本质安全型可燃性气体探测器的研究
摘要
随着可燃性气体应用范围的增加,可燃性气体的泄漏事故日益增多。若泄漏的可燃性气体未被及时发现,而使其浓度不断增加,当到达一定的爆炸极限是就可能引起火灾爆炸事故,对生命财产造成严重的危害。因此,研制一种性能稳定、测量精度高的可燃性气体探测器是十分必要的。
根据设计要求和成本等因素,本文选用KC-1型催化燃烧式可燃气体传感器对可燃性气体的浓度进行检测。采用ATmega128型单片机作为中央处理单元,完成对浓度信号的采集、处理、显示以及报警等工作。
本文详细的阐述了可燃性气体探测器的软件和硬件设计。介绍了直流稳压电源、安全栅、前置放大电路的设计。并且根据本质安全电路的要求,对处于危险场所中的电路的每一个结点进行检验,以确保电路的本质安全性。防止因为电路设计不当而引起爆炸。文中还介绍了核心芯片的选型,以及外围电路和主要流程图的设计。外围电路主要包括故障自诊断电路、单片机接口电路、声音报警电路、状态指示灯电路和浓度显示电路。系统软件流程主要分为主程序、初始化子程序、故障自诊断子程序、浓度显示子程序、报警子程序等。
本文设计的本质安全型可燃性气体探测器可以对空气中可燃性气体的浓度进行实时的检测,并且将浓度值显示在仪表盘上。当空气中的可燃性气体浓度值达到或超过限定浓度时,报警器发出报警。通过实验表明,该探测器可以实时准确的检测可燃性气体的浓度值,并且运行稳定,有较高的实用价值。
With the rapid increase of combustible gas applied range, the leakage of combustible gas is more often. If combustible gas is not detected immediately and accumulates to the blast limit, it can lead to fire and blast. It can endanger the property and human life. So it is necessary to develop a new type of combustible gas detector.
According to the design requirements, cost and other factors, we choose the KC-1 catalytic combustion gas sensor to measure the concentration of combustible gas. We choose ATmega128 as the core part of combustible gas alarm instrument. It is used to get, process and display the signal.
This paper discusses the combustible gas detector instrument hardware circuit and software program design in detail, introduces the design of the DC power supply, the safety barrier and the preamplifier. And to ensure that the circuits are safe, we check the every node in the circuits. This paper also introduces the core chip, interface with external circuit and central flow chart. The hardware circuit mainly includes malfunction self-diagnosing circuit, MCU interface circuit, sound alarm circuit, light control circuit and display circuit. The applied software are composed by main program flow, initial subprogram flow, malfunction self-diagnosing subprogram flow, concentration disposal subprogram flow, alarm subprogram flow and so on.
This combustible gas detector can detect the concentration of combustible gas, and displays the value of concentration on the instrument. When combustible gas reaches alarm threshold value, the instrument sends out sound and light alarm. The combustible gas detector instrument has got past the test and got a satisfying result. It has a high practical value.
根据设计要求和成本等因素,本文选用KC-1型催化燃烧式可燃气体传感器对可燃性气体的浓度进行检测。采用ATmega128型单片机作为中央处理单元,完成对浓度信号的采集、处理、显示以及报警等工作。
本文详细的阐述了可燃性气体探测器的软件和硬件设计。介绍了直流稳压电源、安全栅、前置放大电路的设计。并且根据本质安全电路的要求,对处于危险场所中的电路的每一个结点进行检验,以确保电路的本质安全性。防止因为电路设计不当而引起爆炸。文中还介绍了核心芯片的选型,以及外围电路和主要流程图的设计。外围电路主要包括故障自诊断电路、单片机接口电路、声音报警电路、状态指示灯电路和浓度显示电路。系统软件流程主要分为主程序、初始化子程序、故障自诊断子程序、浓度显示子程序、报警子程序等。
本文设计的本质安全型可燃性气体探测器可以对空气中可燃性气体的浓度进行实时的检测,并且将浓度值显示在仪表盘上。当空气中的可燃性气体浓度值达到或超过限定浓度时,报警器发出报警。通过实验表明,该探测器可以实时准确的检测可燃性气体的浓度值,并且运行稳定,有较高的实用价值。
With the rapid increase of combustible gas applied range, the leakage of combustible gas is more often. If combustible gas is not detected immediately and accumulates to the blast limit, it can lead to fire and blast. It can endanger the property and human life. So it is necessary to develop a new type of combustible gas detector.
According to the design requirements, cost and other factors, we choose the KC-1 catalytic combustion gas sensor to measure the concentration of combustible gas. We choose ATmega128 as the core part of combustible gas alarm instrument. It is used to get, process and display the signal.
This paper discusses the combustible gas detector instrument hardware circuit and software program design in detail, introduces the design of the DC power supply, the safety barrier and the preamplifier. And to ensure that the circuits are safe, we check the every node in the circuits. This paper also introduces the core chip, interface with external circuit and central flow chart. The hardware circuit mainly includes malfunction self-diagnosing circuit, MCU interface circuit, sound alarm circuit, light control circuit and display circuit. The applied software are composed by main program flow, initial subprogram flow, malfunction self-diagnosing subprogram flow, concentration disposal subprogram flow, alarm subprogram flow and so on.
This combustible gas detector can detect the concentration of combustible gas, and displays the value of concentration on the instrument. When combustible gas reaches alarm threshold value, the instrument sends out sound and light alarm. The combustible gas detector instrument has got past the test and got a satisfying result. It has a high practical value.
引文
[1]卢文科.电子检测技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:114-137.
