大学生英语语音能力重要性的实证研究
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摘要
语言是人类交流的工具,特别是有声语言通过声音来传达信息,因此,发声的准确性就起了很重要的作用。直到今天,语音教学的研究逐渐引起人们的关注。然而,语音能力在英语教学中经常被认为无足轻重。从学生的角度来说,在英语学习过程中遇到了更多的困难和产生更多的错误,特别是在语音方面。较弱的语音能力阻碍了学生其它语言技能的发展,如词汇、语法和阅读。
这篇论文意图从三个方面来阐述这些问题:1)语音能力对于相关语言能力如语法、词汇、阅读的影响;2)目前语音教学存在的问题;3)分析原因及提出解决方法。
因此,用两种方法来证明这些问题:1)测试语音(附录Ⅰ&Ⅱ)、语法(附录Ⅲ)、词汇和阅读能力(附录Ⅳ),测试在2008年1月进行,以此来证明语音能力是英语语言能力不可或缺的一部分;2)问卷调查(附录Ⅹ&Ⅺ):2008年1月对厦门海洋职业技术学院129名大学新生进行问卷调查,调查学生进入大学前英语语音学习的经历。
随着越来越多的研究者和教师意识到语音能力的重要作用,英语语言学习的情况将会越来越好。
Language is the tool for human communication,in particular,vocal language expresses information through sounds.So the accuracy of the sounds plays an important role.To this day,the interest in the research on phonological teaching and learning has gradually drawn people's attention.However,phonological competence often seems to be deemed as something that little attention is given to in English teaching.And on the students' side,they encounter more difficulties and generate more errors in English learning,particularly on the phonological aspect.Poor phonological competence hindered the development of students' other language skills,such as vocabulary,grammar and reading skills.
The thesis intends to explore the problems from three aspects:1) the effect of the phnological competence on the corresponding language competence,vocabulary, grammar and reading;2) the existing problems on the current phonological teaching and learning;3) causes analyses and suggested countermeasures.
To be a proof,two instruments were employed to explore the problems:1) tests for phonological competence(see AppendixⅠ&Ⅱ),grammar competence(see AppendixⅢ),vocabulary competence and reading competence(see AppendixⅣ), were performed in January 2008 to prove that phonological competence is an indispensable part to English language competence;2) a questionnaire(see AppendixⅩ&Ⅺ) was administered in January 2008 to the 129 freshmen of Xiamen Ocean Vocational & Technical College to study the students' English phonological learning experiences before college.
With more and more researchers and teachers realizing the important role of English phonological competence,the situation has been changing for the better.
这篇论文意图从三个方面来阐述这些问题:1)语音能力对于相关语言能力如语法、词汇、阅读的影响;2)目前语音教学存在的问题;3)分析原因及提出解决方法。
因此,用两种方法来证明这些问题:1)测试语音(附录Ⅰ&Ⅱ)、语法(附录Ⅲ)、词汇和阅读能力(附录Ⅳ),测试在2008年1月进行,以此来证明语音能力是英语语言能力不可或缺的一部分;2)问卷调查(附录Ⅹ&Ⅺ):2008年1月对厦门海洋职业技术学院129名大学新生进行问卷调查,调查学生进入大学前英语语音学习的经历。
随着越来越多的研究者和教师意识到语音能力的重要作用,英语语言学习的情况将会越来越好。
Language is the tool for human communication,in particular,vocal language expresses information through sounds.So the accuracy of the sounds plays an important role.To this day,the interest in the research on phonological teaching and learning has gradually drawn people's attention.However,phonological competence often seems to be deemed as something that little attention is given to in English teaching.And on the students' side,they encounter more difficulties and generate more errors in English learning,particularly on the phonological aspect.Poor phonological competence hindered the development of students' other language skills,such as vocabulary,grammar and reading skills.
The thesis intends to explore the problems from three aspects:1) the effect of the phnological competence on the corresponding language competence,vocabulary, grammar and reading;2) the existing problems on the current phonological teaching and learning;3) causes analyses and suggested countermeasures.
