摩托车曲轴总成动平衡新型检测系统的研究与开发
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摘要
摩托车曲轴总成是一种较特殊的刚性转子,它由曲柄、连杆和模拟活塞组成,本质上属于不平衡转子。因此,为了减小发动机的振动,研究曲轴总成的动平衡理论及其检测方法对提高产品的质量具有重要的意义。本文以摩托车曲轴总成为研究对象,研究和开发一种新型动平衡检测系统。
本文主要工作及内容如下:
论文首先对曲轴总成的动平衡理论开展了研究。将曲轴总成抽象为曲柄滑块机构作为其物理模型及理论模型,进行了曲轴总成运动学和动力学的分析以及最新的理论计算。讨论了以动平衡率γ和主轴倾角ψ为测量参数的摩托车曲轴总成的动平衡的测量参数,分析并由此推导出曲轴总成动平衡计算公式。另外针对平衡块偏置角β和旋转质量往复质量之比f与动平衡率γ和主轴倾角ψ四者之间的关系进行了计算和仿真。
其次,介绍了测试系统硬件结构的设计。讨论了提高整体系统性能以及稳定性和提高抗干扰能力的措施。
根据系统需求,本文设计并完成一套详细的软件系统的开发。软件系统采用模块化的结构设计,大大提高了系统的灵活性和可扩展性。论文较详细介绍了软件的构成及工作原理。
最后,对检测结果和数据进行了分析,对机械系统误差来源和原理误差进行了定性分析。提出本研究存在的问题,并对未来的研究作了展望。
Motorcycle crank module is a special rigid rotor. It consists of crankshaft, rod and position. So, with the reciprocal mass of this combinational equipment, the dynamic unbalance of the crank-connection Rod Mechanism has the special status in the field of the unbalance theory. On the motorcycle crank assembly and testing methods and dynamic balancing of balancing the development of detection systems to improve the quality of the product is of great significance. Based on a motocycle crank the study, research and development of a new kind of dynamic balance detection system.
This paper work and contents as follows:
First crank assembly abstract for the slider-crank mechanism as a physical model and its theoretical model, a crank assembly kinematics and dynamics of the latest analysis, and calculate the theoretical calculations and analysis. Balancing is given to further rateγand spindle inclinationψtwo parameters describing the inertia of the curve as a motorcycle crank assembly imbalance in the dynamic parameters, analysis and thus derived crank assembly balancing formula. Another, Completed the calculation and simulation between the four parameters, as balancing rateγ, spindle inclinationψ, the bias angle of balance blockβ, and the rate of ratating quality and reciprocating quality f .
Secondly, this paper describes the structure of the test system hardware design.The article discussed improving the overall system performance and stability and measures to improve anti-interference capability.
According to system requirements, In this paper, designed and completed a set of detailed software systems development. Software system is modular in design of the structure; greatly enhance the system's flexibility and scalability. Papers presented in more detail the composition of software and operating principle.
Finally, in this paper, test results and data were analyzed. The mechanical system and the principle source of error of error of the qualitative analysis. Of the present study the existing problems and future research were discussed.
本文主要工作及内容如下:
论文首先对曲轴总成的动平衡理论开展了研究。将曲轴总成抽象为曲柄滑块机构作为其物理模型及理论模型,进行了曲轴总成运动学和动力学的分析以及最新的理论计算。讨论了以动平衡率γ和主轴倾角ψ为测量参数的摩托车曲轴总成的动平衡的测量参数,分析并由此推导出曲轴总成动平衡计算公式。另外针对平衡块偏置角β和旋转质量往复质量之比f与动平衡率γ和主轴倾角ψ四者之间的关系进行了计算和仿真。
其次,介绍了测试系统硬件结构的设计。讨论了提高整体系统性能以及稳定性和提高抗干扰能力的措施。
根据系统需求,本文设计并完成一套详细的软件系统的开发。软件系统采用模块化的结构设计,大大提高了系统的灵活性和可扩展性。论文较详细介绍了软件的构成及工作原理。
最后,对检测结果和数据进行了分析,对机械系统误差来源和原理误差进行了定性分析。提出本研究存在的问题,并对未来的研究作了展望。
Motorcycle crank module is a special rigid rotor. It consists of crankshaft, rod and position. So, with the reciprocal mass of this combinational equipment, the dynamic unbalance of the crank-connection Rod Mechanism has the special status in the field of the unbalance theory. On the motorcycle crank assembly and testing methods and dynamic balancing of balancing the development of detection systems to improve the quality of the product is of great significance. Based on a motocycle crank the study, research and development of a new kind of dynamic balance detection system.