[2]陈连生.可燃性气体探测器及其设置安装要领.石油工程建设出版社,1996:1-3
[3]Dae Sik Lee,Jeung Soo Huh,Duk Dong Lee.Classifying Combustible Gases Using Micro-gas Sensor Array.Sensors and Actuators.2003:1-6
[4]彭军.传感器与检测技术.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:263-315
[5]De Salvo B,Ghibaudo G.Pananakak is Getal.Experimental and theoretical investigation of nonvolatile memory data-retention.IEEE Trans Electron Devices.1999,46:15-18
[6]张保卫,尚家峰,赵金水.燃气报警器的分类与选择.山东消防出版社,2003:1-2
[7]王玉田,刘瑾,杨海马.光纤光栅调制式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.传感技术学报,2003(3):1-3
[8]蔡可芬,庄牧林.燃气报警器质量分析评估.传感器技术,1999,18(4):2-2
[9]李永生,杨莉玲.半导体气敏元件的选择性研究.传感器技术,2002(3):1-3
[10]王化祥,任恩明,郝魁红.可燃性气体检测报警控制仪.仪器与仪表,2002(4):19
[11]王绍中.可燃性气体检测之探头及传感变送器.炼油化工自动化,1994(2):75-76
[12]陈东云,杜敬仓,任柯燕.Atmegal28单片机原理与丌发指导.机械工业出版社,2006:1-9
[13]徐海龙,侯少峰,任永强,张力.基于TL431的直流稳压电源设计.仪器仪表用户,2003:13-14
[14]石芸,王聪.本质安全电源电路原理及保护措施.电源世界,2007:25-28
[15]郑安平,宋玉强.矿井直流稳压电源的设计.工矿自动化,2009(2):1-2
[16]唐红.矿用本质安全型稳压电源.贵阳学院学报,2008(1):31-34
[17]王磊,李振璧.一种新型的本质安全型电源.2008(2):82-84
[18]高京卫,李军,韩毅.基于ADuC812单片机的可燃性气体监测报警仪的设 计.现代电子技术,2008(2):189-191
[19]潘小青,黎定国.基于P89LPC935的可燃次那个气体检测报警系统的设计.江西理工大学学报,2007(4):32-34
[20]潘小青,黎定国,刘红兵,刘庆成.简易可燃气体浓度监测仪设计.华东理工学院学报,2007(3):257-260
[21]吕金焕,刘泉海,李梅.直流稳压电源设计方案.电工技术,2003(11):64-65
[22]卢文科.实用电子测量技术及其电路精解.国防工业出版社,2000:191-195
[23]张燕美,李维坚.本质安全电路设计.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992:45-82.
[24]GB3836.4-83关于爆炸性环境电气设备本质安全型电路和电气设备“i”的规定.北京:中国标准出版社,1983
[25]GB15322-03可燃气体探测器技术要求和试验方法.北京:中国标准出版社,2003
[2]陈连生.可燃性气体探测器及其设置安装要领.石油工程建设出版社,1996:1-3
[3]Dae Sik Lee,Jeung Soo Huh,Duk Dong Lee.Classifying Combustible Gases Using Micro-gas Sensor Array.Sensors and Actuators.2003:1-6
[4]彭军.传感器与检测技术.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:263-315
[5]De Salvo B,Ghibaudo G.Pananakak is Getal.Experimental and theoretical investigation of nonvolatile memory data-retention.IEEE Trans Electron Devices.1999,46:15-18
[6]张保卫,尚家峰,赵金水.燃气报警器的分类与选择.山东消防出版社,2003:1-2
[7]王玉田,刘瑾,杨海马.光纤光栅调制式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.传感技术学报,2003(3):1-3
[8]蔡可芬,庄牧林.燃气报警器质量分析评估.传感器技术,1999,18(4):2-2
[9]李永生,杨莉玲.半导体气敏元件的选择性研究.传感器技术,2002(3):1-3
[10]王化祥,任恩明,郝魁红.可燃性气体检测报警控制仪.仪器与仪表,2002(4):19
[11]王绍中.可燃性气体检测之探头及传感变送器.炼油化工自动化,1994(2):75-76
[12]陈东云,杜敬仓,任柯燕.Atmegal28单片机原理与丌发指导.机械工业出版社,2006:1-9
[13]徐海龙,侯少峰,任永强,张力.基于TL431的直流稳压电源设计.仪器仪表用户,2003:13-14
[14]石芸,王聪.本质安全电源电路原理及保护措施.电源世界,2007:25-28
[15]郑安平,宋玉强.矿井直流稳压电源的设计.工矿自动化,2009(2):1-2
[16]唐红.矿用本质安全型稳压电源.贵阳学院学报,2008(1):31-34
[17]王磊,李振璧.一种新型的本质安全型电源.2008(2):82-84
[18]高京卫,李军,韩毅.基于ADuC812单片机的可燃性气体监测报警仪的设 计.现代电子技术,2008(2):189-191
[19]潘小青,黎定国.基于P89LPC935的可燃次那个气体检测报警系统的设计.江西理工大学学报,2007(4):32-34
[20]潘小青,黎定国,刘红兵,刘庆成.简易可燃气体浓度监测仪设计.华东理工学院学报,2007(3):257-260
[21]吕金焕,刘泉海,李梅.直流稳压电源设计方案.电工技术,2003(11):64-65
[22]卢文科.实用电子测量技术及其电路精解.国防工业出版社,2000:191-195
[23]张燕美,李维坚.本质安全电路设计.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992:45-82.
[24]GB3836.4-83关于爆炸性环境电气设备本质安全型电路和电气设备“i”的规定.北京:中国标准出版社,1983
[25]GB15322-03可燃气体探测器技术要求和试验方法.北京:中国标准出版社,2003