淀粉生产线中央控制系统
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摘要
本课题是依据我国淀粉行业的加工业,而研制开发的变性淀粉生产线中央控制系统。随着经济和电子技术的飞速发展,依靠工业计算机中央控制系统在各行业中得到了广泛的应用。本文较全面地介绍了一种新型的变性淀粉生产线中央控制系统,它采用C/S的结构模式,以工业计算机作为上位机,可编程控制器PLC作为下位机,结合现场的智能传感器及可执行元器件,构成上位机与下位机相互通讯的变性淀粉生产线智能中央控制系统。
论文内容主要包括工业计算机中央控制系统的总体设计、工业计算机中央控制系统的硬件设计、工业计算机中央控制系统的软件设计和上下位机之间的相互协调与通讯。
首先,阐述了工业计算机中央控制系统的总体设计,通过对比分析各种使用方案和工业计算机中央控制系统各自的特点及使用范围,最终确定了本工业计算机中央控制系统的总体设计方案:选用工业计算机、可编程控制器PLC及智能仪器仪表,构成上位机(工业计算机)与下位机(可编程控制器PLC)相结合的控制模式,从而实现变性淀粉生产线的中央控制系统的控制目标。
其次,介绍了工业计算机中央控制系统的硬件设计选用,硬件部分核心部件为上位机的选用、下位机(可编程控制器PLC)的选用、智能仪器仪表的选用等等。
最后,论述了系统软件的设计,其中上位机采用力控6.0组态软件作为开发工具;可编程控制器PLC程序利用西门子公司梯形图编程软件step 7完成。
整套控制系统经过在福建省三明百事达淀粉有限公司实际使用后,不仅提高了生产效率、降低了工人的劳动强度,而且提高了淀粉的质量,为用户实现了现代化生产、集中管理和分散控制的科学生产模式。另外,本方案对其他行业的控制亦有很好的借鉴和指导作用。
Automatic control system has been widely used in various fields of human society. In industry, for agriculture, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and other production processes encountered in a variety of physical quantities, including temperature, flow, pressure, thickness, tension, speed, location, frequency, phase, which have a corresponding control system . On this basis, through the use of digital computer control performance has also established a better and more automated digital control system, and has the dual function control and management of the process control system. Applications in agriculture, including starch production line automatic control system, agricultural machinery, automatic operating system, the water level automatic control system. In military technology, automatic control of the application examples are various types of servo systems, fire control systems, guidance and control systems. In the aerospace, aviation and navigation, in addition to various forms of control systems, application areas include navigation systems, remote control systems and simulators. In addition, office automation, library management, traffic management and even the daily household chores, the automatic control technology also has a practical application. With the control theory and control technology, automatic control system applications are still expanding, almost related to biological, medical, ecological, economic, social and all other areas.
Authors involved in the design of the Fujian Baishida starch factory production line starches central control system project, described the central control system of the control problem. The starch production line using C/S structure model to industrial computer as host computer, programmable controller, PLC as the next-bit machines, combined with smart sensors and scene executable components, constitute the host computer to communicate with the next crew of starch production line Intelligent Central Control System. Central automatic control system mainly includes: Host Computer hardware and software design, the next bit plane plc software and hardware design and intelligent instrumentation design of the site selection and so forth. Host computer use Advantech industrial computers industrial computer as the Host, using a stable and reliable platform for win2000 system, force control 6.0 control interface configuration software as the development of programming tools, means of communication with the next crew on the use of Profibus DP communications. Lower computer use Siemens s7-300, main control unit S7-300 through the analog input module to receive on-site sensor data, calculated by the internal transmitted to the host computer for processing, host computer data will be processed, the command results back to the main control unit S7-300, adopted after the analog output module or I/O modules for field measuring instrument or enforceability of the device control.