This paper work and contents as follows:
First crank assembly abstract for the slider-crank mechanism as a physical model and its theoretical model, a crank assembly kinematics and dynamics of the latest analysis, and calculate the theoretical calculations and analysis. Balancing is given to further rateγand spindle inclinationψtwo parameters describing the inertia of the curve as a motorcycle crank assembly imbalance in the dynamic parameters, analysis and thus derived crank assembly balancing formula. Another, Completed the calculation and simulation between the four parameters, as balancing rateγ, spindle inclinationψ, the bias angle of balance blockβ, and the rate of ratating quality and reciprocating quality f .
Secondly, this paper describes the structure of the test system hardware design.The article discussed improving the overall system performance and stability and measures to improve anti-interference capability.
According to system requirements, In this paper, designed and completed a set of detailed software systems development. Software system is modular in design of the structure; greatly enhance the system's flexibility and scalability. Papers presented in more detail the composition of software and operating principle.
Finally, in this paper, test results and data were analyzed. The mechanical system and the principle source of error of error of the qualitative analysis. Of the present study the existing problems and future research were discussed.
引文
[1]李建平等.小波分析与信号处理理论[M],应用及软件实现.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1997.
[2]崔锦泰著,程正兴译.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995.
[3]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[4]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[5]李弼程,罗建书.小波分析及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[6]胡昌华,张军波,夏军等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[7]徐长发,李国宽.实用小波方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[8]唐晓初.小波分析及应用[M].重庆大学出版社. 2006.
[9]高志,余啸海.Matlab小波分析工具箱原理与应用[M].国防工业出版社,2004.108~116.
[10] Mallat S, Hwang W L. Singularity detection and processing with wavelets [J]. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 1992, 38(2):617~643.
[11] Daubechies I. Ten Lectures on Wavelets, CBMS/NSF Series in Applied Mathematics, V.61. SIAM Publ, 1992.
[12]飞思科技产品研发中心. MATLAB 6.5辅助小波分析与应用[M].电子工业出版社, 2003.
[13]侯敬宏,黄树红等.基于小波分析的旋转机械振动信号定量特征研究.机械工程学报. 2004,40(1):131-135.
[14]叶昊,王桂增,方崇智.小波变换在故障检测中的应用[J].自动化学报. 1997,23(6):736-741.
[15]张君,韩璞,董泽等.基于小波变换的振动信号分析中的能量泄漏的研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2004,10:238-243.
[16]韩璞,张君,董泽等.汽轮机振动信号的最优小波包基消噪与检测[J].动力工程. 2005,25(1):92-96.
[17] Daubechies I. Orthogonal bases of compactly supported wavelets[J]. Communications Pure and Applied Mathematics. 1988, XLI:909-560.
[18] Cohen A, Daubechies I. Biorthogonal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Communications Pure and Applied Mathematics. 1992,44:141-183.
[19]成礼知,王红霞,罗永.小波的理论与应用[M].科学出版社.
[20]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].清华大学出版社. 2004.
[21]韩震宇,申旭娟,石章林.信号的多分辨率分析及其在消噪中的应用[J].四川联合大学学报. 1999,3(1):52-58.
[22]罗幼芝.小波变换应用于信号去噪研究[J].吉林师范大学学报. 2005,26(1):62-64.
[23]孙煜,范万春,李真富.小波自适应软门限信号去噪方法研究[J].核电子学与探测技术. 2005,25(2):156-159.
[24] Carl T. The What, how, and why of wavelet shrinkage denoising[J]. Computing in Science & Engineering. 2000,2(3):12-19.
[25]王肖芬,徐科军,沈峰.小波滤波器幅频特性的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版). 2003,26(1):60-62.
[26]王红霞.新型小波滤波器理论及应用的研究[博士学位论文].国防科学技术大学. 2004.
[27]郭亚.振动信号处理中的小波基的选择研究[硕士学位论文].合肥工业大学. 2003.
[28]张济生.曲轴总成动平衡的理论计算分析[J]. 2007.
[29]叶能安,余汝生.动平衡原理与动平衡机[M].华中工学院出版社. 1985.
[30]明石和彦,钱羽正三,下村玄.动平衡实验[M].吉林人民出版社.1980.
[31] Richard L Nailen. Learning to deal witd roto unbanlence [J], Electrical Apparatus, Chicago. Mar, 1997.
[32]胡正荣,张再实等.转子平衡技术与平衡机[M].机械工业出版社. 1988.
[33]岳明君,张强等.曲轴的高精度动平衡[M].内燃机. 1998.
