation Family Businesses.Family Business Review,Sep 2002:189-203
[21]Ernesto J Poza,Susan Hanlon,Reiko Kishida.Does the Family Business Interaction Factor Represent a Resource or a Cost?Family Business Review,Jun 2004:99-118
[22]Florence Curimbaba.The Dynamics of Women’s Roles as Family Business Managers.Family Business Review,Sep 2002:239-252
[23]Frank A Schmid.Voting Rights,Private Benefits,and Takeovers.Review-Federal Reserve Band of St.Louis St.Louis.Jan-Feb 2002:35-46
[24]Frank Adams, Sheb True, Robert Winsor. Corporate America's Search for the "Right" Direction: Outlook and Opportunities for Family Firms. Family Business Review, Dec 2002: 269-276
[25]Greg McCann, Clark Hammond, Andrew Keyt, et al. A View From Afar:Rethinking The Director's Role in University-Based Family-Based Family Business Programs. Family Business Review, Sep 2004: 203-219
[26]Greg McCann, Michelle Demos, Paul Dascher, Steve Barnett. Educational Needs of Family Businesses: Perceptions of University Directors. Family Business Review, Dec 2003:283-291
[27]Greg McCann, Michelle DeMoss, Paul Dascher, Steve Barnett. Educational Needs of Family Businesses: Perceptions of University Directors. Family Business Review, Dec 2003: 283-291
[28]Greg McCann. Where do we go from here? Strategic answers for university-based family business programs. Family Business Review, Jun 2003:125-144
[29]Grssman, Sanford J. Hart, Oliver D. One Share-One Vote and the Market for Corporate Control. Journal of Financial Economics, Jan-Mar88,1988:175-202
[30]Guido Corbetta, Carlo A Salvato. The Board of Directors in Family Firms:One Size Fits All? Family Business Review, Jun 2004: 119-134
[31]Gunter Kayser, Frank Wallau. Indutrisl Family Businesses in Germany-Situation and Future. Family Business Review, Jun 2002: 111-115
[32]Guoqiang Tian. Property Rights and the Nature of Chinese Collective Enterprises. Journal of Comparative Economics 28 (2000): 247-268
[33]Haejeong Kim, Sharon A Devaney. The Expectation of Partial Retirement among Family Business Owners. Family Business Review, Sep 2003:199-210
[34]Hannu Littunen. Management capabilities and environmental characteristics in the critical operational Phase of Entrepreneurship-A Comparison of Finnish Family and Nonfamily Firms. Family Business Review, Sep 2003: 183-197
[35]Harold Demsetz, Kenneth Lehn. The Structure of Corporate Ownership:Causes and Consequences. Journal of Political Economy, 1985, 93: 1155-1177
[36]Heather A. Haveman, Mukti V. Khaire. Survival beyond Succession? The Contingent Impact of Founder Succession on Organizational Failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 19 (2004): 437-463
[37]Henry C. Krasnow. What To Do When Talking Fails: Strategies for Minority Owners to Turn Stock Certificates into Money. Family Business Review, Dec 2002:259-268
[38]Herbert Neubauer. The Dynamics of Succession in Family Businesses in Western European Countries. Family Business Review, Dec 2003:269-281.