In the system design process, I based on operation of the system flow and production requirements, to the manufacturers proposed a "multi-point intelligent control law" thinking, after testing the method has been recognized manufacturers. The method adopted by the Guangxi Science and Technology Agency Science and Technology project on the modified starch in the program. Technical principles according to the reaction of modified starch production equipment and materials bit different from the reaction of chemicals inside to add multi-point injection technology to attack key points, in charge of road passing through the reaction of chemicals to separate the pivot tank during transportation, according to Different level, different pressure, different conductivity, using multi-mode added. Of chemicals into the reactor under medium pressure difference in different circumstances, using circular slope, according to a certain percentage of the geometric distribution of the pipeline in the uniform distribution of chemicals to each distribution layer, allowing access to various parts of the chemical Add the amount of the same, the reaction chain at different levels of starch milk mixture evenly to ensure that all levels of the starch and chemicals have full access to avoid the starch inside the local chemical excess, resulting in side effects, and paste to fully enhance the chemical reaction of starch milk quality and efficiency. At the same time, through the formulation process of the modified starch DCS automatic control and related software development and deployment of a second to carry out closed loop automatic centralized control and operation to ensure peace throughout the reaction process variability, stability, and improve product quality and yield, reduce chemical add volume, reduce production costs. Modified starch production by DCS automatic control system, control, and computer-controlled starch and production of software development and deployment of a second to realize automatic production line equipment.
In the debugging process, I am in the field according to manufacturer's ad hoc requests from some of its content has been adjusted to achieve the recognition and satisfaction of the manufacturers! Due to limited experience in hardware design, there are still many deficiencies, such as: analog interference, strong power handling problems still need to work even harder and practice.
Through this project design, implementation and debugging, automatic control system of the central parts included, there has been a deeper understanding. A central control system is applied to control and use of a computer involved in a number of auxiliary components associated with the controlled object in order to obtain a certain control purposes constitute the system. Here the computer is usually industrial computer (IPC for short). Accessories mainly refers to input and output interfaces, detection devices and implementation of the devices. Contact with the controlled object and the connection between components, which can be wired methods, such as analog signals through cable or digital signal contact; also be a wireless means, such as infrared, microwaves, radio waves, light waves and so on contact. Charged with a wide range of objects, include a variety of production processes, mechanical devices, vehicles, robots, experimental apparatus, instrumentation, home living facilities, home appliances and children's toys. Control purposes can be accused of the object is to make the process has reached a certain state or movement requirements, can also be optimized to achieve a certain goal. The same as the general control systems, computer control system can be closed-loop, and then the computer to continuously collect information on various states of the controlled object, according to a certain degree of control strategies after treatment, the output control information directly affect the controlled object. It can also be open-loop, and this in two ways: one is the computer only in chronological order, or the rules of a given impact was charged object; the other is the computer information processing from the controlled object, it only to provide operational guidance to the operator information, and then by hand to influence the controlled object. Computer control system by the control part and the controlled object is composed of some of their control of hardware components and software components, which is different from the analog controller, the system constituted only by the hardware component. Computer control system software, including system software and application software. System software typically includes operating systems, language processing and service procedures, they are usually complete by the computer manufacturer for the user, there is a certain degree of versatility. Applications are designed for the purpose of achieving specific control of the preparation of the special procedures, such as data collection procedures, controls decision-making process, output processing and alarm processing procedures. They involve the controlled object's own features and control strategies, from the implementation of the control system of self-prepared professionals. The successful completion of this project and acceptance of, the central control system realization method, for researchers engaged in related fields has a certain referential significance.
For our successful completion of this project and acceptance of, the central control system realization method, the researchers engaged in related fields has a certain referential significance.