[34]周维新.曲轴动平衡活塞连杆组当量质量的计算[J].西安公路交通大学学报. Vol,19 No.4,Oct.1999.
[35] Projection welding puts new spin on drive shaft baleancing. Welding Design & Fabrication. Including Welding Engineer; Cleveland. Nov 2001.
[36]贺世正,周保堂.上悬臂带弹支的高速转子振型平衡方法[J].振动工程学报. 2000,13.
[37]邓旻涯.摩托车过量平衡及振动分析:[硕士学位论文].武汉汽车工业大学. 2001.
[38]周伟,全书海,廖传书. FFT算法应用于极小转子动平衡仪的研究[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报. 1996,18(2):84-87.
[39]李顶根,曹继光,陈传尧.摩托车发动机曲轴连杆总成动平衡测试系统[J].振动、测试与诊断. 2003,23(4):295-297.
[40]胡贤勇.摩托车发动机曲柄连杆机构动平衡试验装置的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆大学. 2002.
[41]胡正荣.平衡机的设计与应用[J].国防工业出版社. 1998.4.
[42]王晓升.测量点对转子动平衡影响的研究[J].西安交通大学学报. 1998,32(7):58-59.
[43] A.G Parkinson. Balancing of Rotating Machiney[J]. Prod.of Inst.Mech.Eng.PartC, J.Mech.Eng.Sc. Vol.205,1991.
[44] W.L Meacham, P.B Talbert, H.D Nelson et al. Complex modal balancing of flexible rotorsincluding residual bow [J]. Amercan Institure of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Journol of Propulsion and Power. 1998,86(3):273-279.
[45] T P Goodman. Aleast-squares method for computing balance corrections [J]. Transaction ASME:JEngineering For Industry. 1964,86(3).
[46]胡国平.电机转子去平衡数控去重技术的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].浙江大学. 2004.
[47]谈德世.一种新的曲轴动平衡机[J].华中理工大学学报. 1995,23(3).
[48]王振钧.转子动平衡的校验[J].化工装备技术. 1994,15(2).
[49]王保和,陶利民.一种全新的动平衡检测仪[J].机械与电子. 1992.
[50]曲贵龙.曲轴动平衡的方法和应用[J].重型汽车. 2004.4.
[51]程水生.自动曲轴动平衡机机械系统的设计与调试[J].机械设计. 1995.8.
[52]顾乾昆,唐一科.转子自动平衡理论与应用研究[J].重庆大学学报. 1995,11(6):10-12.
[53]周安石,刘希杰.德国动平衡技术[J].航天出国考察技术报告. 1992.1:196-203.
[54]朱晓农.国产平衡机的现状与发展预测[J].试验技术与试验机. 1997,37(3.4):10.
[55]渠巨华.曲轴不平衡对发动机振动和磨损的影响[J].铁道标准设计. 2000,20(11):38-39.
[56]盛德恩.软支承与硬支承动平衡机的测量特点[J].微电机. 1995,28(2).
[57]徐锡林.浅述我国平衡机的发展方向[J].试验技术与试验机. 2003,43(1).
[58]孙桓,陈作模.机械原理(第六版)[M].高等教育出版社. 2001.
[2]崔锦泰著,程正兴译.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995.
[3]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[4]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[5]李弼程,罗建书.小波分析及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[6]胡昌华,张军波,夏军等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[7]徐长发,李国宽.实用小波方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[8]唐晓初.小波分析及应用[M].重庆大学出版社. 2006.
[9]高志,余啸海.Matlab小波分析工具箱原理与应用[M].国防工业出版社,2004.108~116.
[10] Mallat S, Hwang W L. Singularity detection and processing with wavelets [J]. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 1992, 38(2):617~643.
[11] Daubechies I. Ten Lectures on Wavelets, CBMS/NSF Series in Applied Mathematics, V.61. SIAM Publ, 1992.
[12]飞思科技产品研发中心. MATLAB 6.5辅助小波分析与应用[M].电子工业出版社, 2003.
[13]侯敬宏,黄树红等.基于小波分析的旋转机械振动信号定量特征研究.机械工程学报. 2004,40(1):131-135.
[14]叶昊,王桂增,方崇智.小波变换在故障检测中的应用[J].自动化学报. 1997,23(6):736-741.
[15]张君,韩璞,董泽等.基于小波变换的振动信号分析中的能量泄漏的研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2004,10:238-243.
[16]韩璞,张君,董泽等.汽轮机振动信号的最优小波包基消噪与检测[J].动力工程. 2005,25(1):92-96.
[17] Daubechies I. Orthogonal bases of compactly supported wavelets[J]. Communications Pure and Applied Mathematics. 1988, XLI:909-560.
