具有光伏水泵控制功能的新型变频调速系统研究
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摘要
光伏水泵系统是太阳能光伏应用领域的一个重要分支,它巨大的社会效益和经济效益越来越多地受到社会的关注。目前,光伏水泵系统中用到的变换器功能单一,市场占有率低,成本较高,这影响了光伏水泵系统的发展。本文针对光伏水泵系统的应用特点,结合电压空间矢量PWM技术(以下简称SVPWM)和感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制系统原理,对一种调速性能好、具有光伏水泵控制功能的新型变频调速系统进行了研究。
SVPWM技术将逆变器和感应电机视为一体。采用SVPWM技术的变频器具有输出转矩脉动量低、直流电压利用率高、开关损耗小、高速调速性能好等优点,适用于高性能电机调速系统。首先,本文从研究SVPWM优化调制方法出发,总结出了三种开关损耗小、适用于高频化逆变器的优化开关模式。其次,本文对SVPWM电压源逆变器应用于感应电机矢量控制系统进行探讨,实现了一种算法简单、应用方便的SVPWM电压源供电型感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制方案。然后,根据光伏水泵系统的应用特点,详细分析了CVT(Constant Voltage Tracking)和TMPPT(True Maximum Power Point Tracking)两种光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪方法的原理和优缺点,并深入探讨了这两种方法在感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制系统中的具体实现方法。最后,本文综合SVPWM电压源型感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制系统和光伏水泵系统的应用特点,设计了一种具有光伏水泵控制功能的新型变频调速系统的控制方案,并对系统进行了空载和负载仿真实验。
仿真实验表明:采用本文所提的控制方案,CVT最大功率工作点电压调节快,稳定无震荡,具有较好的动态响应性能和带负载能力。
The photovoltaic pump system has become an important part of solar energy application. Futhermore, with its tremendous social and economic advantages, the photovoltaic pump system has been getting more and more attention. Nowdays, converters used in the photovoltaic pump system give priority to special and lower power ones with single function, lower market share and high cost, which may affect the development of the photovoltaic pump system. In this paper, a new function inverter is developed, and it combines the characteristics of the photovoltaic pump system with the technologys of the inverters based on space-vector PWM(SVPWM) and vector-controlled induction motor.
SVPWM technique has many good qualities, such as less pulse ating torque, higher use ratio of DC bus voltage, less switching loss, better high-speed regulation performance, so it is applicable for the high-performance motor control system. Starting from optimizing the modulation performance, three kinds of optimal switching pattern of space-vector modulation were established. The vector control strategy of the space-vector PWM voltage source inverter-fed induction motor was studied later. A rotor-oriented control system of induction machine was advanced, whose arithmetic was simple and convenient to operate economically. And then, according to the theory of photovoltaic pump system and the tracking theories, advantages and disadvantages of CVT(Constant Voltage Tacking) and TMPPT(True Maximum Power Point Tracking) used in maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells were analyzed. These methods were realized in vector-controlled induction motor. At last, combined with the traits of vector-controlled induction motor and photovoltaic pump system, the control diagram of system was designed.
The simulation with both load and unload proved the scheme proposed in this paper could modulate the CVT voltage quickly and make it work stably. It showed the scheme was of the good characters both in load ability and dynamic operation.
