基于共同结构规范的船舶疲劳强度研究及抗疲劳设计
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摘要
2006年4月,IACS颁布了《散货船共同结构规范》和《双壳油船共同结构规范》,在船级社历史上第一次将疲劳强度列入散货船与油船的船级条件。但二者对疲劳强度的评估采用了重大不同的处理方法,造成了计算结果的差异。本文对CSR的疲劳强度评估部分做了较为深入的研究,主要工作内容有以下几个方面:
1)系统阐述《散货船共同结构规范》和《双壳油船共同结构规范》疲劳强度评估的基本流程和主要内容,发现二者疲劳评估方法还是存在着比较大的差异,主要表现在疲劳载荷、工况、应力合成、S-N曲线、Weibull形状参数、热点应力插值方式等方面。
2)重点从以下三个对疲劳评估结果起着决定性作用的关键点入手,对CSR疲劳评估进行深入研究:
(1)疲劳载荷的确定;
(2)疲劳校核部位的选取;
(3)热点应力法中有限元网格尺寸的确定及热点应力提取与插值方式:
3)根据CSR疲劳强度评估要求,从影响焊接接头疲劳强度的因素、提高抗疲劳性能的节点设计方法和提高抗疲劳性能的工艺方法等几方面,对船舶节点的抗疲劳设计展开讨论。其中“提高抗疲劳性能的节点设计方法”,以一条11万吨原油轮为例,对甲板横向强框架的大肘板趾部等6个部位,每个部位给出两种常见的节点形式,根据CSR TANKER规范,计算出各个部位、不同节点形式的累积损伤。通过对同一部位的两个节点形式的疲劳评估结果进行对比分析,找出了疲劳寿命更优的节点结构形式,对今后船舶节点的抗疲劳设计,提供一些参考性建议。
Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers (CSR) which was developed by IACS has gone into effect on 1st April 2006 and unified the building standard of Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, but on fatigue assessment method there are still some differences between Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers. The main content in this paper are as follows:
1) The basic processes and the main contents of Fatigue strength assessment method in Common Structure Rules was summarized and dissertated. Author found that there is a relatively big difference between both fatigue assessment methods, mainly manifested in the fatigue load, loading condition, stress range composition, S-N curve selection, Weibull parameter selection, and so on.
2) Emphasis analysis on following three critical points for fatigue assessment of CSR was carried out:
(1) The fatigue load;
(2) The selection of fatigue assessment locations;
(3) The size of the finite element mesh and the hot spot stress extraction and interpolation method in hot spot stress method.
3) According to the fatigue assessment of CSR, design against fatigue failure was studied and analyzed by the main factors that affect the fatigue strength of welded joints, hull structural details design methods and workmanship processes methods of improving fatigue performance. According to CSR TANKER rules, the fatigue analysis for a 110,000 DWT oil tanker was carried out, a series of good hull structural details were searched after and some reasonable suggestions about design against fatigue failure were given.
1)系统阐述《散货船共同结构规范》和《双壳油船共同结构规范》疲劳强度评估的基本流程和主要内容,发现二者疲劳评估方法还是存在着比较大的差异,主要表现在疲劳载荷、工况、应力合成、S-N曲线、Weibull形状参数、热点应力插值方式等方面。
2)重点从以下三个对疲劳评估结果起着决定性作用的关键点入手,对CSR疲劳评估进行深入研究:
(1)疲劳载荷的确定;
(2)疲劳校核部位的选取;
(3)热点应力法中有限元网格尺寸的确定及热点应力提取与插值方式:
3)根据CSR疲劳强度评估要求,从影响焊接接头疲劳强度的因素、提高抗疲劳性能的节点设计方法和提高抗疲劳性能的工艺方法等几方面,对船舶节点的抗疲劳设计展开讨论。其中“提高抗疲劳性能的节点设计方法”,以一条11万吨原油轮为例,对甲板横向强框架的大肘板趾部等6个部位,每个部位给出两种常见的节点形式,根据CSR TANKER规范,计算出各个部位、不同节点形式的累积损伤。通过对同一部位的两个节点形式的疲劳评估结果进行对比分析,找出了疲劳寿命更优的节点结构形式,对今后船舶节点的抗疲劳设计,提供一些参考性建议。
Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers (CSR) which was developed by IACS has gone into effect on 1st April 2006 and unified the building standard of Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, but on fatigue assessment method there are still some differences between Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers. The main content in this paper are as follows:
1) The basic processes and the main contents of Fatigue strength assessment method in Common Structure Rules was summarized and dissertated. Author found that there is a relatively big difference between both fatigue assessment methods, mainly manifested in the fatigue load, loading condition, stress range composition, S-N curve selection, Weibull parameter selection, and so on.
