明代山西作家研究
摘要
明代山西文学是明代文学的内在组成部分,也是山西文学不可或缺的一个阶段。本论文以明代山西作家为研究对象,重点对作家生平、交游、创作等方面进行考察和研究,以求展现出明代三百年间山西文坛的整体风貌和地域文学特征。
作者首先从史传、方志、书目、丛书、诗文总集、别集等资料中整理出明代山西作家203人,写出《明代山西作家小传》,然后查阅各类丛书以及诗文总集、别集,找出近30部明代山西作家的存留诗文别集,整理出《明代山西作家别集叙录》,这些都收入本文附录之中,也是本文论述的基础。
本文除“绪论”外,共分八章。第一章至第七章重在历时性地论述明代山西作家,根据明代山西作家的具体情况,论述分为明前期、明中期、明后期、明末四个阶段,并将重点作家单独列章论述。第八章是有关明代山西散曲作家的专题研究。
“明前期”指从明朝建国初到成化年间(1368-1487),山西文学在这期间较为沉寂,有诗文记载的作家30余人,有名者屈指可数。由元入明知名者惟杜敩、王翰、张昌三人,开明初山右诗文之先河。永乐至天顺年间的一代理学大家薛瑄,在诗文领域同样成就非凡,可谓“有德有言”。成化年间出现的作家较多,以“河东三凤”为代表。
“明中期”指弘治至隆庆年间(1488-1572),山西文学在这一时期达到了入明以来的第一个高潮。主要表现是作家数量增加,有诗文记载的作家据统计已达到70余人,成为明代山西文学发展中作家数量最多的一个时期。较有成就的有王崇古、张四维、孔天胤、刘龙、任环等人。这些作家皆有文坛业绩可表,然而大多不以诗文为业,创作多凭爱好,少有理论建树。
“明后期”指万历年间(1573-1619),山西在这一时期的文学创作达到了第二次高潮。有诗文记载的作家数量达到了40余人,较为著名的有一代首辅王家屏、边塞诗人张铨、少鹤山人邢大道等人。受到全国文学思潮的影响,山西作家在这一时期的诗文创作大多反对袭古雕琢,提倡性情自然,多质实之作。
“明末”指泰昌、天启、崇祯三朝(1620-1644),这一时期的文学带上了强烈的政治色彩和悲剧氛围,山西文坛这一时期的表现比较突出,有诗文记载的作家数量有20余人,代表性作家的有张慎言、孙传庭、张凤翼等人。受“性灵派”和“竟陵派”诗文理论的影响,诗文创作带有明显的反对拟古,提倡性灵的倾向。由明入清之际,山西作家中的明末遗民有傅山、傅眉、阎修龄等人,傅山最为著名。
明代是古代散曲的繁荣时期,然而明代山西的散曲创作却呈衰落之势,《全明散曲》仅收四家晋籍作家,其中刘良臣有所成就,常伦成就最高,为明代北派散曲大家。他们的散曲多以质朴豪迈的北曲本色之风见长,是明代北曲的大力倡导者和实践者。
Shanxi literature of Ming Dynasty is not only an integral part of the Ming Dynasty literature, but also a necessity in its development. The subject of this paper is thus those Shanxi native authors in Ming Dynasty, especially their life, sight-seeing experiences and works, which will be described in the form of history of literature so as to show the overall style and geographical literature features of Shanxi literary during the 300 years of Ming Dynasty.
The thesis is a cross research between the Ming literature and the Shanxi literature. The author sorted out a total of 203 writers of Shanxi Province in Ming Dynasty from the historical records, local biography, bibliography, series, poetry, and other collective works and made a " Biography of Shanxi Native Writers in Ming Dynasty ". Then, by reading all kinds of series, poetry and other collective works, the author has selected nearly 30 collective works preserved until now and sorted out "The Collective Works of Shanxi Native Writers in Ming Dynasty ". All of the above are collected in the appendix,, which is the basis of this paper.