SVPWM技术将逆变器和感应电机视为一体。采用SVPWM技术的变频器具有输出转矩脉动量低、直流电压利用率高、开关损耗小、高速调速性能好等优点,适用于高性能电机调速系统。首先,本文从研究SVPWM优化调制方法出发,总结出了三种开关损耗小、适用于高频化逆变器的优化开关模式。其次,本文对SVPWM电压源逆变器应用于感应电机矢量控制系统进行探讨,实现了一种算法简单、应用方便的SVPWM电压源供电型感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制方案。然后,根据光伏水泵系统的应用特点,详细分析了CVT(Constant Voltage Tracking)和TMPPT(True Maximum Power Point Tracking)两种光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪方法的原理和优缺点,并深入探讨了这两种方法在感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制系统中的具体实现方法。最后,本文综合SVPWM电压源型感应电机转子磁场定向矢量控制系统和光伏水泵系统的应用特点,设计了一种具有光伏水泵控制功能的新型变频调速系统的控制方案,并对系统进行了空载和负载仿真实验。
仿真实验表明:采用本文所提的控制方案,CVT最大功率工作点电压调节快,稳定无震荡,具有较好的动态响应性能和带负载能力。
The photovoltaic pump system has become an important part of solar energy application. Futhermore, with its tremendous social and economic advantages, the photovoltaic pump system has been getting more and more attention. Nowdays, converters used in the photovoltaic pump system give priority to special and lower power ones with single function, lower market share and high cost, which may affect the development of the photovoltaic pump system. In this paper, a new function inverter is developed, and it combines the characteristics of the photovoltaic pump system with the technologys of the inverters based on space-vector PWM(SVPWM) and vector-controlled induction motor.
SVPWM technique has many good qualities, such as less pulse ating torque, higher use ratio of DC bus voltage, less switching loss, better high-speed regulation performance, so it is applicable for the high-performance motor control system. Starting from optimizing the modulation performance, three kinds of optimal switching pattern of space-vector modulation were established. The vector control strategy of the space-vector PWM voltage source inverter-fed induction motor was studied later. A rotor-oriented control system of induction machine was advanced, whose arithmetic was simple and convenient to operate economically. And then, according to the theory of photovoltaic pump system and the tracking theories, advantages and disadvantages of CVT(Constant Voltage Tacking) and TMPPT(True Maximum Power Point Tracking) used in maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells were analyzed. These methods were realized in vector-controlled induction motor. At last, combined with the traits of vector-controlled induction motor and photovoltaic pump system, the control diagram of system was designed.
The simulation with both load and unload proved the scheme proposed in this paper could modulate the CVT voltage quickly and make it work stably. It showed the scheme was of the good characters both in load ability and dynamic operation.
引文
[1] 贺文涛.户用光伏水泵变频电源的研制:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006,12-33
[2] 李均升,王占奎.交流电机变频调速的市场与负载.变频技术应用,2006, (3):41-47
[3] 吴守篇,藏英杰.电气传动脉宽调制控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000, 194-200
[4] B.K.Bose.电力电子学与变频传动.姜建国等译.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 1999,33-36
[5] 陈新.基于 DSP 的变速恒频电源数字变换器平台:[南京航空航天大学博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2001,41-45
[6] 张雄伟,曹铁勇.DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2000, 12-20
[7] 陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.第 4 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,67-71
[8] 陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.第 3 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,123-130
[9] 昊忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,56-67
[10] 韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,65-73
[11] 黄凯频.展望通用变频器技术的发展.电子报,2006年3月26日
[12] V.Blasko. Analysis of a hybrid PWM based on modified space-vector and triangle-comparison method.IEEE Trans. Ind. Applications,1997,33(5): 756-764
[13] S.R.Bowes,Y.S.Lai. The relationship between space-vector modulation and regular-sampled PWM. IEEE Trans. Power Electron,1997,14(9):670-690
[14] J. Holtz. Pulse width modulation for electronic power conversion. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,1994,82(8):1194-1214
[15] Sanjay Lakshminarayanan,R.S.Kanchan. Multilevel inverter with 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector locations for induction motor drive. IEE Proc-Elcetr.Power Appl,2006,153(3):411-419
[16] McGrath,B.P.Holmes Optimized space vector switching sequences for multilevel inverters. IEEE Trans.Power Electronics,2003,18(6):1293-1301
[17] 陈国呈,金东海.关于 PWM 调制模式.电气传动,1990(4):55-58
[18] 胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,105-113
[19] 李燕,林岳忠.基于 DSP 的恒压频比控制 SVPWM 方式的研究和实现.计算技术与自动化,2003,23(4):67-69
[20] 王成元,周美文,郭庆鼎.矢量控制交流伺服驱动电动机.北京:机械工业出版社,1995,85-97
[21] 陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998,102-115
[22] De Doncker,R.W.Novotny.D.W. The Universal Field Oriented (UFO) control -ler. IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,1994,30(1):92-100
[23] De Doncker,R.W.Profumo,F.Pastorelli. Comparison of universal field oriented (UFO) controllers in different reference frames. IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 1995,10(2):205-213
[24] Ogasawara.S,Akagi.H.The generalized theory of indirect vector control for AC machines. IEE Trans. Industry Applications,1988,24(3):470-478
[25] Sorchini,Z. Formal derivation of direct torque control for induction machines. IEEE Trans.Power electronics, 2006, 38(5):1428-1436
[26] 高 景 德 ,王 祥 衍 ,李 发 海 . 交 流 电 机 及 其 系 统 分 析 . 北 京 :清 华 大 学 出 版社,2005,108-112
[27] 张志刚.通用变频器在光伏水泵系统中的应用.变频世界,2005,(1):82-83.
