针对超声影像的辅助诊断技术及信息管理系统的设计
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摘要
近年来PACS和HIS、LIS的迅速发展为医院的信息化建设提供了坚实的理论基础,三者在全院范围内的信息共享更是为提高整体医护人员的工作效率和诊断质量作出了贡献。然而对具体的科室部门来说却不可避免地存在着信息重叠和资源浪费的问题,重复输入也无法保证数据的一致性。解决的办法是针对不同科室建立相应的子系统如超声子系统、手术室、病理、检验等系统,将HIS、LIS和PACS中的有效信息一体化、集成化,客观准确地为医生在第一时间里提供病人的基本信息、检验结果及各种影像报告。本文主要针对超声系统的需求进行研究,按照超声诊断的读图->图像处理->数据入库管理的流程顺序介绍了两部分内容:针对超声影像的辅助诊断技术和诊断信息管理系统的设计。
首先介绍DICOM文件的构成分析、解码思路和实验结论,解决图像显示的基本问题;然后针对超声影像诊断过程的需要给出几种辅助处理,包括伪彩、测量以及基于Gabor环的改进特征提取等的算法说明和实验结果。特征提取中针对用一个中心频率来描述一种纹理对能量集中在多个频率点的纹理图像往往不能取得理想的效果的不足,提出一种根据频谱特征值向量构造Gabor环的改进方法,通过松弛因子的加入改变不同滤波器的作用强度,综合考虑多频率多相位对纹理特征提取的影响,并给出实验数据分析。
最后介绍超声诊断信息管理系统的设计过程,按照一般的设计步骤介绍了系统的框架分析、概念结构设计、逻辑结构设计和应用程序设计等内容,并给出了数据库的E-R图和程序流程作为说明,最后给出系统的主界面。系统的预约登记、信息分类、查询统计功能,基本达到将HIS、LIS、PACS三者有效信息集成化和一体化的目的。
The rapid development of PACS、HIS and LIS has built a solid theory base of the info-construction in hospital, and the share in these three systems contributes a great efficiency and quality to hospital affairs. But there are still many problems such as information repeating、resource wasting and lack of consistency in application to some certain departments. The way to solve it is to establish some corresponding subsystems like ultrasonic、surgery and so on, integrating all the necessary parts among PACS、HIS and LIS, and giving the basic information and catamnesis in the first time. This thesis aimed at ultrasonic section and the main contents of this research is made up of two parts: the auxiliary technologies of ultrasonic diagnosis and the design of information management system.
At first introduced the structure of DICOM files and the method of decoding first , then gave the experimental conclusion , solving the basic problem of image display; subsequent content is several image manipulation , including the arithmetic illustration and the experiment results; finally an arithmetic for getting image characters was brought forward , which is based upon Gabor ring: enhanced the convergence characteristic by combining the different frequency and phasing filters with a group of relaxation factors , then analyzed and evaluated the result of experiment.
In the last part mainly introduced the design of information management system for ultrasonic diagnosis, contents including the system E-R model and program diagram, then gave the main interface of the system. The system provides basic function to enregister、classify and query , has basically achieved the goal of integrating the necessary parts among PACS、HIS and LIS.
首先介绍DICOM文件的构成分析、解码思路和实验结论,解决图像显示的基本问题;然后针对超声影像诊断过程的需要给出几种辅助处理,包括伪彩、测量以及基于Gabor环的改进特征提取等的算法说明和实验结果。特征提取中针对用一个中心频率来描述一种纹理对能量集中在多个频率点的纹理图像往往不能取得理想的效果的不足,提出一种根据频谱特征值向量构造Gabor环的改进方法,通过松弛因子的加入改变不同滤波器的作用强度,综合考虑多频率多相位对纹理特征提取的影响,并给出实验数据分析。
最后介绍超声诊断信息管理系统的设计过程,按照一般的设计步骤介绍了系统的框架分析、概念结构设计、逻辑结构设计和应用程序设计等内容,并给出了数据库的E-R图和程序流程作为说明,最后给出系统的主界面。系统的预约登记、信息分类、查询统计功能,基本达到将HIS、LIS、PACS三者有效信息集成化和一体化的目的。
The rapid development of PACS、HIS and LIS has built a solid theory base of the info-construction in hospital, and the share in these three systems contributes a great efficiency and quality to hospital affairs. But there are still many problems such as information repeating、resource wasting and lack of consistency in application to some certain departments. The way to solve it is to establish some corresponding subsystems like ultrasonic、surgery and so on, integrating all the necessary parts among PACS、HIS and LIS, and giving the basic information and catamnesis in the first time. This thesis aimed at ultrasonic section and the main contents of this research is made up of two parts: the auxiliary technologies of ultrasonic diagnosis and the design of information management system.
At first introduced the structure of DICOM files and the method of decoding first , then gave the experimental conclusion , solving the basic problem of image display; subsequent content is several image manipulation , including the arithmetic illustration and the experiment results; finally an arithmetic for getting image characters was brought forward , which is based upon Gabor ring: enhanced the convergence characteristic by combining the different frequency and phasing filters with a group of relaxation factors , then analyzed and evaluated the result of experiment.
