基于逆向工程的旋涡风机流场分析及性能研究
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摘要
旋涡风机是吹吸两用的压力源和真空发生装置,它在国民经济中有着极为广泛的应用,研究旋涡风机的工作机理及工作性能具有重要的理论意义和现实指导作用。我国在旋涡风机工作机理的研究、设计和制造等方面与国际先进水平还存在较大差距。逆向工程的出现,为快速吸收和消化国际先进技术提供了一种快捷有效的手段。论文以国外一旋涡风机作为研究对象,运用逆向工程技术实现旋涡风机叶轮的逆向制造,在此过程中对涉及到的旋涡风机基本理论、逆向工程技术以及CFD流场分析技术做了深入而系统的研究。
论文首先对旋涡风机作了详细介绍,分析其工作原理,推导了旋涡风机流场内的欧拉方程。提出了将逆向工程技术和CFD技术结合应用于旋涡风机的研究中,以旋涡风机唯一做功部件——叶轮为例,对测量过程做了详细的规划,采用接触式测量和非接触式测量相结合的方法完成叶轮的数据采集。在ImageWare中进行数据处理,提取叶轮几何模型的特征参数,并在三维软件PRO/E里完成叶轮的CAD模型。根据CAD模型,建立旋涡风机二维流动模型,在FLUENT内探讨纵向旋涡的形成过程,从压力分布图、速度矢量分布图等方面分析旋涡风机的流动过程及流动特征,计算结果与已有文献一致。将设计的叶轮实物化,分析其加工误差,定性研究了叶轮几何参数、气体流动速度、间隙及隔板等因素对旋涡风机性能的影响,利用现有仪器测得旋涡风机压力-流量关系曲线。
本文的研究,提供了旋涡风机有效的测量数据和准确的CAD模型;通过旋涡风机的数值模拟,证实了纵向旋涡的存在,验证了前人旋涡理论假说的正确性;较成功地实现了叶轮的制造,明确了几何参数对旋涡风机性能的影响,为旋涡风机的设计、研究工作提供理论指导和依据。
Regenerative blower is a pressure source for air blowing and drawing as well as a vacuum deaerating device which is widely used in national economy. So the research on regenerative blower's work principle and performances is of both theoretical and practical significance. However, China still lags far behind advanced international standards in such aspects as the research of regenerative blower's work principle, its design and manufacture etc. Fortunately, reverse engineering (RE) can provide an effective shortcut to the digestion and absorption of international advanced technology. This thesis which takes a foreign regenerative blower as the research object realizes the reverse manufacturing of impeller by making use of the RE technology, while at the same time makes an in-depth and systemized research on the basic principles of the regenerative blower, RE technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis technology.
The regenerative blower's theory is introduced firstly in detail in the thesis, including the blower's work principle and Euler equation. It is then proposed to study the blower integrating RE and CFD technology. As the blower's only working part, the impeller is taken as an example to present the reverse design process, including data collection, data processing, feature extraction and CAD model reconstruction. According to the CAD model, the regenerative blower's 2D flow model is established and the formation of longitudinal vortex is explored, then the flow characteristics are analyzed in the perspective of pressure distribution and velocity distribution etc in FLUENT. The results are in line with the existing literature. In accordance with the design of impeller, a new impeller is manufactured and its manufacturing error is detected. Some factors which have impacts on the blower's performance are studied qualitatively. Finally, the P-Q curve is got.
Effective measurement data and accurate CAD models are provided in the thesis. By numerical simulation, the existence of longitudinal vortices is confirmed and the correctness of the theoretical hypothesis of predecessors is verified at the same time. At last, a new impeller is manufactured successfully according to the reverse design, and the influence of the geometric parameters on the regenerative blower's performance is nailed down, which lays a theoretical foundation for blower's design and research.