2) Emphasis analysis on following three critical points for fatigue assessment of CSR was carried out:
(1) The fatigue load;
(2) The selection of fatigue assessment locations;
(3) The size of the finite element mesh and the hot spot stress extraction and interpolation method in hot spot stress method.
3) According to the fatigue assessment of CSR, design against fatigue failure was studied and analyzed by the main factors that affect the fatigue strength of welded joints, hull structural details design methods and workmanship processes methods of improving fatigue performance. According to CSR TANKER rules, the fatigue analysis for a 110,000 DWT oil tanker was carried out, a series of good hull structural details were searched after and some reasonable suggestions about design against fatigue failure were given.
引文
[1]王刚. IACS双壳油船共同结构规范的研究.中国航海学会船检专业委员会论文集
[2] IACS. Common structural rules for bulk carriers. International Association of Classification Society, January 2006
[3] IACS. Common structural rules for double hull oil tankers. International Association of Classification Society, January 2006
[4]陆红干,陈华.浅谈散货船共同规范(CSR BC).船舶标准化与质量. 2006.2 (1): 30-32页
[5] Jordan C.R. & Cochran C.S., In-Service Performance of Structural Details. SSC-272, 1978
[6] Jordan C.R. & Knight L.T., Further Survey of In-Service Performance of Structural Details. SSC-294, 1980
[7] Kai-tung Ma & Robert G. Bea, A Repair Management System for Fatigue Cracks in Ship. SNAME Transactions. Vol.103,1995:343-369P
[8] J.J.W. Nibbering, Structural Safety and Fatigue of Ships. Int. Shipbuild. Progr.39, No.420(1991):423-435P
[9] Tao Xu,Fatigue of ship structural details—Technical Development and Problems. Journal of Ship Research, Vol.4, No.4,Dec.1997:318-331P
[10] GL. I ship for technology, part1, seagoing ships, Hull Structures, Germanischer Lloyd,Hamburg,1998
[11] DNV. Fatigue assessment of ship structure. Det Norske Veritas Classification Notes No.30.7, H?vik, JANUARY 2001
[12] ABS. Rules for building and classing steel vessels. American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, 2002
[13] BV. Fatigue Strength of Welded Ship Structures.NI393 DSMROOM, Bureau Veritas
[14] LR. ShipRight FDA. Fatigue Design Assessment Procedure, structural detail design guide. Lloyd’s Register Shipping.