[28] 苏建徽.光伏水泵系统及其控制的研究:[合肥工业大学博士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003,25-38
[29] Raymond M.Hudson, Michael R.Behnke, Rick West Sigifred Gonzalez.Design consideration for three-phase grid connected photovolitaic inverter. IEEE Trans. Power Electron,2002,17(5):102-113
[30] 美琴,何慧若.一种估算独立光伏水泵系统配置的方法.农村能源,1996,(1): 56-62
[31] 刘凤君.逆变器用整流电源.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,123-135
[32] 王淑红,卢永杰 .基于智能功率模块的变频调速控制装置 .电机与控制应用,2007,31(9):9-12
[33] 陈国呈.PWM变频调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998,177-182
[34] 刘和平,严利平.TMS320LF24OXDSP结构、原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,1-14
[35] 李百余,张建文.P89C669的硬件I2C功能的实现.科技广场,2005,(8):110-112
[36] 李永东.交流电机数字控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2001,186-191
[37] 朱 林 鸿 . 用 DSP2407 以 及 正 交 编 码 信 号 实 现 电 机 测 速 . 浙 江 电力,2007,26(4):75-78.
[38] A.M.Hava,R.Kerkman,T.A.Lipo.A high-performance generalized discontinueo-us PWM algorithm.IEEE Trans.Ind. Application,2000,34(9):1059-1071
[39] 张燕宾.常用变频器功能手册. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004,59-66
[40] 金成日.多功能智能化高性能正弦波逆变电源的研究.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2003,83-99
[41] 李发海,陈汤铭,郑逢时等.电机学.北京:科学出版社,1999,123-129
[42] 张雄伟,曹铁勇.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2000, 77-82
[43] 鲍胜华.直流无刷电机驱动光伏水泵控制技术的研究:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003,34-36
[44] Salfur.Rahman,B.H.Chowdhury.Analysis of interrelationships between Photovo -litaic and battery storage for electric utility load management.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,3(3):1121-1129
[45] Pablo Sanchis,JesusL bpez,Alfredo Ursua.Electronic Controlled Device for the Analysis and Design of the Photovoltaic Systems.IEEE Power Electronics,2005, 3(2):956-1002
[46] 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.第四版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,162-165, 155-156
[2] 李均升,王占奎.交流电机变频调速的市场与负载.变频技术应用,2006, (3):41-47
[3] 吴守篇,藏英杰.电气传动脉宽调制控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000, 194-200
[4] B.K.Bose.电力电子学与变频传动.姜建国等译.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 1999,33-36
[5] 陈新.基于 DSP 的变速恒频电源数字变换器平台:[南京航空航天大学博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2001,41-45
[6] 张雄伟,曹铁勇.DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2000, 12-20
[7] 陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.第 4 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,67-71
[8] 陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.第 3 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,123-130
[9] 昊忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,56-67
[10] 韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,65-73
[11] 黄凯频.展望通用变频器技术的发展.电子报,2006年3月26日
[12] V.Blasko. Analysis of a hybrid PWM based on modified space-vector and triangle-comparison method.IEEE Trans. Ind. Applications,1997,33(5): 756-764
[13] S.R.Bowes,Y.S.Lai. The relationship between space-vector modulation and regular-sampled PWM. IEEE Trans. Power Electron,1997,14(9):670-690
[14] J. Holtz. Pulse width modulation for electronic power conversion. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,1994,82(8):1194-1214