In the last part mainly introduced the design of information management system for ultrasonic diagnosis, contents including the system E-R model and program diagram, then gave the main interface of the system. The system provides basic function to enregister、classify and query , has basically achieved the goal of integrating the necessary parts among PACS、HIS and LIS.
引文
[1] 吴国胜,PACS 的基本构成及实施过程中的若干技术问题的探讨,医用放射技术杂志,2004,1(1):6-7
[2] H.K.Huang,Some historical remarks on picture archiving and communication systems,Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 2003,27:93-99
[3] Arenson RL,Picture archiving and communication systems in the United States, Curr Opin Radiol., 1992,4(5):11-5
[4] 吴连峰,数字化医院的发展建设,科技资讯,2006,22(2):240
[5] 李刚荣,李书章,刘国祥等,医院信息化系统的建设与应用,重庆医学,2004,33(8):1279
[6] 黄立慧,钟琦,关于医院信息化建设的探讨,赣南医学院学报,2004,24(6):796
[7] 赵京生,信息化建设在医院管理中的作用,实用医药杂志,2004,21(1):68-69
[8] 李湘平,医院信息化管理的现状与前景,医学信息,2004,17:74-75
[9] Wong,Stephen TC,Huang H K,Design methods and architectural issues of integrated medical image data base systems,Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics,2004,Jul-Aug:285-299
[10] 童明杰,胡大可,认知医学数字图像通讯标准-DICOM,国外医学生物医学工程分册,1999,22:303-320
[11] National Electrical Manufacturers Association,Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine(DIC0M),2003
[12] 陈 戏 墨 ,PACS 中 的 DICOM 标 准 分 析 及 应 用 [J], 医 学 信息,2004,17(4):190-193
[13] 梁 玉 红 , 伪 彩 色 技 术 在 超 声 无 损 检 测 中 的 应 用 , 锅 炉 制造,2006,2(2):70-71
[14] 工业 CT 图像的自动测量, http://www.0net.cn/element/11205.html
[15] Bovik M Clark,Geisler W S,Multichannel texture analysis using localized spatial filters[J].IEEE Trans PAMI,1990,12(1):55-73
[16] Dunn F D,Higgins W E,Optimal Gabor filters for texture segmentation[J],IEEE TransIP,1995,4(7):947-964
[17] Weldon TT, Higgins W E,Efficient Gabor filter design for texture segmentation [J],Pattern Recognition,1996,29(12):2005-2015
[18] D J Field,Relations Between the Statistics of Natural Images and the Response Properties of Cortical Cells[J],Joural of Optical Society of America,1987,4(12):2379-2394
[19] 盛文,柳健,基于马尔科夫随机场模型和函数连接网络的纹理分类方法[J],红外与激光工程,2000,29(2):1-4
[20] 吴高洪,章毓晋,林行刚,分割双纹理图像的最佳 Gabor 滤波器设计方法[J],电子学报,2001,29(1):48-50
[21] Webster M A,Valois R L De,Relationship between spatial frequency and orientation tuning of striate cortex cells[J], Joural of Optical Society of America,1985,A2(7):895-902
[22] Weldon T E,Higgins W E,An Algorithm for Designing M ultiple Gabor Filters for Segmenting Multi—Textured Images[A],Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 98[C],1998,3:333-337
[23] Dunn D,Higgins W E,Wakeley J,Texture Segmentation Using 2-D Gabor Elementary Functions[J],IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1994,16(2):130-149
[24] Acharyya M,Kundu M K,An adaptive approach to unsupervised texture segmentation using M-Band wavelet tran sform [J],Signal Processing,2001:l337-1356
[25] Ng I,Tan Kittler J,on Loc al Linear Transform and Gabor filter Representation of Texture[A] , Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition[C],1992:627-631
[26] 盛文,夏斌,基于 Gabor 环滤波的纹理分割方法,红外与激光工程,2003(5):484-488
[27] Fu Yi-ping,Li Zhi-neng,Yuan Ding,Edge detection with optimized gabor filter [J],Journal of Computer Aided Design & Computer Garphics,2004,16(4):481—486
[28] Bodnarova A,Bennamoun M,Latham S,Optimal Gabor filters for textile flaw etection [J],Pattern Recognition,2002,35(12):2973-2991
[29] Tsai D M,W u S K,Automated surface inspection using Gabor filters [J],The ernational Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2000,16(7):474-482
[30] Gong Yu-nan,Hua Jian-xing,Huang Xiu—bao,Regular texture defect detection based on matched gabor filter[J],Journal of Image and Graphics,2001,6(7):624-628
[31] 李厚强,王超,叶中付,王劲松,一种改进的基于 Gabor 滤波器的纹理分割方法,电路与系统学报,2003,8(6):82-86