[15] NK.Guidance for the fatigue design of Ship Structures. Class NK, Primeship- FD, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
[16] KR.Guidance for the fatigue strength Assessment of ship Structures. Korean Register of Shipping
[17]崔维成,蔡新刚,冷建兴.船舶结构疲劳强度校核研究现状及我国的进展.船舶力学. 1998.8(4): 63-80页
[18]陈映秋等. IACS CSR船型开发总结报告
[19]陈铁云,陈伯真.船舶结构力学.国防工业出版社, 1980
[20]杨代盛.船舶强度与结构设计.上海交通大学出版社, 1988
[21]徐灏.疲劳强度.高等教育出版社, 1988.8
[22]胡毓仁,陈伯真.船舶及海洋工程结构疲劳可靠性分析.人民交通出版社, 1996.12
[23]刘红,陈建元,范祖尧. P-S-N曲线的一种新表达法.上海交通大学学报. 1994,28(5)
[24]张朋.二维概率模型P-S-N曲线的多元回归解法.北京建筑工程学院学报. 2002.6(2)
[25]傅惠民,高镇同.二维疲劳强度分布函数.航空学报. 1988.12
[26] CSR for Double Hull Oil Tankers January.2006 Background Document
[27] CSR for Bulk Carriers January.2006 Background Document
[28]秦洪德,李润培等. 8530TEU集装箱船纵骨疲劳强度评估.中国海洋平台.2005.5
[29]韩钰. 30.8万吨VLCC的结构疲劳强度分析.上海交通大学硕士学位论文
[30]江华涛等.海上石油浮式生产系统疲劳校核分析.上海交通大学硕士学位论文
[31] Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, Fatigue Design Assessment, Structural detail design guide
[32]中国船级社.船体结构疲劳强度指南.人民交通出版社. 2007
[33]朱胜昌,陈庆强.基于有限元力矩阵精确确定三舱段有限元模型边界力的计算方法.船舶力学. 2006.2(1): 71-79页.
[34] Niemi E. Structural stress approach to fatigue analysis of welded components. IIW document XIII-1819-00/XV-1090-01 /XIII-WG3-06-99. Paris: International Institute of Welding, 2001.4-10
[35] RadajD. Design and analysis of fatigue resistant welded structures. Cambridge: Abington Publishing, 1990
[36] Dong P. A structural stress definition and numerical implementation for fatigue analysis of welded joints. International Journal of Fatigue, 2001, 23: 865-876P
[37] Niemi E, Tanskanen P. Hot spot stress determination for welded edge gussets. IIW doc. IIW. XIII-1781-99. Paris: International Institute of Welding, 1999
[38] Dong P, Hong J K, Cao Z. A mesh-insensitivity structural stress procedure for fatigue evaluation of welded structures. IIW doc. XIII-1902-01/XV- 1089-01. Paris
[39] Xiao Zhi Gang, Kentaro Yamada. A method of determining geometric stress for fatigue strength evaluation of steel welded joints. International Journal of Fatigue, 2004,26:1277-1293P
[40] Ilkka Poutiainen, GaryMarquis. A fatigue assessmentmethod based on weld stress. International Journal of Fatigue, 2006,28: 1037-1046P
[41]赵少汴.抗疲劳设计——方法与数据.机械工业出版社
[42]韩天宇.三十万吨大型油船结构关键节点的疲劳强度分析.上海交通大学硕士学位论文
[43]赵耕贤等.船舶设计实用手册——结构分册.国防工业出版社. 2000
[2] IACS. Common structural rules for bulk carriers. International Association of Classification Society, January 2006
[3] IACS. Common structural rules for double hull oil tankers. International Association of Classification Society, January 2006
[4]陆红干,陈华.浅谈散货船共同规范(CSR BC).船舶标准化与质量. 2006.2 (1): 30-32页
[5] Jordan C.R. & Cochran C.S., In-Service Performance of Structural Details. SSC-272, 1978
[6] Jordan C.R. & Knight L.T., Further Survey of In-Service Performance of Structural Details. SSC-294, 1980
[7] Kai-tung Ma & Robert G. Bea, A Repair Management System for Fatigue Cracks in Ship. SNAME Transactions. Vol.103,1995:343-369P
[8] J.J.W. Nibbering, Structural Safety and Fatigue of Ships. Int. Shipbuild. Progr.39, No.420(1991):423-435P
[9] Tao Xu,Fatigue of ship structural details—Technical Development and Problems. Journal of Ship Research, Vol.4, No.4,Dec.1997:318-331P
[10] GL. I ship for technology, part1, seagoing ships, Hull Structures, Germanischer Lloyd,Hamburg,1998
[11] DNV. Fatigue assessment of ship structure. Det Norske Veritas Classification Notes No.30.7, H?vik, JANUARY 2001
[12] ABS. Rules for building and classing steel vessels. American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, 2002
[13] BV. Fatigue Strength of Welded Ship Structures.NI393 DSMROOM, Bureau Veritas
[14] LR. ShipRight FDA. Fatigue Design Assessment Procedure, structural detail design guide. Lloyd’s Register Shipping.