This thesis is made up of eight chapters. From the first to the seven chapter, the author chronologically described Shanxi native writers in the Ming Dynasty. The description is divided into four stages: the early Ming Dynasty, the middle Ming, the late Ming, and the end of the Ming Dynasty. Besides, all the significant authors will be narrated in separate chapters. The last chapter is a ,monographic study on Sanxi native writers of Qu-poetry in the Ming Dynasty.
The Early Ming Dynasty lasted from its establishment to Chenghua (1368-1487), during which the literature of Shanxi was not very prosperous.. More than 30 writers have been recorded in literature, but the famous ones are limited. DuXiao, Wang Han, and Zhang Chang were said to be the forerunners of the "Shanyou" poems. From YongLe to TianShun period, an expert on Neo-Confucianism named XueXuan, who was honored as“a men of virtue with great literature being handed down”, has scored great achievements in the field of poetry. Druing the Chenghua years, more and more writers came into being, and the representative figures were known as" He dong san feng".
The Mid Ming lasted from Hongzhi to Longqing years (1488-1572). The literature of Shanxi in this period has reached its peak, represented by a sharp increase in the number of writers. According to statistics, over 70 Shanxi native writers have been recorded in literature,, which was the largest number in the development of Shanxi literature. Wang Chonggu, Zhang Siwei, Kong Tianyin, Liu Long, and Ren Huan, etc. were among the writers who had greater achievements. All of them were outstanding in the field of literature. But neither took poetry as their professions. With few theoretical achievements, most of their great works has been created out of interest. Compared with works of the great masters of poems, their works were not so significant.
The late Ming Dynasty refers to the Wanli (1573-1619) period, during which the literature of Shanxi reached another peak. Over 40 Shanxi native writers have been recorded in literature,,,among whom Wang Jiaping(a prime minister) , Zhang Quan(a poet in frontier fortress), Xing Dadao (nicknamed“Shao He Shan Ren”), etc. were famouse . Influenced by nationwide trends of thought in literature, most of the authors in Shanxi Province during this period opposed to imitating ancient literature. Instead, they advocated natural style and created many substantial works.
"The end of the Ming Dynasty" refers to the three periods of Taichang, Tianqi and Chongzhen (1620-1644). The literature during this period was full of strong political overtones and tragic atmosphere, especially the Shanxi literature. The number of writers being recorded in literature was over 20. Zhang Shenyan, Sun Chuanting, Zhang Fengyi and so on were representatives. Impacted by the theories of "Spirit faction" and "Jingling faction", the poems were marked with an opposition to model literary style on that of the ancients and a promotion of personality. Fu Shan, Fu Mei, Yan Xiuling were among the Shanxi writers in the end of the Ming Dynasty and Fu Shan was the most famous.
Ming was a prosperous period of ancient Qu-poetry. However, Sanxi Qu-poetry gradually waned in this period. Works from only 4 Sanxi native writers of Qu-poetry were included in Qu-poetry of Ming Dynasty. Among those 4 writers, Liu Liangchen recorded some achievements and Chang Lun had greatest accomplishments. Therefore, Chang has been honored as the expert of North Qu-poetry in Ming Dynasty. The works from the above four writers who have been the advocator and practicer of North Qu-poetry in Ming Dynasty were featured by a style of rusticity and boldness.
