地源热泵及辐射末端在夏热冬冷地区运行特性的实验分析研究
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摘要
随着人们生活水平的不断提高,住宅类建筑空调的要求不断增长。辐射空调系统能满足这种需求,并不同程度地解决了传统家用空调在舒适性和健康方面的问题。地源热泵技术充分利用浅层地热能,通过消耗少量的电能,对室内进行供暖/制冷,因占地面积小、无任何污染、运行耗电少、成本低等优点受到人们的关注。地源热泵技术联合辐射空调对房间进行冷暖联供的形式,具有地源热泵季节性平均性能系数高、土壤蓄热能力强、能缓解空气源热泵存在的供冷供热能力随环境温度波动大的矛盾等优点。目前,我国采用该空调方式的建筑日益增加,尤其是在北方,采用地源热泵+辐射末端的建筑已经非常多,但在杭州这样的夏热冬冷地区,采用辐射空调系统方式还不是很普遍。地埋管地源热泵+地板/吊顶辐射+置换通风系统在实际工程中的应用更是少之又少。本论文通过研究该系统在某别墅工程中的效果,对其进行实验分析,为其推广和应用提供可靠的数据。该系统的供暖特性方面已取得了研究成果,因此实验研究主要针对的是夏季供冷工况。本文选取一套别墅的地源热泵+辐射空调系统进行实验研究,对四个典型房间的辐射面的温度变化情况进行了详细的分析;对地板的辐射换热量和房间的舒适性进行了计算分析;对地下换热器换热量进行计算,并对主机装机容量与换热器换热面积的匹配进行了分析。还根据线热源模型通过双参数估算法和斜率法来计算岩土热物性参数,通过两种方法的比较,得出岩土热响应参数最佳数据处理数学方法。
With the improvement of people's living standard, the demand of high-end residential villa for comfortable air-conditioning is growing, too. Fortunately, radiation air-conditioning system can meet this demand, at the same time; it can solve some comfort and health problems of the traditional home air-conditioning in varying degrees. Ground-source heat pump technology makes full use of the shallow geothermal energy and by consume of small amounts electricity for the indoor heating / cooling. It attracts people's attention for its benefits such as small footprint, no pollution, and lower power consumption in running and low cost and so on. Heat Pump Technology combined with Irradiation air-conditioning system for the room warm and cold has many benefits, such as the higher seasonal average COP of ground-source heat pump, the better ability of soil heat storage, and can ease the serious contradiction of cooling/heating capacity with the ambient temperature fluctuations existed in air-source heat pump and so on. At present, especially in the north, many buildings use ground-source heat pump + radiation termination, but in Hangzhou which in hot summer and cold winter area, it is not very common for this system. Ground Source Heat Pump + floor/ ceiling radiation + displacement ventilation system are even fewer in the engineering practical application. In this paper, by studying the project results of this system in practical villa and the experimental analysis, we provide reliable data for its promotion and application. The research results of the heating characteristics of the system has been made, so in this paper, we mainly do some experimental for summer cooling conditions. Select the ground source heat pump+ radiation air-conditioning system of a villa in Hangzhou, choose four typical rooms to carried out a detailed analysis on temperature changes in radiating; Calculated and analyzed the radiation heat transfer of the floor and the room comfort; do some calculation of the ground pipe heat transfer and analysis the matching degree of the host and the pipe. This article also used two-parameter estimation method and geotechnical slope method according the line heat source model to calculate the thermal parameters. Through the comparison of these two methods, the best data processing mathematical method of geotechnical thermal response parameters was obtained.