论文内容主要包括工业计算机中央控制系统的总体设计、工业计算机中央控制系统的硬件设计、工业计算机中央控制系统的软件设计和上下位机之间的相互协调与通讯。
首先,阐述了工业计算机中央控制系统的总体设计,通过对比分析各种使用方案和工业计算机中央控制系统各自的特点及使用范围,最终确定了本工业计算机中央控制系统的总体设计方案:选用工业计算机、可编程控制器PLC及智能仪器仪表,构成上位机(工业计算机)与下位机(可编程控制器PLC)相结合的控制模式,从而实现变性淀粉生产线的中央控制系统的控制目标。
其次,介绍了工业计算机中央控制系统的硬件设计选用,硬件部分核心部件为上位机的选用、下位机(可编程控制器PLC)的选用、智能仪器仪表的选用等等。
最后,论述了系统软件的设计,其中上位机采用力控6.0组态软件作为开发工具;可编程控制器PLC程序利用西门子公司梯形图编程软件step 7完成。
整套控制系统经过在福建省三明百事达淀粉有限公司实际使用后,不仅提高了生产效率、降低了工人的劳动强度,而且提高了淀粉的质量,为用户实现了现代化生产、集中管理和分散控制的科学生产模式。另外,本方案对其他行业的控制亦有很好的借鉴和指导作用。
Automatic control system has been widely used in various fields of human society. In industry, for agriculture, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and other production processes encountered in a variety of physical quantities, including temperature, flow, pressure, thickness, tension, speed, location, frequency, phase, which have a corresponding control system . On this basis, through the use of digital computer control performance has also established a better and more automated digital control system, and has the dual function control and management of the process control system. Applications in agriculture, including starch production line automatic control system, agricultural machinery, automatic operating system, the water level automatic control system. In military technology, automatic control of the application examples are various types of servo systems, fire control systems, guidance and control systems. In the aerospace, aviation and navigation, in addition to various forms of control systems, application areas include navigation systems, remote control systems and simulators. In addition, office automation, library management, traffic management and even the daily household chores, the automatic control technology also has a practical application. With the control theory and control technology, automatic control system applications are still expanding, almost related to biological, medical, ecological, economic, social and all other areas.
Authors involved in the design of the Fujian Baishida starch factory production line starches central control system project, described the central control system of the control problem. The starch production line using C/S structure model to industrial computer as host computer, programmable controller, PLC as the next-bit machines, combined with smart sensors and scene executable components, constitute the host computer to communicate with the next crew of starch production line Intelligent Central Control System. Central automatic control system mainly includes: Host Computer hardware and software design, the next bit plane plc software and hardware design and intelligent instrumentation design of the site selection and so forth. Host computer use Advantech industrial computers industrial computer as the Host, using a stable and reliable platform for win2000 system, force control 6.0 control interface configuration software as the development of programming tools, means of communication with the next crew on the use of Profibus DP communications. Lower computer use Siemens s7-300, main control unit S7-300 through the analog input module to receive on-site sensor data, calculated by the internal transmitted to the host computer for processing, host computer data will be processed, the command results back to the main control unit S7-300, adopted after the analog output module or I/O modules for field measuring instrument or enforceability of the device control.
In the system design process, I based on operation of the system flow and production requirements, to the manufacturers proposed a "multi-point intelligent control law" thinking, after testing the method has been recognized manufacturers. The method adopted by the Guangxi Science and Technology Agency Science and Technology project on the modified starch in the program. Technical principles according to the reaction of modified starch production equipment and materials bit different from the reaction of chemicals inside to add multi-point injection technology to attack key points, in charge of road passing through the reaction of chemicals to separate the pivot tank during transportation, according to Different level, different pressure, different conductivity, using multi-mode added. Of chemicals into the reactor under medium pressure difference in different circumstances, using circular slope, according to a certain percentage of the geometric distribution of the pipeline in the uniform distribution of chemicals to each distribution layer, allowing access to various parts of the chemical Add the amount of the same, the reaction chain at different levels of starch milk mixture evenly to ensure that all levels of the starch and chemicals have full access to avoid the starch inside the local chemical excess, resulting in side effects, and paste to fully enhance the chemical reaction of starch milk quality and efficiency. At the same time, through the formulation process of the modified starch DCS automatic control and related software development and deployment of a second to carry out closed loop automatic centralized control and operation to ensure peace throughout the reaction process variability, stability, and improve product quality and yield, reduce chemical add volume, reduce production costs. Modified starch production by DCS automatic control system, control, and computer-controlled starch and production of software development and deployment of a second to realize automatic production line equipment.
