有源电力滤波器快速谐波补偿控制方法研究
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展,非线性负载应用越来越广泛,对电网产生的污染问题也随之增大。传统的谐波抑制方法是使用无源滤波器,此种方法具有很大的弊端,其滤波效果受电力系统阻抗的影响较大,且只能消除特定次数的谐波,而有源电力滤波器(APF)具有良好的跟踪性能,不受系统阻抗影响,近几年得到越来越广泛的关注。
本文首先阐述了有源电力滤波器的背景和发展现状,然后对有源电力滤波器的分类、控制方式和工作原理作了进一步的研究,并在比较了多种谐波电流检测方法之后,选择基于瞬时无功功率理论的i_p-i_q谐波检测方法。
有源电力滤波器的控制系统是决定滤波器性能的关键,选择一种有效的补偿控制方法,才能使有源电力滤波器的实时性和动态补偿功能充分发挥。本文重点研究有源电力滤波器控制方法,在研究了目前国内外广泛应用的有源电力滤波器控制方法基础上,选择最有效的三种方法进行分析,分别是瞬时值比较法、三角波比较法和空间矢量控制法。
针对这三种方法,本文使用MATLAB/SIMULINK搭建了有源电力滤波器模型,并对每种方法进行了详细的仿真分析,仿真结果验证了各种方法的有效性,通过比较优缺点,结论是空间矢量法更易于数字化实现,而且对主电路开关器件的损耗最小,于是选择空间矢量法来设计基于DSP的控制系统
在理论分析和仿真研究的基础上,设计了基于TMS320F2812DSP控制的并联型电力有源滤波器。
实验结果表明,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的i_p-i_q谐波电流检测法和空间矢量补偿法能够实时、准确地补偿电网中的谐波电流。
With the development of power electronic technology, non-linear loads are widely applied, which leads to serious pollution to power network. The traditional way to restrain the harmonics is to install the passive filter, but it is easily influenced by the system impedance and can only eliminate harmonics of given order, however, the active power filter (APF) can overcome the limitations of the passive filter, and can precisely track and compensate the harmonics, and the performance doesn't depend on the system characteristics, so more and more concern is put on the APF in the last few years.
The paper firstly presents the backgrounds and development of active power filters, then the categories, the control methods and the theory of APF are discussed, and after comparison of multiple harmonics detection methods, the i_p-i_q calculation method based on instantaneous reactive power theory is used.
The control system determines the performance of an active power filter, and an effective compensation method can assure the active power filter well performed. The paper focused on research on control methods. On the basis of researching several mainly-used compensation ways, three most effective ways were chosen to be further analyzed, which are instantaneous comparison method, triangle wave comparison method and voltage space vector control method.
The simulation models of the three methods are built using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool, and a detailed simulation analysis was realized. The result of simulation showed the effectiveness of the three control methods, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of those methods, so after a complete discussion, it revealed that voltage space vector was more accurate and easier to realize on DSP, so the control system based on space vector is determined. The hardware design of the compensation circuit is also presented in the paper, including the power element selection, the capacity design and the induction design as well as realization of voltage space vector method.
A shunt active power filter controlled by TMS320F2812 was built on the basis of theory analysis and simulation research.
The result of the experiment showed that the i_p-i_q calculation method based on instantaneous reactive power theory combined with voltage space vector control method can precisely eliminate the harmonics in power network in real time.
本文首先阐述了有源电力滤波器的背景和发展现状,然后对有源电力滤波器的分类、控制方式和工作原理作了进一步的研究,并在比较了多种谐波电流检测方法之后,选择基于瞬时无功功率理论的i_p-i_q谐波检测方法。
有源电力滤波器的控制系统是决定滤波器性能的关键,选择一种有效的补偿控制方法,才能使有源电力滤波器的实时性和动态补偿功能充分发挥。本文重点研究有源电力滤波器控制方法,在研究了目前国内外广泛应用的有源电力滤波器控制方法基础上,选择最有效的三种方法进行分析,分别是瞬时值比较法、三角波比较法和空间矢量控制法。
针对这三种方法,本文使用MATLAB/SIMULINK搭建了有源电力滤波器模型,并对每种方法进行了详细的仿真分析,仿真结果验证了各种方法的有效性,通过比较优缺点,结论是空间矢量法更易于数字化实现,而且对主电路开关器件的损耗最小,于是选择空间矢量法来设计基于DSP的控制系统
在理论分析和仿真研究的基础上,设计了基于TMS320F2812DSP控制的并联型电力有源滤波器。
实验结果表明,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的i_p-i_q谐波电流检测法和空间矢量补偿法能够实时、准确地补偿电网中的谐波电流。
With the development of power electronic technology, non-linear loads are widely applied, which leads to serious pollution to power network. The traditional way to restrain the harmonics is to install the passive filter, but it is easily influenced by the system impedance and can only eliminate harmonics of given order, however, the active power filter (APF) can overcome the limitations of the passive filter, and can precisely track and compensate the harmonics, and the performance doesn't depend on the system characteristics, so more and more concern is put on the APF in the last few years.