论文首先对旋涡风机作了详细介绍,分析其工作原理,推导了旋涡风机流场内的欧拉方程。提出了将逆向工程技术和CFD技术结合应用于旋涡风机的研究中,以旋涡风机唯一做功部件——叶轮为例,对测量过程做了详细的规划,采用接触式测量和非接触式测量相结合的方法完成叶轮的数据采集。在ImageWare中进行数据处理,提取叶轮几何模型的特征参数,并在三维软件PRO/E里完成叶轮的CAD模型。根据CAD模型,建立旋涡风机二维流动模型,在FLUENT内探讨纵向旋涡的形成过程,从压力分布图、速度矢量分布图等方面分析旋涡风机的流动过程及流动特征,计算结果与已有文献一致。将设计的叶轮实物化,分析其加工误差,定性研究了叶轮几何参数、气体流动速度、间隙及隔板等因素对旋涡风机性能的影响,利用现有仪器测得旋涡风机压力-流量关系曲线。
本文的研究,提供了旋涡风机有效的测量数据和准确的CAD模型;通过旋涡风机的数值模拟,证实了纵向旋涡的存在,验证了前人旋涡理论假说的正确性;较成功地实现了叶轮的制造,明确了几何参数对旋涡风机性能的影响,为旋涡风机的设计、研究工作提供理论指导和依据。
Regenerative blower is a pressure source for air blowing and drawing as well as a vacuum deaerating device which is widely used in national economy. So the research on regenerative blower's work principle and performances is of both theoretical and practical significance. However, China still lags far behind advanced international standards in such aspects as the research of regenerative blower's work principle, its design and manufacture etc. Fortunately, reverse engineering (RE) can provide an effective shortcut to the digestion and absorption of international advanced technology. This thesis which takes a foreign regenerative blower as the research object realizes the reverse manufacturing of impeller by making use of the RE technology, while at the same time makes an in-depth and systemized research on the basic principles of the regenerative blower, RE technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis technology.
The regenerative blower's theory is introduced firstly in detail in the thesis, including the blower's work principle and Euler equation. It is then proposed to study the blower integrating RE and CFD technology. As the blower's only working part, the impeller is taken as an example to present the reverse design process, including data collection, data processing, feature extraction and CAD model reconstruction. According to the CAD model, the regenerative blower's 2D flow model is established and the formation of longitudinal vortex is explored, then the flow characteristics are analyzed in the perspective of pressure distribution and velocity distribution etc in FLUENT. The results are in line with the existing literature. In accordance with the design of impeller, a new impeller is manufactured and its manufacturing error is detected. Some factors which have impacts on the blower's performance are studied qualitatively. Finally, the P-Q curve is got.
Effective measurement data and accurate CAD models are provided in the thesis. By numerical simulation, the existence of longitudinal vortices is confirmed and the correctness of the theoretical hypothesis of predecessors is verified at the same time. At last, a new impeller is manufactured successfully according to the reverse design, and the influence of the geometric parameters on the regenerative blower's performance is nailed down, which lays a theoretical foundation for blower's design and research.
引文
1.王福军.计算流体动力学分析——CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004,9
2.邓海波,高慎琴.国外旋涡式风机的试验研究进展[J].风机技术,1992(4):25-30
3.周文彬,杨敏官等.旋流泵的现状与发展方向浅析[J].水泵技术,2007(6):1-3
4.M.A.Langthjem~*,N.Olhoff.A numerical study of flow-induced noise in a two-dimensional centrifugal pump.Part Ⅱ.Hydroacoustics.Journal of Fluids and Structures[J]2004(19):369-386
5.董颖,施卫东,沙毅,汪永志,李传君.旋涡泵的研究现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2004(3):74-76
6.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(一).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(3):49-51
7.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(二).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(4):46-47
8.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(三).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(5):44-48
9.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(四).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(6):44-48
10.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(五).化工装备技术[J],2003,24(1):43-45