In the debugging process, I am in the field according to manufacturer's ad hoc requests from some of its content has been adjusted to achieve the recognition and satisfaction of the manufacturers! Due to limited experience in hardware design, there are still many deficiencies, such as: analog interference, strong power handling problems still need to work even harder and practice.
Through this project design, implementation and debugging, automatic control system of the central parts included, there has been a deeper understanding. A central control system is applied to control and use of a computer involved in a number of auxiliary components associated with the controlled object in order to obtain a certain control purposes constitute the system. Here the computer is usually industrial computer (IPC for short). Accessories mainly refers to input and output interfaces, detection devices and implementation of the devices. Contact with the controlled object and the connection between components, which can be wired methods, such as analog signals through cable or digital signal contact; also be a wireless means, such as infrared, microwaves, radio waves, light waves and so on contact. Charged with a wide range of objects, include a variety of production processes, mechanical devices, vehicles, robots, experimental apparatus, instrumentation, home living facilities, home appliances and children's toys. Control purposes can be accused of the object is to make the process has reached a certain state or movement requirements, can also be optimized to achieve a certain goal. The same as the general control systems, computer control system can be closed-loop, and then the computer to continuously collect information on various states of the controlled object, according to a certain degree of control strategies after treatment, the output control information directly affect the controlled object. It can also be open-loop, and this in two ways: one is the computer only in chronological order, or the rules of a given impact was charged object; the other is the computer information processing from the controlled object, it only to provide operational guidance to the operator information, and then by hand to influence the controlled object. Computer control system by the control part and the controlled object is composed of some of their control of hardware components and software components, which is different from the analog controller, the system constituted only by the hardware component. Computer control system software, including system software and application software. System software typically includes operating systems, language processing and service procedures, they are usually complete by the computer manufacturer for the user, there is a certain degree of versatility. Applications are designed for the purpose of achieving specific control of the preparation of the special procedures, such as data collection procedures, controls decision-making process, output processing and alarm processing procedures. They involve the controlled object's own features and control strategies, from the implementation of the control system of self-prepared professionals. The successful completion of this project and acceptance of, the central control system realization method, for researchers engaged in related fields has a certain referential significance.
For our successful completion of this project and acceptance of, the central control system realization method, the researchers engaged in related fields has a certain referential significance.
引文
[1]浅谈我国木薯淀粉发展(八),2008-08-06. http://www.100ye.com/news/415488-740049.html
[2]韦巍智能控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[3]宋宏伟,甄然加油站中央控制系统的设计与实现[J]《微计算机信息》(测控自动化)2006年第22卷第6-1期
[4]李国栋周晓IBM微型机计算机与PLC的联网和通信冶金自动化.1992(1)
[5]《可编程控制器原理及应用》,顾战松、陈铁年编著,国防工业出版社1996
[6]宋伯生编著,可编程控制器配置、编程、联网,中国气象出版社,1995-5
[7]孙延才DCS分散型计算机控制系统海洋出版社
[8]许顺孝工业微机与计算机的通信.集美大学学报.1998 (2)
[9]王彦波淀粉生产及质量控制技术1998
[10]廖常初S7-300/400PLC应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005..
[11]基于PLC的马铃薯淀粉生产线下位机控制系统-哈尔滨理工大学学报2005-10(5)
[12]蔺勇马铃薯淀粉生产自动化控制中的物料平衡算法[期刊论文] -宁夏师范学院学报2008(03)
[13]沈聿农传感器及应用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[14]周乐挺传感器与检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[15]王家桢等传感器与变送器[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[16]Graney, Glenn. Batching with SP88-Compliant Software and PLCs.Instrumentattion &Control Systems.1994
[17]Hintz, Kenneth. Microcontrollers, Atchitechture, Implementation,& Programming[J], McGraw-Hill, 1992.