The paper firstly presents the backgrounds and development of active power filters, then the categories, the control methods and the theory of APF are discussed, and after comparison of multiple harmonics detection methods, the i_p-i_q calculation method based on instantaneous reactive power theory is used.
The control system determines the performance of an active power filter, and an effective compensation method can assure the active power filter well performed. The paper focused on research on control methods. On the basis of researching several mainly-used compensation ways, three most effective ways were chosen to be further analyzed, which are instantaneous comparison method, triangle wave comparison method and voltage space vector control method.
The simulation models of the three methods are built using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool, and a detailed simulation analysis was realized. The result of simulation showed the effectiveness of the three control methods, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of those methods, so after a complete discussion, it revealed that voltage space vector was more accurate and easier to realize on DSP, so the control system based on space vector is determined. The hardware design of the compensation circuit is also presented in the paper, including the power element selection, the capacity design and the induction design as well as realization of voltage space vector method.
A shunt active power filter controlled by TMS320F2812 was built on the basis of theory analysis and simulation research.
The result of the experiment showed that the i_p-i_q calculation method based on instantaneous reactive power theory combined with voltage space vector control method can precisely eliminate the harmonics in power network in real time.
引文
[1]朱桂萍,王树民.电能质量控制技术综述[J].电力系统自动化.2002,26(19):28-31
[2]肖湘宁,徐永海.电能质量问题剖析[J].电网技术.2001,vol.25
[3]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93:电能质量公用电网谐波[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1994
[4]王兆安,杨君等.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.01
[5]Gyugyi L,Strycula E C.Active ac Power filters[A].In:Proc of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting[C],1976:529-535
[6]M.Routimo,M.Sale and H.Tuusa.Wideband harmonic compensation with a voltage-source hybrid active power filter[C].APEC'04,the 9~(th) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.2004,vol.1:191-196
[7]EI-Habrouk M,Darwish M K,Mehta P.Active Power filters:A review[J].IEEE Proceedings of Electric power Applications,2000,147(5):403-413
[8]SINGH B,HADDAD K,CHANDRA A.A REVIEW of active filters for power quality improvement[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,1999,46(5):960-971
[9]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器:结构·原理·控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.10
[10]王云杰.无功与谐波自动补偿装置控制策略的研究及实现[D].北京交通大学,2005
[11]Sasaki H,Machida T.A.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by Magnetic compensation on basic design[J].IEEE Trans.Power APP&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019
[12]F.Z.Peng,Akagi H,Nabae A.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power system-A combined system of shunt passive and series active filters[J].IEEE Trans on IA,1990,26(6):983-990
[13]罗安,章兢,付青.新型注入式并联混合型APF[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(2):51-56
[14]Malesani L,Tenti P,A Novel Hysteresis Control Method for Current Controlled Voltage Source PWM Inverters with Constant Modulation Frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):88-92
[15]童梅.一种混合型电力滤波器的变结构控制[J].电工技术学报,2002,17(1):59-63
[16]Malcom M Cameron.Trends in power factor correction with harmonic filtering[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl.,1993,29(1):23-28
[17]贾红芳,高学军,程翔.一种改进的电流控制方法在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].高压电器,2006,42(1):70-72
[18]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展[J].电力电子技术,1997,01
[19]Rub'en Inzunza,Hirofumi Akagi.A 6.6-kV transformer less shunt hybrid active filter for installation on a power distribution system.PESC'04,the 35~(th) annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference[C].Aachen,Germany.2004:46304636
[20]B.M.Bird,J.F.Marsh,P.R.Mclellan.Harmonic reduction in multiplex converters by triple-frequency current injection.Proceedings of the IEEE,1969,vol.116:1730-1734
[21]李建林,载波相移级联H桥型多电平变流器及其在有源电力滤波器中的应用研究[D]. 浙江大学,2005
[22]Jeong S G,Woo M H.DSP-based active power filter with predictive current control[J].IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronics.June 1997,44(3):329-336