11.A.Rashkovan,E.Sher,H.Kalman.Experimental optimization of an electric blower by corona wind[J].Applied Thermal Engineering.2002,22:1587-1599
12.金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003,8
13.程新平,李力,张科.逆向工程技术在水泵叶轮测量和加工中的应用[J].CAD/CAM 与制造业信息化,2004,12-50-52
14.慈瑞梅.基于CMM测量数据的曲面重构关键技术研究与实现[D].[博士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2005
15.Forman BEng(Hons) MSC CEng MICE MIHT MITA.RAPID DATA COLLECTION AT MAJOR INCIDENT SCENESUSING THREE DIMENSIONAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES[J].IEEE.2000
16.刘达新,董玉德等.三坐标测量机一般表面上的自适应采样规划[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2009,21(5):700-707
17.吴剑锋,王文,陈子辰.激光三角法测量误差分析与精度提高研究[J].机电工程,2003,20(5):89-91
18.王红敏,石沛林.三坐标测量机测头半径补偿误差计算[J].工具技术,2003,37(7):63-65
19.杨洪涛.坐标测量机误差建模与修正技术研究[D].[博士学位论文].安徽:合肥工业大学,2007
20.李大鹏,崔洋.三坐标测量机在逆向工程的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2007(7):72-74
21.30.M.Abbe,K.Takamasu,S.Ozono.Reliability on calibration of CMM[J].Measurement,2003(33):359-268
22.张畅等.快速造型技术中的反求工程[J].中国机械工程,1997,8(5),60-62
23.郭良刚,陈勇,刘雄伟.逆向工程技术在复杂型面模具设计中的应用研究[J].模具工业,2002(1),12-17
24.赵复荣,祁大同,张义云,曹淑珍.低压旋涡风机的设计与实验[J].流体机械,2000,28(10):5-6
25.A.J.Pesarini,R.Bigot,V.J.Nadal Mora,C.A.Di Bernardi,P.J.Ringegni.Theoretical analysis related to aspects of the pitot probe methodology in flow rate determination for blowers performance tests[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2002,12:373-377
26.毛君,张利蓉,丁飞,李蕾.基于FLUENT的叶轮机械内部流场的模拟研究[J].风机技术,2007(5):10-11
27.Jim McColl.Pump Industry Analyst[J].August 2007:12-13
28.J.W.Hollenberg,J.H.Potter(刘相臣等译).再生式鼓风机和泵的研究[J].化工装备技术,1992(13)
29.王瑞金,张凯,王刚.FLUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2007
30.Joanna Mason,Martin Homer,R.Eddie Wilson.Mathematical models of gear rattle in Roots blower vacuum pumps[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration 2007,308:
31.何炜.马静.多重参考系法和滑移网格法在汽车前端进气数值模拟中的比较[J].计算机辅助工程,2007.16(3):96-100
32.M.A.Langthjem~*,N.Olhoff.A numerical study of flow-induced noise in a two-dimensional centrifugal pump.Part Ⅰ.Hydrodynamics Journal of Fluids and Structures[J].2004(19):349-368
33.施卫东,董颖,马新华,沙毅,孔繁余.流道截面形状对旋涡泵内部流动影响的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(3):21-23
34.任春生.旋涡风机及性能换算[D].[硕士学位论文].上海:华东理工大学.2004
35.董颖,施卫东,汪永志.旋涡泵的内部流动研究[J].水泵技术,2004:18-20
36.李纪.基于数值模拟的旋涡鼓风机性能研究[D].[硕士学位论文].四川:西南交通大学.2008
37.杨静.叶轮机械轴向蜗壳内部流动的数值分析[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
38.沙毅.旋涡泵叶片数实验研究与设计[J].流体机械,1995,23(10):9-10
39.Hideo Araseki,Igor R.Kirillov,Gennady V.Preslitsky,Anatoly P.Ogorodnikov.Magnetohydrodynamic instability in annular linear induction pump Part Ⅰ.Experiment and numerical analysis.Nuclear Engineering and Design.2004(227):29-50
40.张文俊.旋涡机械强度校核系统的开发与应用[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
41.屠大燕.流体力学与流体机械[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008,6
42.李金海.旋流泵三维流场数值模拟及性能预测[D].[硕士学位论文].江苏:河海大学,2004
43.Hideo Araseki,Igor R.Kirillov,Gennady V.Preslitsky,Anatoly P.Ogomdnikov.Magnetohydrodynamie instability in annular linear induction pump Part Ⅱ.Suppression of instability by phase shift.Nuclear Engineering and Design.2006(236):965-974
44.王亚荣.离心通风机变工况流动特性数值分析[D].[硕士学位论文].河北:华北电力大学,2002
45.侯树强,王灿星.叶轮机械内部流场数值模拟研究综述[J].流体机械,2005,33(5):30-34
46.陈海生,谭春青.叶轮机械内部流动研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(2):1-12
47.A.P.Tschiptschin,C.R.EAzevedo,Failure analysis of turbo-blower blades[J].Engineering Failure Analysis.2005,12:49-59
48.张红姝.矿井离心扇风机的参数设计及优化研究[D].[硕士学位论文].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2007
49.陈炎.逆向工程在曲面零件设计中的应用[D].[硕士学位论文].河北:燕山大学,2007
2.邓海波,高慎琴.国外旋涡式风机的试验研究进展[J].风机技术,1992(4):25-30
3.周文彬,杨敏官等.旋流泵的现状与发展方向浅析[J].水泵技术,2007(6):1-3
4.M.A.Langthjem~*,N.Olhoff.A numerical study of flow-induced noise in a two-dimensional centrifugal pump.Part Ⅱ.Hydroacoustics.Journal of Fluids and Structures[J]2004(19):369-386