[18]Jan Axelsan·Serial Port Complete Programming and Circuits for RS422 and RS485 Links and Networks·Hardly Publish Company·2001-5
[19]Kyungmoon Nho. Automatic landing system design using fuzzy logic [R]. AIAA-98-4484, Berkeley:Univ of California , 1998
[20]Modern Control Systems(现代控制系统,第9版,英文影印版),Richard C. Dorf Robert H. Bishop著,科学出版社,2002
[21]Linear Control Systems Engineering(线性控制系统工程,英文影印版),Morris Driels著,清华大学出版社,2001
[22]《S7-300软冗余指南》西门子公司内部刊物
[23] Rudiger Dorbusch.Policy making in the Open Economy[M].Oxford University Press Inc., 1993: 149
[25]Mulgrew B,Applying BP. .IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1996,13, 13 (2) :50～65 .
[25]Kotka. Neural network for prediction of superheater fireside corrosion in atmospheric fluidized hed comhustion .1998,Vol.10, Vol.10 :114～153
[26]T. E. Marlin. Process control .Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Educations, 1995, :59～66
[27]Hersh MA,&Johnson MA. A study of advanced control systems in the work place .Control Engineering Practice, 1997-5-5 (6) :771～778
[2]韦巍智能控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[3]宋宏伟,甄然加油站中央控制系统的设计与实现[J]《微计算机信息》(测控自动化)2006年第22卷第6-1期
[4]李国栋周晓IBM微型机计算机与PLC的联网和通信冶金自动化.1992(1)
[5]《可编程控制器原理及应用》,顾战松、陈铁年编著,国防工业出版社1996
[6]宋伯生编著,可编程控制器配置、编程、联网,中国气象出版社,1995-5
[7]孙延才DCS分散型计算机控制系统海洋出版社
[8]许顺孝工业微机与计算机的通信.集美大学学报.1998 (2)
[9]王彦波淀粉生产及质量控制技术1998
[10]廖常初S7-300/400PLC应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005..
[11]基于PLC的马铃薯淀粉生产线下位机控制系统-哈尔滨理工大学学报2005-10(5)
[12]蔺勇马铃薯淀粉生产自动化控制中的物料平衡算法[期刊论文] -宁夏师范学院学报2008(03)
[13]沈聿农传感器及应用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[14]周乐挺传感器与检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[15]王家桢等传感器与变送器[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[16]Graney, Glenn. Batching with SP88-Compliant Software and PLCs.Instrumentattion &Control Systems.1994
[17]Hintz, Kenneth. Microcontrollers, Atchitechture, Implementation,& Programming[J], McGraw-Hill, 1992.
[18]Jan Axelsan·Serial Port Complete Programming and Circuits for RS422 and RS485 Links and Networks·Hardly Publish Company·2001-5
[19]Kyungmoon Nho. Automatic landing system design using fuzzy logic [R]. AIAA-98-4484, Berkeley:Univ of California , 1998
[20]Modern Control Systems(现代控制系统,第9版,英文影印版),Richard C. Dorf Robert H. Bishop著,科学出版社,2002
[21]Linear Control Systems Engineering(线性控制系统工程,英文影印版),Morris Driels著,清华大学出版社,2001
[22]《S7-300软冗余指南》西门子公司内部刊物
[23] Rudiger Dorbusch.Policy making in the Open Economy[M].Oxford University Press Inc., 1993: 149
[25]Mulgrew B,Applying BP. .IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1996,13, 13 (2) :50～65 .
[25]Kotka. Neural network for prediction of superheater fireside corrosion in atmospheric fluidized hed comhustion .1998,Vol.10, Vol.10 :114～153
[26]T. E. Marlin. Process control .Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Educations, 1995, :59～66
[27]Hersh MA,&Johnson MA. A study of advanced control systems in the work place .Control Engineering Practice, 1997-5-5 (6) :771～778