节能窗的传热研究
|
摘要
当今世界,能源问题已经成为人们日益关注的热点问题。建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比例较大,使得建筑节能成为当今世界所面临的重大问题。而窗的能耗占建筑总能耗40%~50%,因此窗的节能是建筑节能的重要组成部分,窗的节能研究具有十分重大的意义。
本文以节能窗为研究对象对其热工性能进行研究。论文采用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方式。
在实验方面,利用围护结构构件综合性能实验台,对三个不同的节能窗在稳态时的传热特性进行了实验研究。得出三个节能窗的传热系数、节能窗表面的温度分布和通过窗框和玻璃的热流密度。
在数值模拟方面,详细的介绍了节能窗窗框和玻璃以及窗整体的传热系数计算方法。其中窗框是利用有限体积法,对节能窗窗框的传热控制方程离散,然后利用Matlab编写程序对窗框的三维传热进行计算。获得窗框的传热系数,热流密度及温度场的分布。并将数值模拟结果与实验研究的结果进行对比分析,证明数值模拟程序的可行性、可靠性。
最后,用Matlab语言编制了图形用户界面。它可以实现对不同的节能窗的热工性能进行模拟计算,以得到节能窗的传热系数,温度分布及热流密度等。为节能窗的研究、优化设计提供了数据支持。
In recent years, energy problem has become a hot issue of current world. Due to the fact that energy consumption in buildings is a large portion of the total amount, there is an increasingly growing attention on energy conservation. The window energy consumption occupies constructs the total energy consumption 40%~50%. So window’s energy conservation is an important component in the building energy conservation. The window energy conservation research has the very significance.
This dissertation focuses on energy conservation window, especially its pyrology performance by the methods of experiment and simulation.
In experiments, the test on steady-state heat transfer characteristic of three energy conservation windows using the corresponding operating platform is presented. Heat transfer coefficient of three energy conservation windows, its surface temperature distribution and the heat flux through window frame and glass are calculated.
In numerical simulation, it has been detailed introduced which is heat transfer coefficient computational method about the energy conservation window window frame and glass of overall. Heat transfer coefficient of window frame is calculated by using Finite Volume Method. After dispersing the heat transfer equation of window frame, a Matlab program has been written, which is used to calculate 3-D temperature field of window frame. Heat transfer coefficient of window frame, its surface temperature distribution and the heat flux through window frame can be obtained by this procedure.And depending on the contrast of simulation and experimental conclusions, it is proved that the procedure is reliable and feasible.
Finally, this paper designs the procedure of graphical user interfaces with Matlab, It can simulate and calculate thermal properties of different energy conservation windows, and work out the heat transfer coefficient of the energy conservation window, heat flux and temperature distribution, which provides a great deal of convenience for the design and research of energy conservation window.
本文以节能窗为研究对象对其热工性能进行研究。论文采用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方式。
在实验方面,利用围护结构构件综合性能实验台,对三个不同的节能窗在稳态时的传热特性进行了实验研究。得出三个节能窗的传热系数、节能窗表面的温度分布和通过窗框和玻璃的热流密度。
在数值模拟方面,详细的介绍了节能窗窗框和玻璃以及窗整体的传热系数计算方法。其中窗框是利用有限体积法,对节能窗窗框的传热控制方程离散,然后利用Matlab编写程序对窗框的三维传热进行计算。获得窗框的传热系数,热流密度及温度场的分布。并将数值模拟结果与实验研究的结果进行对比分析,证明数值模拟程序的可行性、可靠性。
最后,用Matlab语言编制了图形用户界面。它可以实现对不同的节能窗的热工性能进行模拟计算,以得到节能窗的传热系数,温度分布及热流密度等。为节能窗的研究、优化设计提供了数据支持。
In recent years, energy problem has become a hot issue of current world. Due to the fact that energy consumption in buildings is a large portion of the total amount, there is an increasingly growing attention on energy conservation. The window energy consumption occupies constructs the total energy consumption 40%~50%. So window’s energy conservation is an important component in the building energy conservation. The window energy conservation research has the very significance.
This dissertation focuses on energy conservation window, especially its pyrology performance by the methods of experiment and simulation.
In experiments, the test on steady-state heat transfer characteristic of three energy conservation windows using the corresponding operating platform is presented. Heat transfer coefficient of three energy conservation windows, its surface temperature distribution and the heat flux through window frame and glass are calculated.
