基于XML的制造业应用软件异构数据库数据交换技术研究
|
摘要
随着信息技术的发展,信息化已经成为制造业提高竞争力的核心,制造业应用软件CAX、产品数据管理(PDM)、企业资源规划(ERP)等在我国是制造技术的重要技术领域。在我国制造业应用软件处于刚刚起步阶段。制造业应用软件系统集成可以有效的缩短产品形成周期,加速产品从设计领域到制造领域的转化。
本文通过对制造企业信息技术应用现状分析,阐述了目前制造业应用软件所面临的问题,论述了制造业应用软件集成的必要性和重要意义,研究了异构数据的集成策略和方法。提出了一个具有高度通用性和可扩展性的基于XML(The Extensible Markup Language)的数据交换模型、研究了XML与关系数据库间的映射、异构数据的存取等;提出了一种数据交换系统体系结构,并作为集成开发系统的指导模型和基本原则;该系统提供了一个异构数据共享与集成的中间平台,可实现异构数据的透明操作和无缝集成。
基于以上集成开发系统的指导模型和体系结构,本文以制造业应用软件PDM、ERP系统为例,阐述了PDM与ERP系统的区别与联系并且比较分析了PDM与ERP系统的三种集成方式,提出了相应的解决方案,实现了PDM与ERP间的数据共享集成。本文提出的解决方案具有通用性,可以有效的解决制造业其他异构数据库应用软件的数据共享问题。
As the development of information technology, informationizing has become the core to improve the competence of manufacturing industry. Applied softwares such as CAX、PDM、ERP in manufacturing industry have become an important technology field of manufacturing technique in China, while they are just in a starting stage. Integrated system of applied software in manufacturing industry can shorten production generation period efficiently and accelerate product transfer from design field to manufacturing field.
The present application status of information technology in manufacturing industry is analyzed in this paper, and the problems faced in applied softwares in manufacturing industry are expounded. Also the necessity and importance of applied softwares in manufacturing industry are discussed and the integrated method of heterogeneous data is researched. A data exchanging model based on XML which have height generality and expansibility is proposed, and the mapping between XML and relational database and data access of heterogeneous data are also studied. An architecture of data exchange is given, which is used as the guiding model and basic principles of integrated development system. This system provides a middle-platform of heterogeneous data exchange and sharing, and it realizes transparent operation and seamless integration of heterogeneous data.
Based on the above guiding model and system architecture of integrated development system, the applied softwares PDM and ERP are taken as an example to describe the distinctions and relationships between them. Moreover, through compareing and analyzing three methods of integration of PDM and ERP, solution scheme and implementation method are proposed and the integrating and sharing of data between PDM and ERP can be realized. The solution scheme which proposed in this paper has universality, it can solve the data sharing problems of other heterogeneous database applied softwares in manufacturing industry efficiently.
本文通过对制造企业信息技术应用现状分析,阐述了目前制造业应用软件所面临的问题,论述了制造业应用软件集成的必要性和重要意义,研究了异构数据的集成策略和方法。提出了一个具有高度通用性和可扩展性的基于XML(The Extensible Markup Language)的数据交换模型、研究了XML与关系数据库间的映射、异构数据的存取等;提出了一种数据交换系统体系结构,并作为集成开发系统的指导模型和基本原则;该系统提供了一个异构数据共享与集成的中间平台,可实现异构数据的透明操作和无缝集成。
基于以上集成开发系统的指导模型和体系结构,本文以制造业应用软件PDM、ERP系统为例,阐述了PDM与ERP系统的区别与联系并且比较分析了PDM与ERP系统的三种集成方式,提出了相应的解决方案,实现了PDM与ERP间的数据共享集成。本文提出的解决方案具有通用性,可以有效的解决制造业其他异构数据库应用软件的数据共享问题。
As the development of information technology, informationizing has become the core to improve the competence of manufacturing industry. Applied softwares such as CAX、PDM、ERP in manufacturing industry have become an important technology field of manufacturing technique in China, while they are just in a starting stage. Integrated system of applied software in manufacturing industry can shorten production generation period efficiently and accelerate product transfer from design field to manufacturing field.
The present application status of information technology in manufacturing industry is analyzed in this paper, and the problems faced in applied softwares in manufacturing industry are expounded. Also the necessity and importance of applied softwares in manufacturing industry are discussed and the integrated method of heterogeneous data is researched. A data exchanging model based on XML which have height generality and expansibility is proposed, and the mapping between XML and relational database and data access of heterogeneous data are also studied. An architecture of data exchange is given, which is used as the guiding model and basic principles of integrated development system. This system provides a middle-platform of heterogeneous data exchange and sharing, and it realizes transparent operation and seamless integration of heterogeneous data.