5.董颖,施卫东,沙毅,汪永志,李传君.旋涡泵的研究现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2004(3):74-76
6.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(一).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(3):49-51
7.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(二).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(4):46-47
8.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(三).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(5):44-48
9.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(四).化工装备技术[J],2002,23(6):44-48
10.刘相臣.旋涡气泵的基本原理与设计(五).化工装备技术[J],2003,24(1):43-45
11.A.Rashkovan,E.Sher,H.Kalman.Experimental optimization of an electric blower by corona wind[J].Applied Thermal Engineering.2002,22:1587-1599
12.金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003,8
13.程新平,李力,张科.逆向工程技术在水泵叶轮测量和加工中的应用[J].CAD/CAM 与制造业信息化,2004,12-50-52
14.慈瑞梅.基于CMM测量数据的曲面重构关键技术研究与实现[D].[博士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2005
15.Forman BEng(Hons) MSC CEng MICE MIHT MITA.RAPID DATA COLLECTION AT MAJOR INCIDENT SCENESUSING THREE DIMENSIONAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES[J].IEEE.2000
16.刘达新,董玉德等.三坐标测量机一般表面上的自适应采样规划[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2009,21(5):700-707
17.吴剑锋,王文,陈子辰.激光三角法测量误差分析与精度提高研究[J].机电工程,2003,20(5):89-91
18.王红敏,石沛林.三坐标测量机测头半径补偿误差计算[J].工具技术,2003,37(7):63-65
19.杨洪涛.坐标测量机误差建模与修正技术研究[D].[博士学位论文].安徽:合肥工业大学,2007
20.李大鹏,崔洋.三坐标测量机在逆向工程的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2007(7):72-74
21.30.M.Abbe,K.Takamasu,S.Ozono.Reliability on calibration of CMM[J].Measurement,2003(33):359-268
22.张畅等.快速造型技术中的反求工程[J].中国机械工程,1997,8(5),60-62
23.郭良刚,陈勇,刘雄伟.逆向工程技术在复杂型面模具设计中的应用研究[J].模具工业,2002(1),12-17
24.赵复荣,祁大同,张义云,曹淑珍.低压旋涡风机的设计与实验[J].流体机械,2000,28(10):5-6
25.A.J.Pesarini,R.Bigot,V.J.Nadal Mora,C.A.Di Bernardi,P.J.Ringegni.Theoretical analysis related to aspects of the pitot probe methodology in flow rate determination for blowers performance tests[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2002,12:373-377
26.毛君,张利蓉,丁飞,李蕾.基于FLUENT的叶轮机械内部流场的模拟研究[J].风机技术,2007(5):10-11
27.Jim McColl.Pump Industry Analyst[J].August 2007:12-13
28.J.W.Hollenberg,J.H.Potter(刘相臣等译).再生式鼓风机和泵的研究[J].化工装备技术,1992(13)
29.王瑞金,张凯,王刚.FLUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2007
30.Joanna Mason,Martin Homer,R.Eddie Wilson.Mathematical models of gear rattle in Roots blower vacuum pumps[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration 2007,308:
31.何炜.马静.多重参考系法和滑移网格法在汽车前端进气数值模拟中的比较[J].计算机辅助工程,2007.16(3):96-100
32.M.A.Langthjem~*,N.Olhoff.A numerical study of flow-induced noise in a two-dimensional centrifugal pump.Part Ⅰ.Hydrodynamics Journal of Fluids and Structures[J].2004(19):349-368
33.施卫东,董颖,马新华,沙毅,孔繁余.流道截面形状对旋涡泵内部流动影响的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(3):21-23
34.任春生.旋涡风机及性能换算[D].[硕士学位论文].上海:华东理工大学.2004
35.董颖,施卫东,汪永志.旋涡泵的内部流动研究[J].水泵技术,2004:18-20
36.李纪.基于数值模拟的旋涡鼓风机性能研究[D].[硕士学位论文].四川:西南交通大学.2008
37.杨静.叶轮机械轴向蜗壳内部流动的数值分析[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
38.沙毅.旋涡泵叶片数实验研究与设计[J].流体机械,1995,23(10):9-10
39.Hideo Araseki,Igor R.Kirillov,Gennady V.Preslitsky,Anatoly P.Ogorodnikov.Magnetohydrodynamic instability in annular linear induction pump Part Ⅰ.Experiment and numerical analysis.Nuclear Engineering and Design.2004(227):29-50
40.张文俊.旋涡机械强度校核系统的开发与应用[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
41.屠大燕.流体力学与流体机械[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008,6
42.李金海.旋流泵三维流场数值模拟及性能预测[D].[硕士学位论文].江苏:河海大学,2004
43.Hideo Araseki,Igor R.Kirillov,Gennady V.Preslitsky,Anatoly P.Ogomdnikov.Magnetohydrodynamie instability in annular linear induction pump Part Ⅱ.Suppression of instability by phase shift.Nuclear Engineering and Design.2006(236):965-974
44.王亚荣.离心通风机变工况流动特性数值分析[D].[硕士学位论文].河北:华北电力大学,2002
45.侯树强,王灿星.叶轮机械内部流场数值模拟研究综述[J].流体机械,2005,33(5):30-34
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