电导/电磁传感器两相流测量机理研究
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摘要
对国民经济的发展具有重大而深远的意义。然而两相流动特性复杂多变,相间存在复杂的界面效应和相对速度,这使得两相流流动参数的准确检测一直是科学研究与工业过程应用中亟待解决的重要课题。为满足多参数测量的需求,本文从两相流动机理和流动过程参数检测的基本方法出发,通过对传感器的结构以及相关的基本理论进行分析,将电导式传感器与电磁式传感器相结合对两相流的相含率和速度参数进行测量,主要内容如下:
1、基于电场对管道流体分布的敏感特性,采用有限元数值分析方法对电导式传感器的电场进行了研究,根据电场分布均匀性概念考察了弧状电极弧度对电场分布的影响,在此基础上对不同弧状电极轴向长度下电场灵敏度和各种信息量进行了深入研究,最终确定出电导式传感器的最优结构尺寸。
2、在电磁式传感器设计中,采用鞍形线圈激励,电导弧状电极作为测量电极的工作模式,对弧状电极传感器的权重函数分布进行了计算,并与有限元数值仿真进行对比,得出弧状电极结构形式传感器的权重函数分布比点状电极的分布更均匀的结论;分析了弧状电极传感器在管道不同流速分布情况下的响应特性,得到管道截面电位分布和测量电压受流速分布影响较小的特点,证实了弧状电极结构形式传感器用于两相流测量的可行性;研究了激磁线圈的磁场特性,并确定了可以在测量区域产生均匀磁场的激磁系统参数。
3、设计了用于气液两相流流动参数测量的电导/电磁式传感器测量系统。采用分时测量的工作模式:电导式传感器在测量两相流的相含率参数时,关闭励磁激励,弧状电极作为激励和采集电极;电磁式传感器在对流体速度进行测量时,施加励磁激励,弧状电极作为电磁感应信号的测量电极。
4、通过实验研究,对电导/电磁式传感器测量机理进行了验证。电导式传感器的实验结果表明:被测介质电导率变化时,电导测量值呈线性变化,与理论相符;在垂直管气液两相环状流、泡状流和段塞流的测量中,液相含率可以用测量电极之间的无量纲电压值进行预测。电磁式传感器在轴对称和非轴对称流速分布情况下的测量结果表明:弧状电极传感器受流速分布的影响较小,可以用于气液两相流参数的测量。
Two-phase flow widely exists in nature and industrial process. Accurate measurement of two-phase flow parameters is of great importance to the national economic development. However, two-phase flow is pretty complicated as there is variable interface and relative movement between phases. Thus, precise measurement of two-phase flow parameters has always been a burning issue in scientific research and industrial application. Based on two-phase flow mechanism and basic measurement technique, a novel method which combines conductance sensor and electromagnetic sensor is proposed in this paper for volume fraction and velocity measurement. The architecture and associated fundamental theory of the new presented method is analyzed for multi-parameter measurement. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
1. The electric field is sensitive to pipe flow distribution. Finite element numerical method has been adopted to study the electric field of the conductance sensor. The effect of the concave-shaped electrode angle on the electric field distribution is discussed according to the uniformity concept. Electric field sensitivity under various electrode axial lengths and relating information has also been studied. The construction parameters of optimized conductance sensor are then identified.
2. In the research of electromagnetic sensor, saddle coils are excited to generate uniform magnetic field while the concave-shaped electrodes in conductance sensor are applied to measure the induced voltage. Weight function of electromagnetic sensor with concave-shaped electrodes is computed and compared with the finite element numerical simulation. The result shows that the weight function distribution is more uniform than the point electrodes one. The behavior of the electromagnetic sensor under different velocity profiles verifies the feasibility of the electromagnetic sensor to be employed in two-phase flow measurements. The magnetic field characteristic of saddle coils is studied and the coils parameters are identified to generate uniform magnetic field in the measuring area.
3. For gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters measurement, measuring system with conductance/electromagnetic sensor is designed and time-sharing operating mode is applied. When the conductance sensor is operated to measure the volume fraction, excitation in saddle coils is disabled and concave-shaped electrodes are used as exciting and measuring electrodes. When electromagnetic sensor is adopted to measure the volume velocity, excitation in saddle coils is exerted and concave-shaped electrodes are used to measure the induced voltage.