Based on the above guiding model and system architecture of integrated development system, the applied softwares PDM and ERP are taken as an example to describe the distinctions and relationships between them. Moreover, through compareing and analyzing three methods of integration of PDM and ERP, solution scheme and implementation method are proposed and the integrating and sharing of data between PDM and ERP can be realized. The solution scheme which proposed in this paper has universality, it can solve the data sharing problems of other heterogeneous database applied softwares in manufacturing industry efficiently.
引文
[1]张维明.数据仓库原理与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2002:25-42.
[2] WHITE C.XML从入门到精通(黄金版)[M].周生炳,译.电子工业出版社,2002:30-52.
[3]刘利.利用DOM技术实现XML与数据库映射的中间件[J].计算机与数字工程,2001,29(4):58-59.
[4]刑春晓.XML数据管理.张志强等译.清华大学出版社,2006:52-65.
[5] SILBERSCHAT A著.数据库系统概念[M].杨冬青,译.机械工业出版社,2003:15-20.
[6]万常选.XML数据库技术[M].清华大学出版社,2004:25-50.
[7]段洪秀,陶世群.一种XML到关系数据库的信息转换方法[J].山西大学学报,2005,28(4):46-48.
[8]梁利校,吴国平.一种基于XML的异构数据源集成方案.现代计算机, 2004,20(4):8-91.
[9]翟裕忠.一个基于XML的数据交换原型系统.计算机工程,2000:8-10.
[10]杨卫东.利用XML在数据库之间进行数据交换[J].无线电通信技术,2002,28(3):63-64.
[11]朱科支.使用XML进行数据交换及安全性[J].微处理机,2003:58-61.
[12]宋虹,陈松乔,杨路明.CIMS系统集成接口的研究[J].计算机技术与自动化,2000,(9):77-80.
[13]郝永平,苏向东.制造业信息集成接口技术研究[J].企业信息化报,2005:53-60.
[14] REESE G.JDBC与JAVA数据库编程(第二版)[M].中国电力出版社,2002:50-60.
[15]王宁,王能斌.异构数据源集成系统查询分解和优化的实现[J].软件学报,2000,11(2):22-228.
[16] GARDEN G,MENSCH A.Integrating Heterogeneous Data Sources with XML and XQuery.Proceedings of 13th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications,2002:713-718.
[17]高明,宋翰涛.异构数据源集成应用模型及其查询处理方法.计算机工程,2003,29(15):91-92.
[18] LI Q Z,Indexing and Querying XML Data for Regular Path Expressions[C]. Proceedings of the 27th VLDB Conference,Roma,Italy,September 2001:361-370.
[19] WANG H Z,LI J Z,HE Z Y.An Effective Wrapper Architecture to Heterogeneous Data Source,17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and ApplicationsAINA2003,2003-03:565-568.
[20]许卓明,刘琴,懂逸生.基于关系数据库的XML存储技术评述[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,39(10):197-200.
[21]黄莹,杨明福.XML文档的存储方法研究[J].计算机工程,2002,28(5):281-283.
[22] FIEBIG T,HELMER S,KANNE C,etc.Anatomy of a Native XML Base Management System[C].The VLDB Journal,December 2002,11(4):292-314.
[23]何种,张申生.XML映射器的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2004:137-139.
[24]刘利.利用DOM技术实现XML与数据库映射的中间件[J].计算机与数字工程,2001 29(4):58-59.
[25]王亮.基于SQL的XML到关系数据库的转换方法[J].计算机应用研究,2002:70-72.
[26] FLORESCU D,KOSSMANN D.A Performance Evaluation of Alternative Mapping Schemes for Storing XML Data in a Relational Database,INRIA Technical Report, INRIA,1999.3:3680.
[27] LU S Y,SUN Y.A New Inlining Algorithm for Mapping XML DTDs to Relational Schemas[C].ER(Workshops),2003:366-377.
[28] LU S Y,SUN Y Z,A New Inlining Algorithm for Mapping XML DTDs to Relational Schemas.ER,Chicago,Illinois,USA,2003:366-377.
[29]马淑娇,李晓,周俊林.异构数据库集成中的XML技术探讨.计算机应用研究,2004:30-35.
[30]刘明涛.PDM中的产品数据管理.中国煤炭机械报:2005.8.
[31]窦万春,江剑,李东波.基于工作流的PDM-ERP集成系统研究.中国机械工程,2002(5):387-390.