[18] Cohen A, Daubechies I. Biorthogonal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Communications Pure and Applied Mathematics. 1992,44:141-183.
[19]成礼知,王红霞,罗永.小波的理论与应用[M].科学出版社.
[20]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].清华大学出版社. 2004.
[21]韩震宇,申旭娟,石章林.信号的多分辨率分析及其在消噪中的应用[J].四川联合大学学报. 1999,3(1):52-58.
[22]罗幼芝.小波变换应用于信号去噪研究[J].吉林师范大学学报. 2005,26(1):62-64.
[23]孙煜,范万春,李真富.小波自适应软门限信号去噪方法研究[J].核电子学与探测技术. 2005,25(2):156-159.
[24] Carl T. The What, how, and why of wavelet shrinkage denoising[J]. Computing in Science & Engineering. 2000,2(3):12-19.
[25]王肖芬,徐科军,沈峰.小波滤波器幅频特性的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版). 2003,26(1):60-62.
[26]王红霞.新型小波滤波器理论及应用的研究[博士学位论文].国防科学技术大学. 2004.
[27]郭亚.振动信号处理中的小波基的选择研究[硕士学位论文].合肥工业大学. 2003.
[28]张济生.曲轴总成动平衡的理论计算分析[J]. 2007.
[29]叶能安,余汝生.动平衡原理与动平衡机[M].华中工学院出版社. 1985.
[30]明石和彦,钱羽正三,下村玄.动平衡实验[M].吉林人民出版社.1980.
[31] Richard L Nailen. Learning to deal witd roto unbanlence [J], Electrical Apparatus, Chicago. Mar, 1997.
[32]胡正荣,张再实等.转子平衡技术与平衡机[M].机械工业出版社. 1988.
[33]岳明君,张强等.曲轴的高精度动平衡[M].内燃机. 1998.
[34]周维新.曲轴动平衡活塞连杆组当量质量的计算[J].西安公路交通大学学报. Vol,19 No.4,Oct.1999.
[35] Projection welding puts new spin on drive shaft baleancing. Welding Design & Fabrication. Including Welding Engineer; Cleveland. Nov 2001.
[36]贺世正,周保堂.上悬臂带弹支的高速转子振型平衡方法[J].振动工程学报. 2000,13.
[37]邓旻涯.摩托车过量平衡及振动分析:[硕士学位论文].武汉汽车工业大学. 2001.
[38]周伟,全书海,廖传书. FFT算法应用于极小转子动平衡仪的研究[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报. 1996,18(2):84-87.
[39]李顶根,曹继光,陈传尧.摩托车发动机曲轴连杆总成动平衡测试系统[J].振动、测试与诊断. 2003,23(4):295-297.
[40]胡贤勇.摩托车发动机曲柄连杆机构动平衡试验装置的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆大学. 2002.
[41]胡正荣.平衡机的设计与应用[J].国防工业出版社. 1998.4.
[42]王晓升.测量点对转子动平衡影响的研究[J].西安交通大学学报. 1998,32(7):58-59.
[43] A.G Parkinson. Balancing of Rotating Machiney[J]. Prod.of Inst.Mech.Eng.PartC, J.Mech.Eng.Sc. Vol.205,1991.
[44] W.L Meacham, P.B Talbert, H.D Nelson et al. Complex modal balancing of flexible rotorsincluding residual bow [J]. Amercan Institure of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Journol of Propulsion and Power. 1998,86(3):273-279.
[45] T P Goodman. Aleast-squares method for computing balance corrections [J]. Transaction ASME:JEngineering For Industry. 1964,86(3).
[46]胡国平.电机转子去平衡数控去重技术的研究与实现[硕士学位论文].浙江大学. 2004.
[47]谈德世.一种新的曲轴动平衡机[J].华中理工大学学报. 1995,23(3).
[48]王振钧.转子动平衡的校验[J].化工装备技术. 1994,15(2).
[49]王保和,陶利民.一种全新的动平衡检测仪[J].机械与电子. 1992.
[50]曲贵龙.曲轴动平衡的方法和应用[J].重型汽车. 2004.4.
[51]程水生.自动曲轴动平衡机机械系统的设计与调试[J].机械设计. 1995.8.
[52]顾乾昆,唐一科.转子自动平衡理论与应用研究[J].重庆大学学报. 1995,11(6):10-12.
[53]周安石,刘希杰.德国动平衡技术[J].航天出国考察技术报告. 1992.1:196-203.
[54]朱晓农.国产平衡机的现状与发展预测[J].试验技术与试验机. 1997,37(3.4):10.
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