[39]Icek Ajzen. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 50,1991:179-211
[40]Jeng-Ren Chiou, Yi-Hua Lin. The Structure Of Corporate Ownership: A Comparison of China and Taiwan's Security Markets. Journal of American Academy of Business, Mar 2005:123-128
[41]Jess H. Chua, James J. Chrisman, Erick P. C. Chang. Are Family Firms Bom or Made? An Exploratory Investigation. Family Business Review, Mar 2004:37-54
[42]Jess H. Chua, James J. Chrisman, Pramodita Sharma. Defining the Family Business by Behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. Sum 1999:1-19
[43]Jess H. Chua, James J. Chrisman, Pramodita Sharma. Succession and Nonsuccession Concerns of Family Firms and Agency Relationship with Nonfamily Managers. Family Business Review, Jun 2003:89-107
[44]Jess H. Chua, James J. Chrisman, Pramodita Sharma. Succession and Nonsuccession Concerns of Family Firms and Agency Relationship with Nonfamily Managers. Family Business Review, Jun 2003: 89-107
[45]Jill Thomas. Freeing the Shackles of Family Business Ownership. Family Business Review, Dec 2002: 321-336
[46]Jim Grote. Conflicting Generations: A New Theory of Family Business Rivalry. Family Business Review, Jun 2003: 113-124
[47]Joachim I. Krueger, David C. Funder. Towards a Balanced Social Psychology:Causes, Consequences and Cures for the Problem-Seeking Approach to Social Behavior and Cognition. Cambridge University Press 2003
[48]Joseph H Astrachan, Melissa Carey Shanker. Family Businesses' Contribution to the U.S. Economy: A Closer Look. Family Business Review, Sep 2003:211 -219
[49]Kenneth Daye, Sara Hmilton. Roles of Trust in Consulting to Financial Families. Family Business Review, Jun 2004:151-173
[50]Kosmas X. Smyrnios, Claudia A. Romano, et al. Work-Family Conflict: A Study of American and Australian Family Businesses. Family Business Review,
??Mar 2003:35-51
[51]Loic MahERault.Is There Any Specific Equity Route for Small and Medium-Sized Family Businesses?The French Experience.Family Business Review,Sep 2004:221-135
[52]Lorraine M Uhlaner.The Use of the Guttman Scale in Development of a Family Orientation Index for Small-to-Medium-Sized Firms.Family Business Review,Mar2005:41-56
[53]Louise Cadieux,Jean Lorrain,Pierre Hugron.Succession in Women-Owned Family Businesses:A Case Study.Family Business Review,Mar 2002:17-30
[54]Ludo Van Der Heyden,Christine Blondel,Randel S.Carlock.Fair Process:Striving for Justice in Family Business.Family Business Review,Mar 2005:1-21
[55]M.A.Gallo.The Family Business and Its Social Responsibilities.Family Business Review,Jun 2004:135-149
[56]Mara Faccio,Larry H.E Lang.The Ultimate Ownership of Western European Corporations.Journal of Financial Economics 65(2004);365-395
[57]Mark R.Hauson,Paul H.Malatesta,Robert Parrino.Managerial Succession and Firm Performance.Journal of Financial Economics,74(2004):237-275
[58]Marta Vago.Integrated Change Management:Challenges for Family Business Clients and Consultants.Family Business Review,Mar 2004:71-80.
[59]Mattew C Sonfield,Robert N.Lussier.First-,Second-,and Third-Generation Family Firms:A Comparison.Family Business Review,Sep 2004:189-202
[60]Matti Koiranen.Over 100 Years of Age but Still Entrepreneurially Active in Business:Exploring the Values an d Family Characteristics of Old Finnish Family Firms.Family Business Review,Sep 2002:175-187
[61]Matti Koiranen.Understanding the Contesting Ideologies of Family Business:Challenge for Leadership and Professional Services.Family Business Review,Dec 2003:241-250
[62]Michael H.Morris,Roy O.Williams,Jeffrey A.Allen,Ramon A.Avila.Correlates of Success in Family Business Transitions.Journal of Business Venturing Dec,1997:385-401
[63]Michelle Demoss.Developing Consumer-Driven Services in University-Based Family Business Programs.Family Business Review,Jun 2002:119-129
[64]Miguel Angel Gallo,Josep TaPies,Kristin Cappuyns.Comparison of Family and Nonfamily Business: Financial Logic and Personal Prefernces. Family Business Review, Dec 2004:303-318
[65]Mikko Mustakallio, Erkko Autio, Shaker A. Zahra. Relational and Contractual Governance in Family Firms: Effects on Strategic Decision Making. Family Business Review, Sep 2002: 205-222
[66] Monica Diochon, Yvon Gasse, Teresa Menzies. Attitudes and Entrepreneurial Action: Exploring the Link. ASAC 2002:1-10
[67]Oliver Hart, John Moore. Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy, Dec 1990:1119-1158
[68]Paolo Gubitta, Martina Gianecchici. Governance and Flexibility in Family-Owned SMEs. Family Business Review, Dec 2002:277-297.