In numerical simulation, it has been detailed introduced which is heat transfer coefficient computational method about the energy conservation window window frame and glass of overall. Heat transfer coefficient of window frame is calculated by using Finite Volume Method. After dispersing the heat transfer equation of window frame, a Matlab program has been written, which is used to calculate 3-D temperature field of window frame. Heat transfer coefficient of window frame, its surface temperature distribution and the heat flux through window frame can be obtained by this procedure.And depending on the contrast of simulation and experimental conclusions, it is proved that the procedure is reliable and feasible.
Finally, this paper designs the procedure of graphical user interfaces with Matlab, It can simulate and calculate thermal properties of different energy conservation windows, and work out the heat transfer coefficient of the energy conservation window, heat flux and temperature distribution, which provides a great deal of convenience for the design and research of energy conservation window.
引文
1韩爱兴我国建筑节能的状况与对策中国绿色建筑/可持续发展建筑国际研讨会论文集2001 212~222
2李爱平窗的节能新趋势节能1994 (10) 36
3涂逢祥建筑节能—中国节能战略的必然选择节能与环保2004 15～18
4钟鸣方我国节能门窗的发展趋势上海建材, 2004,(04) 25～26
5高洪波张竞游欧美塑料门窗现状及前景中国建筑金属结构2003 (08) 26～30
6梁舟国外塑料门窗的发展中外轻工科技2000 (02) 15
7郭莉莉建筑能耗现状及节能潜力铁道工程学报2006 (04) 75~78
8陈国义中国建筑节能门窗:现状与发展建设科技2002 (02) 50～51
9杜宗翰建筑节能与节能门窗中国建筑金属结构2005 (05) 4～6
10王中华赵海谦外窗传热分析及窗的节能方法上海节能2006(03)
62～65
11赵晓燕李艳辉欧洲塑窗及型材发展趋势中国建筑金属结构2007 (03) 19～24
12孙建平徐冬梅建筑节能窗技术进展工业建筑,2004 (07) 97~98
13 Balaras.C.A; Droutsa,k, Potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings. Energy and buildings,Volume: 31,lssue:2,February,2000,pp.143~154
14 National Fenestration Rating Council, NFRC 500-2001:Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Condensation Resistance Values 2002
15 Carpenter S C. McGowan A G, Miller S R.Window annual energy rating systems:what they tell us about residential window design and selection[J].Ashra-Etransactions,1998,104(10):806-813
16 Wei Lin, He Jiapeng.Energy efficient window system in Nanjin[J].Acta Energiae Solaris sinica,2002,23(3):336-339
17 ISO 10077-1 Thermal Performance of Windows,Doors and Shutters-Calculation of Thermal Transmittance-Part1:Simplified Method.[S]
18方修睦姜永成张建利建筑环境测试技术中国建筑工业出版社2002 159～168
19 ISO 9060 , Solar Energy-Specification and Classification of Instruments for Measuring Hemispherical Solar and Direct Solar Radiation
20 ASHRAE 1997 HaNdbook of FUNdameNtals. U-Factors for various Fenestration produots, 1997.
21王建华建筑外窗节能的问题与技术措施工业建筑2006(01) 8～13
22 Wangshuyin,Di Hongfa.Introductiong of window annual energy rating systems ofCanada and USA[J] . Acta Eyergiae Solaris Sinica,2002,23(4):431-436
23 Wei Lin, He Jiapeng.Energy efficient window system in Nanjin .Acta Energiae Solaris sinica,2002,23(3):336-339
24阎晋塑料门窗在建筑节能中的作用中国建筑金属结构2004(09) 17～19
25 Ya Feng Thermal design standards for energy eff: ciency of residential buildings in hot summer/cold winter zones. Energy and Building,2004,(36):1309～1312
26王忠华付春阳外窗传热分析及窗的节能方法科技资讯2007(09) 62～64
27张珑陈福庆阎晋建筑外窗传热系数(K值)简化计算方法.中国建筑金属结构2006(08) 23～24
28 American Society for Testing and Materials.ASTM C 177,Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties byMeans of the Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus.Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol.04.1
29陶文铨数值传热学第2版西安交通大学出版社2001 78～99