To be a proof,two instruments were employed to explore the problems:1) tests for phonological competence(see AppendixⅠ&Ⅱ),grammar competence(see AppendixⅢ),vocabulary competence and reading competence(see AppendixⅣ), were performed in January 2008 to prove that phonological competence is an indispensable part to English language competence;2) a questionnaire(see AppendixⅩ&Ⅺ) was administered in January 2008 to the 129 freshmen of Xiamen Ocean Vocational & Technical College to study the students' English phonological learning experiences before college.
With more and more researchers and teachers realizing the important role of English phonological competence,the situation has been changing for the better.
引文
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[37]Sinclair,J.Corpus,Concordance,Collocation[M].Oxofrd:Oxford University Press,1997.
[38]Tang Lixing.TEFL in China:Methods and Techniques[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1983.
[39]Wang Zhenchao.Vocabulary Test:A Word Association Approach[D].Zhejiang University,2006.
[40]William,Littlewood.Communicative Language Teaching[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[41]Williams,Marion & Burden,Robert L.(Reviewed by Liu Xuehui).Psychology for Language Teachers:a Social Constructivist Approach[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[42]Xiang Hong.A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Pronunciation at the Segmental Level[D].Hunan Normal University,2001.
[43]Zhang Lihua.Linguistic and Psychological Analysis on Word Selection and Specification of Word List[D].University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2002.
[44]葆青.使用英语音[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[45]戴炜栋,何兆熊.新编简明英语语言学教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出社,2002.
[46]韩宝成.外语教学科研中的统计方法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000.
[47]何善芬.实用英语语音学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1992.
[48]黄素华.科学公正地测试学生的口语能力[A].载邹申编.英语语言测试[C].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998.
[49]黄怡俐.外语教学理论与实践[M].开封:河南大学出版社,2006.
[50]王初明.自我概念与外语语音学习假设[J],北京:外语教学与研究,2004(1)a.
[51]王蔷,程晓堂.英语教学法教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[52]汪榕培,卢晓鹃.英语词汇学教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997.
[53]杨忠.语言学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[54]章扬恕.20000 英语常用词词典[Z].北京:中国国际广播出版社,1990.
[2]Alderson,J.C.(Reviewed by Yang Huizhong).Language Test Construction and Evaluation[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[3]Anderson,R.C.& P.Freebody.Vocabulary knowledge[M].Newark.DE.International Reading Association,1981.
[4]Bachrnan,L.Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1999.
[5]Brown.J,D.Testing in Language Programs,a Comprehensive Guide to English Language Assessment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[6]Canale M & Swain M.Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing[J].Applied Linguistic,1980,1(1).
[7]Carroll,D.W.(Reviewed by Gui Shichun,Dong Yanpin).Psycholinguistics[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[8]Celee-Murcia,M.& Goodwin,J.M.Teaching Pronunciation.Celce-Murcia,M.(ed.) Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language[M].New York:Newburry House,1991.
[9]Clark,J.& Yallop,C.An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology(2~(nd)ed.)[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,2000.
[10]Cook,V.Second Language Learning and Language Teaching(2(nd) ed.)[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & Edward Arnold (Publishers) Limited,2000.
[11]Cruttenden,A.Gimson's Pronunciation of English(6~(th) ed.)[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & Edward Arnold(publishers) Limited, 2001.
[12]Ellis,R.Understanding Second Language Acquisition[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign:Language Education Press,1999.
[13]Garman,Michael.Psycholinguistics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2002.
[14]Harmer,J.How to Teach English[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[15]Heaton,J.B.Writing English Language Tests[M].New York:Longman Group UK Limited,1988.
[16]Henderson,L.On Mental Representation of Morphology and Its Diagnosis by Measures of Visual Access Speed,in Lexical Representation and Process by W.Marslen-Wilson(ed.)[C].Cambridge:MIT Press,1989.
[17]Henriksen,B.Three Dimensions of Vocabulary Development[J].Studies in Second Language Acquisition 21,1999.