[69]Paticia D. Olson, Nirginia S. Zuiker, et al. The Impact of the Family and the Business on Family Business Sustainability. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2003):639-666
[70]Pietro Mazzola, Gaia Marchisio. The Role of Gong Public in Family Businesses' Long-Lasting Growth: A Study of Italian IPOs. Family Business Review,Jun 2002: 133-141
[71]Pramodita Sharma, James J. Chrisman, Jess H. Chua. Predictors of Satisfaction with the Succession Process in Family Firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (2003) :667-687
[72]Pramodita Sharma, James J. Chrisman, Jess H. Chua. Succession Planning as Planned Behavior: Some Empirical Results. Family Business Review, Mar 2003:1-15
[73]Pramodita Sharma, Jess H. Chua, James J. Chrisman. Perceptions about the Extent of Succession Planning In Canadian Family Firms. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 2000,17(3): 233-244
[74]Pramodita Sharma. An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies:Current Status and Directions for the Future. Family Business Review, Mar 2004:1-36
[75]Pramodita Sharma. An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies:Currents Status and Directions for the Future. Family Business Review, Mar 2004:1-36
[76]Rachel E Mickelson, Christopher Worley. Acquiring a Family Firm: A Case Study. Family Business Review, Dec 2003: 251 -268
[77]Reginald A. Litz. The Family Firm's Exclusion from Business School Research: Explaining the Void; Addressing the Opportunity. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. V21 p55-71 Spring'97
[78]Robert H. Brockhaus. Family Business Succession: Suggestions for Future Research. Family Business Review, Jun 2004: 165-177
[79]Sandra King. Orgnaizational Performance and Conceptual Capability: The Relationship between Organizational Performance and Successors' Capability in a Family-Owned Firm. Family Business Review, Sep 2003: 173-182
[80]Sanford J. Grossman, Oliver D. Hart. Takeover Bids, the Free-Rider Problem, and the Theory of the Corporation. The Bell Journal of Economics, 2001: 42-64
[81]Sanford J. Grossman, Oliver D. Hart. The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration. Journal of Political Economy, 1986 (94):691-719
[82]Sergio Belardinelli. The Evolution of Family Institution and Its Impact on Society and Business. Family Business Review, Sep 2002:169-173
[83]Shaker A. Zahra, Pramodita Sharma. Family Business Research: A Strategic Reflection. Family Business Review, Dec 2004: 331-346
[84] Shaker A. Zahra. Entrepreneurial Risk Taking in Family Firms. Family Business Review, Mar 2005:23-40
[85]Sharon M Danes, Paticia D Olson. Women's Role Involvement in Family Businesses, Business Tension, and Business Success. Family Business Review,Mar 2003:53-68
[86]Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov, Larry H.P. Lang. The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian Cor porations. Journal of Financial Economics, 58 (2000) 81-112
[87]Tarja Niemela. Interfirm Cooperation Capability in the Context of Networking Family Firms: The Role of Power. Family Business Review, Dec 2004: 319-330
[88]Timothy G. Habershon, Joseph Pistrui. Enterprising Families Domain:Family-Influenced Ownership Groups in Pursuit of Transgenerational Wealth.Family Business Review, Sep 2002:223-237
[89]Tommy Andersson, Jack Carlsen, Donald Getz. Family Business Goals in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector: Case Studies and Cross-Case Analysis from
??Australia,Canada,and Sweden.Family Business Review,Jun 2002:89-106
[90]Tony Banks.Property Rights Reform In Rangeland China:Dilemmas on the Road to the Household Ranch.World Development 31(2003):2129-2142.
[91]Trygve Gulbrandsen.Flexibility in Norwegian Family-Owned Enterprises.Family Business Review,Mar 2005:57-76
[92]Tung-Chun Huang.Who Shall Follow?Factors Affecting the Adoption of Succession Plans in Taiwan.Long Range Planning.Dec 1999:609-616
[93]Tungchun Huang.Who Shall Follow?Factors Affecting the Adoption of Succession Plans in Taiwan.Long Range Planning,Dec 1999:609-616
[94]Wee-Liang Tan,Siew Tong Fock.Coping With Growth Transitions:The Case of Chinese Family Businesses in Singapore.Family Business Review,Jun 2001:123-139
[95]William S.Schulze,Michael H.Lubatkin,Richard N.Dino.Toward a Theory of Agency and Altruism in Family Firms.Jornal of Business Venturing,18,2003:473-490
[96]Yin-Hua Yeh.Do Controlling Shareholders Enhance Corporate Value?Corporate Governance,Mar 2005:313-327
[97][美]R.科斯、A.阿尔钦、D·诺斯等.财产权力与制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2003.
[98][美]盖尔西克等著,贺敏译.家族企业的繁衍[M].北京:经济日报出版社,1998.
[99][美]科斯、哈特、斯蒂格利茨等.契约经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
[100][日]栗本慎一郎.经济人类学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[101]Y·巴泽尔著,费方域、段毅才译.产权的经济分析[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2004.