30丁立行屈高林郭卉建筑热工及环境测试技术机械工业出版社2002 23～40
31刘自放刘春蕾热工检测与自动控制中国电力出版社2007 18～28
32章熙民任泽霈传热学第四版中国建筑出版社2001 9～40
33求是科技Matlab7.0从入门到精通人民邮电出版社2006(06)
34闻新周露张鸿Matlab科学图形构建基础与应用科学出版社2002(06)
35 GB50176-93民用建筑热工设计规范.中国建筑工业出版社, 1993: 2～25
36 Balaras.C.A, Droutsa,k. Potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings. Energy and buildings,Volume: 31, 2000(06): 143~154
37 Jiang Yi. State-space Method for the Calculation of Air Conditioning Load and the Simulation of Thermal Behaviour of the Room ASHEAE Trans. 1981, 88(2):122~132
38郑茂余建筑节能与供暖.黑龙将科学技术出版社, 1995: 249~254
39刘忠伟建筑门窗建筑热工性能计算方法建筑玻璃与工业玻璃2001(01) 25～30
40朱文鹏节能窗的研究与应用建筑技术2001(10) 673～675
41董子忠许永光陈启高温永玲窗户传热系数的简化计算方法保温材料与建筑节能2003 (08) 40～44
42吴继臣高层建筑外窗传热系数的计算哈尔滨建筑大学学报2001 (10) 81～84
43 ASHRAE/ANSI.41.1-1991,Standard Method for Temperature Measurement
44 National Fenestration Rating Council.NFRC 100-2004 , Procedure for Determing Fenestration Product U-FactorsDetermini
45 American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM C 1045,Practice for Calculated Thermal Transmission Properties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements. Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vo1.04.11
46 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.THERM 5/WINDOW 5 NFRC Simulation Manual,2003,6
47 Wu Yong, Luna. Numerical Implementation of Temperature and Creep in Mass Concrete Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2001(37): 97~106
48 Fild Applied Polyurethane Foam in Building Envelop: The Systems Approa -ch to Building Thermal insulation and building Envelopes, 1998(21)
49 Blomberg. Heat3-A PC-program for Heat Transfer in Three Dimensions. Manual with Brief Theory and Examples. Lund University, 2000: 20~30
50 National Fenestration Rating Council. NFRC 301-2004, Standard Test Method for Emittance of Specular Surfaces Using Spectrometric Measurement
51董子忠许永光陈启高窗户传热系数的简化计算方法保温材料与建筑节能2003(06) 40～44
52崔希骏节能建筑外窗的配置研究建筑节能2007 (05) 10～18
53侯毅男门窗与建筑节能产品与材料2007 (07) 39～42
54杨坤程先胜浅谈塑料门窗节能技术2007年全国塑料门窗行业年会论文集39～44
55项旭东王浩胡莽新型节能门窗——铝塑复合窗2007年全国塑料门窗行业年会论文集119～124
56冯伟刚塑料门窗节能关键要素探讨门窗2007 (06) 39～47
57陈亚芹王苏颖住宅窗户的节能研究太阳能学报2007 (01) 101～105
2李爱平窗的节能新趋势节能1994 (10) 36
3涂逢祥建筑节能—中国节能战略的必然选择节能与环保2004 15～18
4钟鸣方我国节能门窗的发展趋势上海建材, 2004,(04) 25～26
5高洪波张竞游欧美塑料门窗现状及前景中国建筑金属结构2003 (08) 26～30
6梁舟国外塑料门窗的发展中外轻工科技2000 (02) 15
7郭莉莉建筑能耗现状及节能潜力铁道工程学报2006 (04) 75~78
8陈国义中国建筑节能门窗:现状与发展建设科技2002 (02) 50～51
9杜宗翰建筑节能与节能门窗中国建筑金属结构2005 (05) 4～6
10王中华赵海谦外窗传热分析及窗的节能方法上海节能2006(03)
62～65
11赵晓燕李艳辉欧洲塑窗及型材发展趋势中国建筑金属结构2007 (03) 19～24
12孙建平徐冬梅建筑节能窗技术进展工业建筑,2004 (07) 97~98
13 Balaras.C.A; Droutsa,k, Potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings. Energy and buildings,Volume: 31,lssue:2,February,2000,pp.143~154
14 National Fenestration Rating Council, NFRC 500-2001:Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Condensation Resistance Values 2002
15 Carpenter S C. McGowan A G, Miller S R.Window annual energy rating systems:what they tell us about residential window design and selection[J].Ashra-Etransactions,1998,104(10):806-813
16 Wei Lin, He Jiapeng.Energy efficient window system in Nanjin[J].Acta Energiae Solaris sinica,2002,23(3):336-339
17 ISO 10077-1 Thermal Performance of Windows,Doors and Shutters-Calculation of Thermal Transmittance-Part1:Simplified Method.[S]
18方修睦姜永成张建利建筑环境测试技术中国建筑工业出版社2002 159～168
19 ISO 9060 , Solar Energy-Specification and Classification of Instruments for Measuring Hemispherical Solar and Direct Solar Radiation