4. Experiments are carried out to verify the measuring mechanism of conductance/electromagnetic sensor. It is indicated that measured conductance value of the conductance sensor is linearly changed with the variation of medium conductivity which is in accordance with theory. Also, the liquid fraction of gas-liquid annular, bubble and slug flow can be predicted by dimensionless voltage measured by the conductance sensor. The response of electromagnetic sensor to axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric velocity distribution shows that the sensor with concave-shaped electrodes is less sensitive to flow profiles and can be considered to measure two-phase flow parameters.
1、基于电场对管道流体分布的敏感特性,采用有限元数值分析方法对电导式传感器的电场进行了研究,根据电场分布均匀性概念考察了弧状电极弧度对电场分布的影响,在此基础上对不同弧状电极轴向长度下电场灵敏度和各种信息量进行了深入研究,最终确定出电导式传感器的最优结构尺寸。
2、在电磁式传感器设计中,采用鞍形线圈激励,电导弧状电极作为测量电极的工作模式,对弧状电极传感器的权重函数分布进行了计算,并与有限元数值仿真进行对比,得出弧状电极结构形式传感器的权重函数分布比点状电极的分布更均匀的结论;分析了弧状电极传感器在管道不同流速分布情况下的响应特性,得到管道截面电位分布和测量电压受流速分布影响较小的特点,证实了弧状电极结构形式传感器用于两相流测量的可行性;研究了激磁线圈的磁场特性,并确定了可以在测量区域产生均匀磁场的激磁系统参数。
3、设计了用于气液两相流流动参数测量的电导/电磁式传感器测量系统。采用分时测量的工作模式:电导式传感器在测量两相流的相含率参数时,关闭励磁激励,弧状电极作为激励和采集电极;电磁式传感器在对流体速度进行测量时,施加励磁激励,弧状电极作为电磁感应信号的测量电极。
4、通过实验研究,对电导/电磁式传感器测量机理进行了验证。电导式传感器的实验结果表明:被测介质电导率变化时,电导测量值呈线性变化,与理论相符;在垂直管气液两相环状流、泡状流和段塞流的测量中,液相含率可以用测量电极之间的无量纲电压值进行预测。电磁式传感器在轴对称和非轴对称流速分布情况下的测量结果表明:弧状电极传感器受流速分布的影响较小,可以用于气液两相流参数的测量。
Two-phase flow widely exists in nature and industrial process. Accurate measurement of two-phase flow parameters is of great importance to the national economic development. However, two-phase flow is pretty complicated as there is variable interface and relative movement between phases. Thus, precise measurement of two-phase flow parameters has always been a burning issue in scientific research and industrial application. Based on two-phase flow mechanism and basic measurement technique, a novel method which combines conductance sensor and electromagnetic sensor is proposed in this paper for volume fraction and velocity measurement. The architecture and associated fundamental theory of the new presented method is analyzed for multi-parameter measurement. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
1. The electric field is sensitive to pipe flow distribution. Finite element numerical method has been adopted to study the electric field of the conductance sensor. The effect of the concave-shaped electrode angle on the electric field distribution is discussed according to the uniformity concept. Electric field sensitivity under various electrode axial lengths and relating information has also been studied. The construction parameters of optimized conductance sensor are then identified.
2. In the research of electromagnetic sensor, saddle coils are excited to generate uniform magnetic field while the concave-shaped electrodes in conductance sensor are applied to measure the induced voltage. Weight function of electromagnetic sensor with concave-shaped electrodes is computed and compared with the finite element numerical simulation. The result shows that the weight function distribution is more uniform than the point electrodes one. The behavior of the electromagnetic sensor under different velocity profiles verifies the feasibility of the electromagnetic sensor to be employed in two-phase flow measurements. The magnetic field characteristic of saddle coils is studied and the coils parameters are identified to generate uniform magnetic field in the measuring area.
3. For gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters measurement, measuring system with conductance/electromagnetic sensor is designed and time-sharing operating mode is applied. When the conductance sensor is operated to measure the volume fraction, excitation in saddle coils is disabled and concave-shaped electrodes are used as exciting and measuring electrodes. When electromagnetic sensor is adopted to measure the volume velocity, excitation in saddle coils is exerted and concave-shaped electrodes are used to measure the induced voltage.
4. Experiments are carried out to verify the measuring mechanism of conductance/electromagnetic sensor. It is indicated that measured conductance value of the conductance sensor is linearly changed with the variation of medium conductivity which is in accordance with theory. Also, the liquid fraction of gas-liquid annular, bubble and slug flow can be predicted by dimensionless voltage measured by the conductance sensor. The response of electromagnetic sensor to axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric velocity distribution shows that the sensor with concave-shaped electrodes is less sensitive to flow profiles and can be considered to measure two-phase flow parameters.
引文
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