[32]王晰巍,裘建新,范晓春.异地协同设计中的PDM与ERP的信息集成.吉林大学学报(工学版),2003(7): 86-97.
[33]陈晶,杜栋.PDM与ERP集成的技术及其实现[J].河海大学常州分校报,2003(6):31-35.
[34]刘建刚,韩向东.ERP与PDM的差异及集成模式研究.机械设计与制造工程,2002,31(5): 65-67.
[35]曾富东,曾富鸿,唐业等.PDM中BOM实现技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2001,4(8): 94-95.
[36]葛江华,随秀凛,刘胜辉.产品数据管理(PDM)技术及其应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002:35-50.
[37]纪丰伟,陈恳,刘敏等.基于PDM平台的过程控制技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS:2002,8(1):73-76.
[38]艾克.CAD/CAM/CAPP/PDM/ERP系统集成.计算机辅助设计及制造,2000(2):51-53.
[39]程琳,洪涛.CIMS环境下CAD/CAPP/CAM、PDM和ERP的集成.电子与信息化,2000(5):18-21.
[40]张小波,成良玉,钟闰禄等.基于B/S模式的异地同步协同技术的实现.计算机工程,2005,31(6):114-116.
[41]马桂芳,郭剑毅,温琪等.异构环境下基于Web的信息系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003:200-223.
[42]高奇微.PDM与ERP的集成[J].山东工程学院学报,2000,14(3):56-58.
[43]彭义兵.PDM与ERP集成的3种方法.中国制造业信息化,2003:40-41.
[44] TUFTE K,HE G.Relational databases for querying XML documents: Limitations and opportunities[C].Proceedings of the 25th VLDB Conference, Edinburgh,Scotland,1999:302-314.
[45] DEUTSCH A,FEMANDEZ M F,FLORESCU D,LEVY A Y,SUCIU D.A Query Language for XML[C].Computer Network31(11-16),May1999:1155-1169.
[46] ROBIE J,LAPP J,SCHACH D.XML Query Language(XQL).In Proceedings of the Query Language Workshop:December 1998.
[47] CHAMBERLIN D,ROBIC J.An XML Query Language for Heterogeneous Data Source.Web DB2000:May,2000.
[48] YOSHIKAWA M,AMAGASA T.XRel:A Path-Based Approach to Storage and Retrieval of XML Documents Using Relational Databases[C].ACM Transaction on Internet Technology, 2001:110-141.
[49]林毅,马登哲,严隽琪.企业战略驱动的PDM系统选型策略及其应用[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS,2002,8(6):433-437.
[50]杨海成,胡家齐,徐晓飞.制造业信息化技术问答[M].机械工业出版社,2003:28-40.
[2] WHITE C.XML从入门到精通(黄金版)[M].周生炳,译.电子工业出版社,2002:30-52.
[3]刘利.利用DOM技术实现XML与数据库映射的中间件[J].计算机与数字工程,2001,29(4):58-59.
[4]刑春晓.XML数据管理.张志强等译.清华大学出版社,2006:52-65.
[5] SILBERSCHAT A著.数据库系统概念[M].杨冬青,译.机械工业出版社,2003:15-20.
[6]万常选.XML数据库技术[M].清华大学出版社,2004:25-50.
[7]段洪秀,陶世群.一种XML到关系数据库的信息转换方法[J].山西大学学报,2005,28(4):46-48.
[8]梁利校,吴国平.一种基于XML的异构数据源集成方案.现代计算机, 2004,20(4):8-91.
[9]翟裕忠.一个基于XML的数据交换原型系统.计算机工程,2000:8-10.
[10]杨卫东.利用XML在数据库之间进行数据交换[J].无线电通信技术,2002,28(3):63-64.
[11]朱科支.使用XML进行数据交换及安全性[J].微处理机,2003:58-61.
[12]宋虹,陈松乔,杨路明.CIMS系统集成接口的研究[J].计算机技术与自动化,2000,(9):77-80.
[13]郝永平,苏向东.制造业信息集成接口技术研究[J].企业信息化报,2005:53-60.
[14] REESE G.JDBC与JAVA数据库编程(第二版)[M].中国电力出版社,2002:50-60.
[15]王宁,王能斌.异构数据源集成系统查询分解和优化的实现[J].软件学报,2000,11(2):22-228.
[16] GARDEN G,MENSCH A.Integrating Heterogeneous Data Sources with XML and XQuery.Proceedings of 13th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications,2002:713-718.
[17]高明,宋翰涛.异构数据源集成应用模型及其查询处理方法.计算机工程,2003,29(15):91-92.