20 ASHRAE 1997 HaNdbook of FUNdameNtals. U-Factors for various Fenestration produots, 1997.
21王建华建筑外窗节能的问题与技术措施工业建筑2006(01) 8～13
22 Wangshuyin,Di Hongfa.Introductiong of window annual energy rating systems ofCanada and USA[J] . Acta Eyergiae Solaris Sinica,2002,23(4):431-436
23 Wei Lin, He Jiapeng.Energy efficient window system in Nanjin .Acta Energiae Solaris sinica,2002,23(3):336-339
24阎晋塑料门窗在建筑节能中的作用中国建筑金属结构2004(09) 17～19
25 Ya Feng Thermal design standards for energy eff: ciency of residential buildings in hot summer/cold winter zones. Energy and Building,2004,(36):1309～1312
26王忠华付春阳外窗传热分析及窗的节能方法科技资讯2007(09) 62～64
27张珑陈福庆阎晋建筑外窗传热系数(K值)简化计算方法.中国建筑金属结构2006(08) 23～24
28 American Society for Testing and Materials.ASTM C 177,Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties byMeans of the Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus.Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol.04.1
29陶文铨数值传热学第2版西安交通大学出版社2001 78～99
30丁立行屈高林郭卉建筑热工及环境测试技术机械工业出版社2002 23～40
31刘自放刘春蕾热工检测与自动控制中国电力出版社2007 18～28
32章熙民任泽霈传热学第四版中国建筑出版社2001 9～40
33求是科技Matlab7.0从入门到精通人民邮电出版社2006(06)
34闻新周露张鸿Matlab科学图形构建基础与应用科学出版社2002(06)
35 GB50176-93民用建筑热工设计规范.中国建筑工业出版社, 1993: 2～25
36 Balaras.C.A, Droutsa,k. Potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings. Energy and buildings,Volume: 31, 2000(06): 143~154
37 Jiang Yi. State-space Method for the Calculation of Air Conditioning Load and the Simulation of Thermal Behaviour of the Room ASHEAE Trans. 1981, 88(2):122~132
38郑茂余建筑节能与供暖.黑龙将科学技术出版社, 1995: 249~254
39刘忠伟建筑门窗建筑热工性能计算方法建筑玻璃与工业玻璃2001(01) 25～30
40朱文鹏节能窗的研究与应用建筑技术2001(10) 673～675
41董子忠许永光陈启高温永玲窗户传热系数的简化计算方法保温材料与建筑节能2003 (08) 40～44
42吴继臣高层建筑外窗传热系数的计算哈尔滨建筑大学学报2001 (10) 81～84
43 ASHRAE/ANSI.41.1-1991,Standard Method for Temperature Measurement
44 National Fenestration Rating Council.NFRC 100-2004 , Procedure for Determing Fenestration Product U-FactorsDetermini
45 American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM C 1045,Practice for Calculated Thermal Transmission Properties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements. Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vo1.04.11
46 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.THERM 5/WINDOW 5 NFRC Simulation Manual,2003,6
47 Wu Yong, Luna. Numerical Implementation of Temperature and Creep in Mass Concrete Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2001(37): 97~106
48 Fild Applied Polyurethane Foam in Building Envelop: The Systems Approa -ch to Building Thermal insulation and building Envelopes, 1998(21)
49 Blomberg. Heat3-A PC-program for Heat Transfer in Three Dimensions. Manual with Brief Theory and Examples. Lund University, 2000: 20~30
50 National Fenestration Rating Council. NFRC 301-2004, Standard Test Method for Emittance of Specular Surfaces Using Spectrometric Measurement
51董子忠许永光陈启高窗户传热系数的简化计算方法保温材料与建筑节能2003(06) 40～44
52崔希骏节能建筑外窗的配置研究建筑节能2007 (05) 10～18
53侯毅男门窗与建筑节能产品与材料2007 (07) 39～42
54杨坤程先胜浅谈塑料门窗节能技术2007年全国塑料门窗行业年会论文集39～44
55项旭东王浩胡莽新型节能门窗——铝塑复合窗2007年全国塑料门窗行业年会论文集119～124
56冯伟刚塑料门窗节能关键要素探讨门窗2007 (06) 39～47
57陈亚芹王苏颖住宅窗户的节能研究太阳能学报2007 (01) 101～105