With the improvement of people's living standard, the demand of high-end residential villa for comfortable air-conditioning is growing, too. Fortunately, radiation air-conditioning system can meet this demand, at the same time; it can solve some comfort and health problems of the traditional home air-conditioning in varying degrees. Ground-source heat pump technology makes full use of the shallow geothermal energy and by consume of small amounts electricity for the indoor heating / cooling. It attracts people's attention for its benefits such as small footprint, no pollution, and lower power consumption in running and low cost and so on. Heat Pump Technology combined with Irradiation air-conditioning system for the room warm and cold has many benefits, such as the higher seasonal average COP of ground-source heat pump, the better ability of soil heat storage, and can ease the serious contradiction of cooling/heating capacity with the ambient temperature fluctuations existed in air-source heat pump and so on. At present, especially in the north, many buildings use ground-source heat pump + radiation termination, but in Hangzhou which in hot summer and cold winter area, it is not very common for this system. Ground Source Heat Pump + floor/ ceiling radiation + displacement ventilation system are even fewer in the engineering practical application. In this paper, by studying the project results of this system in practical villa and the experimental analysis, we provide reliable data for its promotion and application. The research results of the heating characteristics of the system has been made, so in this paper, we mainly do some experimental for summer cooling conditions. Select the ground source heat pump+ radiation air-conditioning system of a villa in Hangzhou, choose four typical rooms to carried out a detailed analysis on temperature changes in radiating; Calculated and analyzed the radiation heat transfer of the floor and the room comfort; do some calculation of the ground pipe heat transfer and analysis the matching degree of the host and the pipe. This article also used two-parameter estimation method and geotechnical slope method according the line heat source model to calculate the thermal parameters. Through the comparison of these two methods, the best data processing mathematical method of geotechnical thermal response parameters was obtained.
引文
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[15]Allan M L.Materials characterization of superlasticized cement-sand grount[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000,30(6):937～942
[16]范萍萍,U型土壤源热泵系统的设计与运行控制策略[D],硕士学位论文,大连:大连理工大学,2005
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[19]刘宪英,丁勇,胡鸣月.浅埋竖管换热器地热源热泵夏季供冷试验研究[J].暖通空调,2000,20(4):1～4
[20]付祥钊,王勇,朱照华等.两种地质气候条件对岩土换热器的影响[J].暖通空调,2002,32(3):106-109
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[24]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地源热泵优化设计地热换热器[J].建筑科技,2004,(7):32～33
[25]刁乃仁,曾和义,方肇洪.竖直U型管地热换热器的准三维传热模型[J].热能动力工程,2003,18(4):387～390
[26]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地源热泵地下环路的设计方法[J].流体机械,2002,30(9),50～52
[27]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪,李安桂.地源热泵系统防冻液的选择[J].节能与环保,2002(8),20～23
[28]马最良,吕悦.地源热泵系统设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[29]苏夺,陆琼文.辐射空调方式及其发展方向[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2003,24(93):26-30
[30]陈海波.低温热水地板辐射采暖地板板体传热性能的研究[C].哈尔滨工业大学工学硕学位论文,2001:4~6
[31]王子介.地板供暖及其发展动向.暖通空调,1999(6)
[32]师奇威,王冰,等.低温地板辐射采暖之我见.制冷空调与电力机械,2005,26(104):63-66
[33]Mumma SA. Chilled ceilings in parallelwith dedicated outdoor air systems: addressing the concerns of condensation, capacity,and cost[J].ASHRAE Transactions, 2002, 108(2): 220-231
[34]Deng Y,Fedler C B.Multi-layered soil effects on vertical ground-coupled heat pump design[J].Transaction of ASAE, 1992, 35(2):p687~694
[35]Michele De Carli,Ph.D.,P.E.,Bjarne W.Olesen,P.D.Filed Measurements of Operative Temperatures in Building Heating or Cooled by Embedded Water-Based Radiant Systems[C]ASHRAE TRANS.symposia:HI-02-6-4
[36]W H Leong,V R Tarnawski,A Aittomaki.Effect of soil type and moisture content on ground heat pump performance[J]. Int.J.Refig. 1998,21(8):p595~609
[37]William L.B.: COMPARTIVE ENERGY REQUIRMENTS OF RADIANT SPACE HEATING[J],ASHRAE trans., Vol.87, part, No.2617, 106-115, 1981
[38]T.Singh etc.-Effect of Radiant Cooling Panels on Temperature stratification[J], ASHRAE trans.Vol.88, part II, No.2699, 3-13, 1982
[39]J. D. Dale ect: THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF A RADIANT PANEL FLOOR HEATING SYSYTRM[J], ASHREA trans,V61.99, No. 3624, 23-34, 1993
[40]Kilkis B: Enhancement of heat pump performance using radiant floor heating systems[J], ASM,vol.28, 119-129, 1992
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