[102]阿里·德赫斯著,王晓霞译.长寿公司[M].北京:经济日报出社,1998.
[103][美]贝克尔.人类行为的经济分析[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2002.
[104]曹德骏.家族企业研究的几个理论问题[J].财经科学,2002,6:55-60.
[105][美]查、克里斯曼和沙玛.从行为的角度定义家族企业[J].家族企业:组织、行为与中国经济[C].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2005:89-123.
[106]晁上.论家族企业权力的代际传递[J].南开管理评论,2002,5:47-51.
[107]陈高林.家族制管理与私营企业持续成长[J].经济体制改革,2004,1:105-108.
[108]陈凌.信息特征、交易成本和家族式组织[J].经济研究,1998,7:27-33.
[109]陈森发、刘瑞翔.控制权在创业企业中的分配机制研究[J].东南大学学报(哲社版),2006,9:12-17.
[110]陈万思、姚圣娟.中国家族企业继承人培养计划[J].华东经济管理,2005,12:6-10.
[111]陈炎、许晓晖.家族力量[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2003.
[112]程承坪.产权、竞争、管理与企业绩效[J].财经问题研究,2004,1:9-13.
[113]程业炳、罗小贺.家族企业控制权及创新研究[J].北方经贸,2006,12:102-106.
[114]程裕祯.中国文化要略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2003.
[115]储小平.职业经理与家族企业的成长[J].管理世界,2002,4:100-108.
[116]董佳荣.浅析中国家族企业继承人选择与财产继承[J].山西财经大型学报,2006,4:62-62.
[117]窦军生、贾生华.家族企业代际传承理论研究前沿动态[J].外国经济与管理,2007,2:45-50.
[118]杜治洲、韩艳强.美国家族企业控制权初探[J].经济工作导刊,2002,7:44-46.
[119]费孝通.乡土中国[M].北京:三联书店出版,1985.
[120]甘德安.中国家族企业研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002.
[121]郝毓.中国私营企业如何走出家族化[J].贵州大学学报(社会科学版),2005,3:57-63.
[122]贺卫、伍山林.制度经济学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[123]贺志峰.论家族企业的定义[J].当代财经,2004,6:57-61.
[124]胡珺、翁玉良.家族型企业人力资源管理过程中的逆向选择和道德风险[J].集团经济研究,2006,12(上):275-276.
[125]胡凯、谢申祥.企业控制权理论综述[J].经济纵横,2006,6:78-80.
[126]黄光国、胡先缙等.人情与面子:中国人的权力游戏[R].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[127]纪坡民.产权与法[M].北京:生活、读书、新知三联书店,2001.
[128]姜林.企业控制权的机理剖析[J].企业改革与管理,2004,9:28-29.
[129]蒋甜甜、刘心报、经怀明.运用GAHP法建立研发人员绩效考评体系[J].
??价值工程,2006,6:88-90.
[130][美]兰德尔·S卡洛克、约翰·L沃德著,梁卿译.家族企业战略计划[M].北京:中信出版社,2002.
[131]李海婴、余功文.家族文化与中国家族企业制度变迁[J].湖北大学学报(社科版),2005,5:369-371.
[132]李雷生.浙江家族企业的生存与发展研究[J].财经论丛,2000,5:12-16.
[133]李善民、王陈佳.家族企业的概念界定及其形态分类[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2004,3:66-70.
[134]李向阳.剩余索取与控制在家族企业亲缘关系分析中的应用[D].南京理工大学硕士论文,2004,1.
[135]李新春、张书军主编.家族企业:组织、行为与中国经济[R].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2005.
[136]连建辉.“管理者控制权”重探——管理者与企业剩余控制权的配置[J].财经科学,2004,4:37-41.
[137]林强、罗宜志.基于群决策的项目进度计划研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2003.6:354-358.
[138]刘冰.企业权力争夺和企业治理[J].中国工业经济,2002,4:89-94.
[139]刘巨钦、宋丽丽.家族企业引入利益相关者共同治理模式的障碍[J].财经科学,2007,1:97-104.
[140]刘磊、万迪昉.企业中的核心控制权与一般控制权[J].中国工业经济,2004,268-76.
[141]刘学方、王重鸣等.家族企业接班人胜任力建模[J].管理世界,2006,5:96-106.
[142]刘彦平、宋秀英.企业控制权的演变及其趋势[J].河北经贸大学学报,2003,5:68-71.
[143]陆省娟、吴兰.中外家族企业继承问题探析[J].中国民营科技与经济,2006,9:70-72.
