摘要
以物流外包为代表的业务外包模式是企业强化供应链管理、提升核心竞争力的重要手段。但由于物流概念和供应链管理思想进入我国较晚,加之我国的物流外包市场目前仍处于不断探索和逐步完善阶段,使得物流外包对于我国大部分企业来说还只是一个停留在概念上的新事物。在实践中我们经常可以发现,相当多的企业不了解物流外包,不愿意外包,甚至害怕外包;即使部分企业实施了物流外包,也因实际效果不理想而失败。究其原因,其中既有企业决策者对物流外包缺乏认识和了解的原因,也有因缺少完整而系统的物流外包理论体系所导致的盲目决策、无效管理等原因。因此,以供应链环境下的微观企业为出发点对物流外包的全过程进行系统研究,对于提高我国企业的供应链管理水平和物流产业的快速、健康发展具有积极的现实意义。
本研究首先对已有的相关研究成果进行了简要回顾,然后以经济学和管理学中的相关理论为背景全方位地剖析了企业物流外包的运作机理。在此基础上,全文从过程的角度出发,以管理职能为主线,围绕企业在物流外包决策、组织和实施以及控制与风险管理过程中可能遇到或忽略的问题进行了详细分析,并由此提出了企业物流外包运作体系的整体框架。概括起来,本研究的内容和结论主要有以下几个方面:
(1)在物流外包决策阶段,以交易费用理论为基础分析了自营与外包及它们之间一系列的制度安排,拓展了企业的物流管理模式,提出了较为规范的物流外包决策流程,并通过案例分析,指出了以产权和契约纽带相联结的物流外包模式对一些具有特定行业背景和特殊需要的企业来说是一种比较理想的选择。
(2)分析了物流外包组织与实施过程中容易被企业忽视的关键环节和管理重点,对诸如选择第三方物流服务提供商、外包中组织与人力资源整合、招投标管理等问题进行了深入研究,并对此提出了独到的见解。
(3)从成本、服务和战略效益三个维度来衡量和考察物流外包的整体绩效,在此基础上确立了物流外包绩效评价指标体系并运用模糊数学方法建立了评价模型。
(4)对物流外包中的不同阶段和关键环节进行重点研究,并不是对它们进行简单罗列,而是为了能够将它们有机地结合起来,以此为契机建立一个能够反映物流外包全过程特点,并促使其规范化和制度化的整体框架,它将有利于企业在物流外包与自营的抉择中寻找到一种理性的平衡。
在理论研究的同时,本文对博士伦公司的物流外包实践进行了案例研究和分析,希望借此丰富和完善整个物流外包运作体系。最后,根据上述分析和结论还提出了相关建议,以期为供应链环境下的企业在物流外包实践领域提供一个可供借鉴的运作模式与管理平台。
Operation outsourcing model represented by logistic outsourcing is an important method for enterprises to strengthen supply chain management and improve core competitiveness as well. Logistic concept and supply chain management thought enter China recently. Logistic outsourcing market is still in the process of exploring and improvement. Therefore, outsource operation, for most of the enterprises in our country, is a new concept. In practice, we often found that many enter prices don't understand outsourcing and dislike and fearing outsourcings. Even some companies that have carried out outsourcing operation failed at last because no ideal result reached. The decision makers don't understand the practical and theory of outsourcing operation. Blindness decisions lead to inefficiency management. Therefore, under the supply chain management environment, the whole process systematic studies play an important role for the improvement of our management level and rapid and health development in logistic industry.
This thesis first briefly reviews the current study result, and then analyses enterprises logistic outsourcing operation mechanism based on economic and management theories. Then, starting from the process and along the point of management function view, surrounding logistic outsourcing decision making, organizing, implement, controlling and risk management, the thesis study carefully the problems being encountered or negligent and bring forward the whole frame structure of enterprise logistic outsourcing operation system. To sum up, the content and conclusion of this thesis include the following points:
1. On the decision making stage of logistic outsourcing, based on the theory of transaction cost, analyses of self-operation, outsourcing and a series of system arrangement was made. Enterprises logistic management model was developed. Standard decision flow was put forward by case analyses. Outsourcing pattern through propriety rights and contract link is an ideal choice for those enterprises with specific industrial background and special requirement.
2. Major process and management key points are analyzed in the process of organizing and implantation of logistic outsourcing. Further study and my own view are made on the subject such as third party logistic service provider; organization and human recourses combination, tender invite public bidding management, etc.
3. The whole performance is checked and assessed on the three dimension of cost, service and strategic benefit. Outsourcing appraising indicator system and appraising model are established based on Fuzzy Mathematics.
4. Study on different stages and key points of logistic outsourcing are made. A frame of standardization that reflects the feature of the whole process is established. Enterprises will find a balance between the self-operations and outsourcing.
Case study on Bausch&Lomb Company is made with a view to enrich the logistic outsourcing operation system. Finally, according to the above analyses and conclusions, suggestions are made in order to supply an operation and management platform for the enterprise under the environment of logistic outsourcing operation.
引文
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