[18]He Weiqiong.An EFL Reading Experiment with University Students:Effects of Reader's Topic Knowledge,Task Types and Test Performance[D].Fuzhou University,2006.
[19]Huang Xiaoying.A Tentative analysis of Common Errors in Oral English from the Perspective of Phonetics[D].Xi'an Electrical Technological University,2001.
[20]Hughes,Arthur.(Reviewed by Lin Li).Testing for Language Teachers.[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[21]Johnson,K.& Johnson,H.Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics:A Handbook for Language Teaching[M].Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1999.
[22]Kenworthy,J.Teaching English Pronunciation[M].Washington D.C:TESOL,1987.
[23]Lane,H.B.,Pullen,P.C.,Eisele,M.R.& Jordan,L.Preventing Reading Failure:Phonological Awareness Assessment and Instruction Preventing School Failure[M].Academic Research Library,2002.
[24]Liberman,A.M & Mattingly,I.G.The Motor Theory of Speech Perception Revised[J].Cognition,1985.
[25]Li Zhi.Study on English Mental Lexicon of Chinese EFL Learners[D].Jilin University,2006.
[26]Madson,H.8,Jones.R.Classification of Oral Proficiency Tests,in The Construct Validation of Tests of Communicative Competence byA.S.Palmer,P.J.M.Groot,and G A.Trosper(ed.)[M].Washington DC:TESOL,1981.
[27]McDonough Jo & McDonough Steven.(Reviewed by Liu Runqing).Research Methods for English Language Teachers[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[28]Nan Jiang.Lexical Representation and Development in a Second Language[J].Applied Linguistics.Vol.21,2000.
[29]Nation,I.S.P.Teaching and Learning Vocabulary[M].New York:Newbury House,1990.
[30]Paulston,C.B.& Bruder,M.N.Teaching English as a Second Language:Techniques and Procedures[M].Massachusetts:Winthrop Publishers,Inc.,1976.
[31]Richards,Jack C.The Context of Language Teaching[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2001,F30.
[32]Richards,J.C.English Teaching in Its Social Context[M].London:Routledge,2001.
[33]Richards,J.G.& Rodgers,T.S.Approaches andMethods in Language Teaching [M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & Cambridge University Press,2000.
[34]Richard,Veit.Discovering English Grammar[M].Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company,1986.
[35]Roach,P.English Phonetics and Phonology:A Practical Course(2~(nd)ed.)[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & Cambridge University Press,2000.
[36]Scovel,Thomas.Psycholinguistics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2000.
[37]Sinclair,J.Corpus,Concordance,Collocation[M].Oxofrd:Oxford University Press,1997.
[38]Tang Lixing.TEFL in China:Methods and Techniques[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1983.
[39]Wang Zhenchao.Vocabulary Test:A Word Association Approach[D].Zhejiang University,2006.
[40]William,Littlewood.Communicative Language Teaching[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[41]Williams,Marion & Burden,Robert L.(Reviewed by Liu Xuehui).Psychology for Language Teachers:a Social Constructivist Approach[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
[42]Xiang Hong.A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Pronunciation at the Segmental Level[D].Hunan Normal University,2001.
[43]Zhang Lihua.Linguistic and Psychological Analysis on Word Selection and Specification of Word List[D].University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2002.
[44]葆青.使用英语音[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[45]戴炜栋,何兆熊.新编简明英语语言学教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出社,2002.
[46]韩宝成.外语教学科研中的统计方法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000.
[47]何善芬.实用英语语音学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1992.
[48]黄素华.科学公正地测试学生的口语能力[A].载邹申编.英语语言测试[C].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998.
[49]黄怡俐.外语教学理论与实践[M].开封:河南大学出版社,2006.
[50]王初明.自我概念与外语语音学习假设[J],北京:外语教学与研究,2004(1)a.
[51]王蔷,程晓堂.英语教学法教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[52]汪榕培,卢晓鹃.英语词汇学教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997.
[53]杨忠.语言学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[54]章扬恕.20000 英语常用词词典[Z].北京:中国国际广播出版社,1990.