[144]陆兴发、王志刚、罗靖.国内外家族企业研究的现状与动态[J].学术探讨,2006,11:84-86.
[145]孟宪忠、冯秋实等.20世纪企业家现象观察[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2000.
[146]潘必胜.乡镇企业中的家族经营问题[J].中国农村观察,1998,1:12-18.
[147]齐明亮.在企业组织中谁拥有权威——一个关于控制权的讨论[J].湖北
??商业高等专科学校学报,2002,6:15-18.
[148]秦志华.企业控制权辨析[J].经济问题,2002,3:48-51.
[149]秦志华.企业控制权归谁所有[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002,5:49-53.
[150]史玉伟、和丕禅.企业控制权内涵及配置分析[J].石河子大学学报,2003,3:36-40.
[151]田志龙.经营者监督与激励[M].北京:中国发展出版社,1999.
[152]万希.中国家族企业接班人模式的比较和分析[J].经济经纬,2007,1:116-118.
[153]王东峰.香港华人家族企业的传统管理与现代化[J].东南亚研究,1997,6:31-36.
[154]王连娟.国外家族企业接班人选择经验借鉴[J].经济纵横,2006,11:70-72
[155]王绪圻.试论台湾大型家族企业集团世代交替[J].台湾研究,1997,4:62-68.
[156]谢德仁.企业剩余索取权分享安排与剩余计量[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,2001.
[157]谢海东.民营企业治理转型困境与超越[J].特区经济,2006,1:77-79.
[158]肖艳.家族企业的制度结构眼睛[D].复旦大学博士论文,2003.
[159]辛金国、赖丽娜、郑明娜.浙江省家族企业内部控制模糊综合评价探索[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2006,12:79-83.
[160]刑伟.对浙江家族企业代际传承问题与建议的思考[J].商业经济,2006,6:84-86.
[161]熊道伟.中国家族企业控制权配置分析[J].开放导报,2005,8:94-96.
[162]徐爱乐.美国企业的家族化及其家族治理变革研究[J].经济体制改革,2004,1:146-149.
[163]徐皓、吴德胜、钱嗣康.家族企业继任——基于控制权理论的分析[J].经济问题探索,2006,9:78-83.
[164]杨志龙.家族企业的绝对权力效应及其实证研究[J].现代管理科学,2007,1:84-86.
[165]应焕红.家族企业制度创新[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[166]余立智.家族企业的成长机理及变迁路径[D].浙江大学博士论文,2004.
[167]曾德国,王林.家族企业代际传承中面临的困境及其对策[J].渝西学院学报(社会科学版).2005,11:49-52.
[168]张厚义.走向成熟的中国民营企业家[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2002.
[169]张厚义等主编.中国私营企业发展报告(2000)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002.
[170]张华.家族式企业及其特征分析[J].西南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,10:94-96.
[171]张惠忠.浙江民营企业“家族制”问题研究[J].辽宁税务高等专科学校学报,2002,5:1-4.
[172]张金华.家族企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策[J].北华大学学报(社科版),2005,3:72-75.
[173]张瑞、徐明.中国家族企业子承父业传承模式的若干问题探析[J].现代管理科学,2006,8:86-87.
[174]张维迎.家族企业的成长与职业经理人[J].中国工商,2001,10:136-139.
[175]赵国杰、刑小强.ANP法评价区域科技实力的理论与实证分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,5:41-45.
[176]郑伯壎.差序格局与华人组织行为[J].家族企业:组织、行为与中国经济[R].上海:上海 三联书店、上海人民出版社,2005.
[177]郑文哲、夏凤.家族制企业的控制权类型及其转换[J].科技与管理,2006,1:48-50.
[178]中华人民共和国继承法[M].北京:法律出版社,1999.
[179]钟建安、陈红.浅析家族企业内部接班过程及模式[J].科技进步与对策,2004,1:45-46.
[180]周鸿勇.家族企业成长阶段及定量判定[J].管理现代化,2007,1:7-9.
[181]周其仁.产权与制度变迁[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002.
[182]周玉梅、李洪国.论企业剩余控制权和剩余索取权的分配[J].北华大学学报(社会科学版),2004,6:61-64.
[183]朱竹林、刘志迎.家族型经营现象剖析[J].合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版),1999,12:5-8.
[184]卓越、张珉.诚信、代理成本与家族企业的经理选择[J].财经研究,2004,2:50-57.