[15] NK.Guidance for the fatigue design of Ship Structures. Class NK, Primeship- FD, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
[16] KR.Guidance for the fatigue strength Assessment of ship Structures. Korean Register of Shipping
[17]崔维成,蔡新刚,冷建兴.船舶结构疲劳强度校核研究现状及我国的进展.船舶力学. 1998.8(4): 63-80页
[18]陈映秋等. IACS CSR船型开发总结报告
[19]陈铁云,陈伯真.船舶结构力学.国防工业出版社, 1980
[20]杨代盛.船舶强度与结构设计.上海交通大学出版社, 1988
[21]徐灏.疲劳强度.高等教育出版社, 1988.8
[22]胡毓仁,陈伯真.船舶及海洋工程结构疲劳可靠性分析.人民交通出版社, 1996.12
[23]刘红,陈建元,范祖尧. P-S-N曲线的一种新表达法.上海交通大学学报. 1994,28(5)
[24]张朋.二维概率模型P-S-N曲线的多元回归解法.北京建筑工程学院学报. 2002.6(2)
[25]傅惠民,高镇同.二维疲劳强度分布函数.航空学报. 1988.12
[26] CSR for Double Hull Oil Tankers January.2006 Background Document
[27] CSR for Bulk Carriers January.2006 Background Document
[28]秦洪德,李润培等. 8530TEU集装箱船纵骨疲劳强度评估.中国海洋平台.2005.5
[29]韩钰. 30.8万吨VLCC的结构疲劳强度分析.上海交通大学硕士学位论文
[30]江华涛等.海上石油浮式生产系统疲劳校核分析.上海交通大学硕士学位论文
[31] Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, Fatigue Design Assessment, Structural detail design guide
[32]中国船级社.船体结构疲劳强度指南.人民交通出版社. 2007
[33]朱胜昌,陈庆强.基于有限元力矩阵精确确定三舱段有限元模型边界力的计算方法.船舶力学. 2006.2(1): 71-79页.
[34] Niemi E. Structural stress approach to fatigue analysis of welded components. IIW document XIII-1819-00/XV-1090-01 /XIII-WG3-06-99. Paris: International Institute of Welding, 2001.4-10
[35] RadajD. Design and analysis of fatigue resistant welded structures. Cambridge: Abington Publishing, 1990
[36] Dong P. A structural stress definition and numerical implementation for fatigue analysis of welded joints. International Journal of Fatigue, 2001, 23: 865-876P
[37] Niemi E, Tanskanen P. Hot spot stress determination for welded edge gussets. IIW doc. IIW. XIII-1781-99. Paris: International Institute of Welding, 1999
[38] Dong P, Hong J K, Cao Z. A mesh-insensitivity structural stress procedure for fatigue evaluation of welded structures. IIW doc. XIII-1902-01/XV- 1089-01. Paris
[39] Xiao Zhi Gang, Kentaro Yamada. A method of determining geometric stress for fatigue strength evaluation of steel welded joints. International Journal of Fatigue, 2004,26:1277-1293P
[40] Ilkka Poutiainen, GaryMarquis. A fatigue assessmentmethod based on weld stress. International Journal of Fatigue, 2006,28: 1037-1046P
[41]赵少汴.抗疲劳设计——方法与数据.机械工业出版社
[42]韩天宇.三十万吨大型油船结构关键节点的疲劳强度分析.上海交通大学硕士学位论文
[43]赵耕贤等.船舶设计实用手册——结构分册.国防工业出版社. 2000