[15] Sanjay Lakshminarayanan,R.S.Kanchan. Multilevel inverter with 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector locations for induction motor drive. IEE Proc-Elcetr.Power Appl,2006,153(3):411-419
[16] McGrath,B.P.Holmes Optimized space vector switching sequences for multilevel inverters. IEEE Trans.Power Electronics,2003,18(6):1293-1301
[17] 陈国呈,金东海.关于 PWM 调制模式.电气传动,1990(4):55-58
[18] 胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,105-113
[19] 李燕,林岳忠.基于 DSP 的恒压频比控制 SVPWM 方式的研究和实现.计算技术与自动化,2003,23(4):67-69
[20] 王成元,周美文,郭庆鼎.矢量控制交流伺服驱动电动机.北京:机械工业出版社,1995,85-97
[21] 陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998,102-115
[22] De Doncker,R.W.Novotny.D.W. The Universal Field Oriented (UFO) control -ler. IEEE Trans.Industry Applications,1994,30(1):92-100
[23] De Doncker,R.W.Profumo,F.Pastorelli. Comparison of universal field oriented (UFO) controllers in different reference frames. IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 1995,10(2):205-213
[24] Ogasawara.S,Akagi.H.The generalized theory of indirect vector control for AC machines. IEE Trans. Industry Applications,1988,24(3):470-478
[25] Sorchini,Z. Formal derivation of direct torque control for induction machines. IEEE Trans.Power electronics, 2006, 38(5):1428-1436
[26] 高 景 德 ,王 祥 衍 ,李 发 海 . 交 流 电 机 及 其 系 统 分 析 . 北 京 :清 华 大 学 出 版社,2005,108-112
[27] 张志刚.通用变频器在光伏水泵系统中的应用.变频世界,2005,(1):82-83.
[28] 苏建徽.光伏水泵系统及其控制的研究:[合肥工业大学博士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003,25-38
[29] Raymond M.Hudson, Michael R.Behnke, Rick West Sigifred Gonzalez.Design consideration for three-phase grid connected photovolitaic inverter. IEEE Trans. Power Electron,2002,17(5):102-113
[30] 美琴,何慧若.一种估算独立光伏水泵系统配置的方法.农村能源,1996,(1): 56-62
[31] 刘凤君.逆变器用整流电源.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,123-135
[32] 王淑红,卢永杰 .基于智能功率模块的变频调速控制装置 .电机与控制应用,2007,31(9):9-12
[33] 陈国呈.PWM变频调速技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998,177-182
[34] 刘和平,严利平.TMS320LF24OXDSP结构、原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,1-14
[35] 李百余,张建文.P89C669的硬件I2C功能的实现.科技广场,2005,(8):110-112
[36] 李永东.交流电机数字控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2001,186-191
[37] 朱 林 鸿 . 用 DSP2407 以 及 正 交 编 码 信 号 实 现 电 机 测 速 . 浙 江 电力,2007,26(4):75-78.
[38] A.M.Hava,R.Kerkman,T.A.Lipo.A high-performance generalized discontinueo-us PWM algorithm.IEEE Trans.Ind. Application,2000,34(9):1059-1071
[39] 张燕宾.常用变频器功能手册. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004,59-66
[40] 金成日.多功能智能化高性能正弦波逆变电源的研究.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2003,83-99
[41] 李发海,陈汤铭,郑逢时等.电机学.北京:科学出版社,1999,123-129
[42] 张雄伟,曹铁勇.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2000, 77-82
[43] 鲍胜华.直流无刷电机驱动光伏水泵控制技术的研究:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003,34-36
[44] Salfur.Rahman,B.H.Chowdhury.Analysis of interrelationships between Photovo -litaic and battery storage for electric utility load management.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,3(3):1121-1129
[45] Pablo Sanchis,JesusL bpez,Alfredo Ursua.Electronic Controlled Device for the Analysis and Design of the Photovoltaic Systems.IEEE Power Electronics,2005, 3(2):956-1002
[46] 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.第四版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,162-165, 155-156