[18] LI Q Z,Indexing and Querying XML Data for Regular Path Expressions[C]. Proceedings of the 27th VLDB Conference,Roma,Italy,September 2001:361-370.
[19] WANG H Z,LI J Z,HE Z Y.An Effective Wrapper Architecture to Heterogeneous Data Source,17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and ApplicationsAINA2003,2003-03:565-568.
[20]许卓明,刘琴,懂逸生.基于关系数据库的XML存储技术评述[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,39(10):197-200.
[21]黄莹,杨明福.XML文档的存储方法研究[J].计算机工程,2002,28(5):281-283.
[22] FIEBIG T,HELMER S,KANNE C,etc.Anatomy of a Native XML Base Management System[C].The VLDB Journal,December 2002,11(4):292-314.
[23]何种,张申生.XML映射器的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2004:137-139.
[24]刘利.利用DOM技术实现XML与数据库映射的中间件[J].计算机与数字工程,2001 29(4):58-59.
[25]王亮.基于SQL的XML到关系数据库的转换方法[J].计算机应用研究,2002:70-72.
[26] FLORESCU D,KOSSMANN D.A Performance Evaluation of Alternative Mapping Schemes for Storing XML Data in a Relational Database,INRIA Technical Report, INRIA,1999.3:3680.
[27] LU S Y,SUN Y.A New Inlining Algorithm for Mapping XML DTDs to Relational Schemas[C].ER(Workshops),2003:366-377.
[28] LU S Y,SUN Y Z,A New Inlining Algorithm for Mapping XML DTDs to Relational Schemas.ER,Chicago,Illinois,USA,2003:366-377.
[29]马淑娇,李晓,周俊林.异构数据库集成中的XML技术探讨.计算机应用研究,2004:30-35.
[30]刘明涛.PDM中的产品数据管理.中国煤炭机械报:2005.8.
[31]窦万春,江剑,李东波.基于工作流的PDM-ERP集成系统研究.中国机械工程,2002(5):387-390.
[32]王晰巍,裘建新,范晓春.异地协同设计中的PDM与ERP的信息集成.吉林大学学报(工学版),2003(7): 86-97.
[33]陈晶,杜栋.PDM与ERP集成的技术及其实现[J].河海大学常州分校报,2003(6):31-35.
[34]刘建刚,韩向东.ERP与PDM的差异及集成模式研究.机械设计与制造工程,2002,31(5): 65-67.
[35]曾富东,曾富鸿,唐业等.PDM中BOM实现技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2001,4(8): 94-95.
[36]葛江华,随秀凛,刘胜辉.产品数据管理(PDM)技术及其应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002:35-50.
[37]纪丰伟,陈恳,刘敏等.基于PDM平台的过程控制技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS:2002,8(1):73-76.
[38]艾克.CAD/CAM/CAPP/PDM/ERP系统集成.计算机辅助设计及制造,2000(2):51-53.
[39]程琳,洪涛.CIMS环境下CAD/CAPP/CAM、PDM和ERP的集成.电子与信息化,2000(5):18-21.
[40]张小波,成良玉,钟闰禄等.基于B/S模式的异地同步协同技术的实现.计算机工程,2005,31(6):114-116.
[41]马桂芳,郭剑毅,温琪等.异构环境下基于Web的信息系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003:200-223.
[42]高奇微.PDM与ERP的集成[J].山东工程学院学报,2000,14(3):56-58.
[43]彭义兵.PDM与ERP集成的3种方法.中国制造业信息化,2003:40-41.
[44] TUFTE K,HE G.Relational databases for querying XML documents: Limitations and opportunities[C].Proceedings of the 25th VLDB Conference, Edinburgh,Scotland,1999:302-314.
[45] DEUTSCH A,FEMANDEZ M F,FLORESCU D,LEVY A Y,SUCIU D.A Query Language for XML[C].Computer Network31(11-16),May1999:1155-1169.
[46] ROBIE J,LAPP J,SCHACH D.XML Query Language(XQL).In Proceedings of the Query Language Workshop:December 1998.
[47] CHAMBERLIN D,ROBIC J.An XML Query Language for Heterogeneous Data Source.Web DB2000:May,2000.
[48] YOSHIKAWA M,AMAGASA T.XRel:A Path-Based Approach to Storage and Retrieval of XML Documents Using Relational Databases[C].ACM Transaction on Internet Technology, 2001:110-141.
[49]林毅,马登哲,严隽琪.企业战略驱动的PDM系统选型策略及其应用[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS,2002,8(6):433-437.
[50]杨海成,胡家齐,徐晓飞.制造业信息化技术问答[M].机械工业出版社,2003:28-40.