[23]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器:结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[24]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,1996
[25]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[26]徐明.有源电力滤波器瞬时值比较控制策略的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007
[27]曹世华.三相电压型空间矢量PWM整流器的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学;2008
[28]苏奎峰,吕强,狄庆锋,陈圣俭.TMS320F2812原理与开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.4
[29]Texas Instrument.TMS320F28x DSP Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC) Reference Guide[M].SPRU060A,2003.08
[30]Texas Instrument.TMS320F28x DSP Event Manager(EV) Reference Guide[M].SPRU065,2003.06
[31]张耀文.基于DSP的并联有源电力滤波器的应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2007
[32]HABROUK M,DARWISH M K.Design and Implementation of a Modified Fourier Analysis Harmonic Current Computation Technique for Power Active Filters Using DSPs[J].IEE proc Electr Power Appl.,2001.148(1):21-27
[2]肖湘宁,徐永海.电能质量问题剖析[J].电网技术.2001,vol.25
[3]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93:电能质量公用电网谐波[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1994
[4]王兆安,杨君等.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.01
[5]Gyugyi L,Strycula E C.Active ac Power filters[A].In:Proc of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting[C],1976:529-535
[6]M.Routimo,M.Sale and H.Tuusa.Wideband harmonic compensation with a voltage-source hybrid active power filter[C].APEC'04,the 9~(th) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.2004,vol.1:191-196
[7]EI-Habrouk M,Darwish M K,Mehta P.Active Power filters:A review[J].IEEE Proceedings of Electric power Applications,2000,147(5):403-413
[8]SINGH B,HADDAD K,CHANDRA A.A REVIEW of active filters for power quality improvement[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,1999,46(5):960-971
[9]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器:结构·原理·控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.10
[10]王云杰.无功与谐波自动补偿装置控制策略的研究及实现[D].北京交通大学,2005
[11]Sasaki H,Machida T.A.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by Magnetic compensation on basic design[J].IEEE Trans.Power APP&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019
[12]F.Z.Peng,Akagi H,Nabae A.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power system-A combined system of shunt passive and series active filters[J].IEEE Trans on IA,1990,26(6):983-990
[13]罗安,章兢,付青.新型注入式并联混合型APF[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(2):51-56
[14]Malesani L,Tenti P,A Novel Hysteresis Control Method for Current Controlled Voltage Source PWM Inverters with Constant Modulation Frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):88-92
[15]童梅.一种混合型电力滤波器的变结构控制[J].电工技术学报,2002,17(1):59-63
[16]Malcom M Cameron.Trends in power factor correction with harmonic filtering[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl.,1993,29(1):23-28
[17]贾红芳,高学军,程翔.一种改进的电流控制方法在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].高压电器,2006,42(1):70-72
[18]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展[J].电力电子技术,1997,01
[19]Rub'en Inzunza,Hirofumi Akagi.A 6.6-kV transformer less shunt hybrid active filter for installation on a power distribution system.PESC'04,the 35~(th) annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference[C].Aachen,Germany.2004:46304636
[20]B.M.Bird,J.F.Marsh,P.R.Mclellan.Harmonic reduction in multiplex converters by triple-frequency current injection.Proceedings of the IEEE,1969,vol.116:1730-1734
[21]李建林,载波相移级联H桥型多电平变流器及其在有源电力滤波器中的应用研究[D]. 浙江大学,2005
[22]Jeong S G,Woo M H.DSP-based active power filter with predictive current control[J].IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronics.June 1997,44(3):329-336
[23]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器:结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[24]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,1996
[25]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[26]徐明.有源电力滤波器瞬时值比较控制策略的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007
[27]曹世华.三相电压型空间矢量PWM整流器的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学;2008
[28]苏奎峰,吕强,狄庆锋,陈圣俭.TMS320F2812原理与开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.4
[29]Texas Instrument.TMS320F28x DSP Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC) Reference Guide[M].SPRU060A,2003.08
[30]Texas Instrument.TMS320F28x DSP Event Manager(EV) Reference Guide[M].SPRU065,2003.06
[31]张耀文.基于DSP的并联有源电力滤波器的应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2007
[32]HABROUK M,DARWISH M K.Design and Implementation of a Modified Fourier Analysis Harmonic Current Computation Technique for Power Active Filters Using DSPs[J].IEE proc Electr Power Appl.,2001.148(1):21-27