[32] de Boney J S,Multiresolution sampling procedure for analysis and synthesis of texture image[A],In : Co mputer Graphics Proceedings,Annual Co nference Series,ACM SIGGRAPH,Los Angeles,California,1997,361-368
[33] 中国医院信息化建设,http://www.hfkqyy.com/yyxx7.htm
[2] H.K.Huang,Some historical remarks on picture archiving and communication systems,Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 2003,27:93-99
[3] Arenson RL,Picture archiving and communication systems in the United States, Curr Opin Radiol., 1992,4(5):11-5
[4] 吴连峰,数字化医院的发展建设,科技资讯,2006,22(2):240
[5] 李刚荣,李书章,刘国祥等,医院信息化系统的建设与应用,重庆医学,2004,33(8):1279
[6] 黄立慧,钟琦,关于医院信息化建设的探讨,赣南医学院学报,2004,24(6):796
[7] 赵京生,信息化建设在医院管理中的作用,实用医药杂志,2004,21(1):68-69
[8] 李湘平,医院信息化管理的现状与前景,医学信息,2004,17:74-75
[9] Wong,Stephen TC,Huang H K,Design methods and architectural issues of integrated medical image data base systems,Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics,2004,Jul-Aug:285-299
[10] 童明杰,胡大可,认知医学数字图像通讯标准-DICOM,国外医学生物医学工程分册,1999,22:303-320
[11] National Electrical Manufacturers Association,Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine(DIC0M),2003
[12] 陈 戏 墨 ,PACS 中 的 DICOM 标 准 分 析 及 应 用 [J], 医 学 信息,2004,17(4):190-193
[13] 梁 玉 红 , 伪 彩 色 技 术 在 超 声 无 损 检 测 中 的 应 用 , 锅 炉 制造,2006,2(2):70-71
[14] 工业 CT 图像的自动测量, http://www.0net.cn/element/11205.html
[15] Bovik M Clark,Geisler W S,Multichannel texture analysis using localized spatial filters[J].IEEE Trans PAMI,1990,12(1):55-73
[16] Dunn F D,Higgins W E,Optimal Gabor filters for texture segmentation[J],IEEE TransIP,1995,4(7):947-964
[17] Weldon TT, Higgins W E,Efficient Gabor filter design for texture segmentation [J],Pattern Recognition,1996,29(12):2005-2015
[18] D J Field,Relations Between the Statistics of Natural Images and the Response Properties of Cortical Cells[J],Joural of Optical Society of America,1987,4(12):2379-2394
[19] 盛文,柳健,基于马尔科夫随机场模型和函数连接网络的纹理分类方法[J],红外与激光工程,2000,29(2):1-4
[20] 吴高洪,章毓晋,林行刚,分割双纹理图像的最佳 Gabor 滤波器设计方法[J],电子学报,2001,29(1):48-50
[21] Webster M A,Valois R L De,Relationship between spatial frequency and orientation tuning of striate cortex cells[J], Joural of Optical Society of America,1985,A2(7):895-902
[22] Weldon T E,Higgins W E,An Algorithm for Designing M ultiple Gabor Filters for Segmenting Multi—Textured Images[A],Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 98[C],1998,3:333-337
[23] Dunn D,Higgins W E,Wakeley J,Texture Segmentation Using 2-D Gabor Elementary Functions[J],IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1994,16(2):130-149
[24] Acharyya M,Kundu M K,An adaptive approach to unsupervised texture segmentation using M-Band wavelet tran sform [J],Signal Processing,2001:l337-1356
[25] Ng I,Tan Kittler J,on Loc al Linear Transform and Gabor filter Representation of Texture[A] , Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition[C],1992:627-631
[26] 盛文,夏斌,基于 Gabor 环滤波的纹理分割方法,红外与激光工程,2003(5):484-488
[27] Fu Yi-ping,Li Zhi-neng,Yuan Ding,Edge detection with optimized gabor filter [J],Journal of Computer Aided Design & Computer Garphics,2004,16(4):481—486
[28] Bodnarova A,Bennamoun M,Latham S,Optimal Gabor filters for textile flaw etection [J],Pattern Recognition,2002,35(12):2973-2991
[29] Tsai D M,W u S K,Automated surface inspection using Gabor filters [J],The ernational Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2000,16(7):474-482
[30] Gong Yu-nan,Hua Jian-xing,Huang Xiu—bao,Regular texture defect detection based on matched gabor filter[J],Journal of Image and Graphics,2001,6(7):624-628
[31] 李厚强,王超,叶中付,王劲松,一种改进的基于 Gabor 滤波器的纹理分割方法,电路与系统学报,2003,8(6):82-86
[32] de Boney J S,Multiresolution sampling procedure for analysis and synthesis of texture image[A],In : Co mputer Graphics Proceedings,Annual Co nference Series,ACM SIGGRAPH,Los Angeles,California,1997,361-368
[33] 中国医院信息化建设,http://www.hfkqyy.com/yyxx7.htm