作者首先从史传、方志、书目、丛书、诗文总集、别集等资料中整理出明代山西作家203人,写出《明代山西作家小传》,然后查阅各类丛书以及诗文总集、别集,找出近30部明代山西作家的存留诗文别集,整理出《明代山西作家别集叙录》,这些都收入本文附录之中,也是本文论述的基础。
本文除“绪论”外,共分八章。第一章至第七章重在历时性地论述明代山西作家,根据明代山西作家的具体情况,论述分为明前期、明中期、明后期、明末四个阶段,并将重点作家单独列章论述。第八章是有关明代山西散曲作家的专题研究。
“明前期”指从明朝建国初到成化年间(1368-1487),山西文学在这期间较为沉寂,有诗文记载的作家30余人,有名者屈指可数。由元入明知名者惟杜敩、王翰、张昌三人,开明初山右诗文之先河。永乐至天顺年间的一代理学大家薛瑄,在诗文领域同样成就非凡,可谓“有德有言”。成化年间出现的作家较多,以“河东三凤”为代表。
“明中期”指弘治至隆庆年间(1488-1572),山西文学在这一时期达到了入明以来的第一个高潮。主要表现是作家数量增加,有诗文记载的作家据统计已达到70余人,成为明代山西文学发展中作家数量最多的一个时期。较有成就的有王崇古、张四维、孔天胤、刘龙、任环等人。这些作家皆有文坛业绩可表,然而大多不以诗文为业,创作多凭爱好,少有理论建树。
“明后期”指万历年间(1573-1619),山西在这一时期的文学创作达到了第二次高潮。有诗文记载的作家数量达到了40余人,较为著名的有一代首辅王家屏、边塞诗人张铨、少鹤山人邢大道等人。受到全国文学思潮的影响,山西作家在这一时期的诗文创作大多反对袭古雕琢,提倡性情自然,多质实之作。
“明末”指泰昌、天启、崇祯三朝(1620-1644),这一时期的文学带上了强烈的政治色彩和悲剧氛围,山西文坛这一时期的表现比较突出,有诗文记载的作家数量有20余人,代表性作家的有张慎言、孙传庭、张凤翼等人。受“性灵派”和“竟陵派”诗文理论的影响,诗文创作带有明显的反对拟古,提倡性灵的倾向。由明入清之际,山西作家中的明末遗民有傅山、傅眉、阎修龄等人,傅山最为著名。
明代是古代散曲的繁荣时期,然而明代山西的散曲创作却呈衰落之势,《全明散曲》仅收四家晋籍作家,其中刘良臣有所成就,常伦成就最高,为明代北派散曲大家。他们的散曲多以质朴豪迈的北曲本色之风见长,是明代北曲的大力倡导者和实践者。
Shanxi literature of Ming Dynasty is not only an integral part of the Ming Dynasty literature, but also a necessity in its development. The subject of this paper is thus those Shanxi native authors in Ming Dynasty, especially their life, sight-seeing experiences and works, which will be described in the form of history of literature so as to show the overall style and geographical literature features of Shanxi literary during the 300 years of Ming Dynasty.
The thesis is a cross research between the Ming literature and the Shanxi literature. The author sorted out a total of 203 writers of Shanxi Province in Ming Dynasty from the historical records, local biography, bibliography, series, poetry, and other collective works and made a " Biography of Shanxi Native Writers in Ming Dynasty ". Then, by reading all kinds of series, poetry and other collective works, the author has selected nearly 30 collective works preserved until now and sorted out "The Collective Works of Shanxi Native Writers in Ming Dynasty ". All of the above are collected in the appendix,, which is the basis of this paper.
This thesis is made up of eight chapters. From the first to the seven chapter, the author chronologically described Shanxi native writers in the Ming Dynasty. The description is divided into four stages: the early Ming Dynasty, the middle Ming, the late Ming, and the end of the Ming Dynasty. Besides, all the significant authors will be narrated in separate chapters. The last chapter is a ,monographic study on Sanxi native writers of Qu-poetry in the Ming Dynasty.
The Early Ming Dynasty lasted from its establishment to Chenghua (1368-1487), during which the literature of Shanxi was not very prosperous.. More than 30 writers have been recorded in literature, but the famous ones are limited. DuXiao, Wang Han, and Zhang Chang were said to be the forerunners of the "Shanyou" poems. From YongLe to TianShun period, an expert on Neo-Confucianism named XueXuan, who was honored as“a men of virtue with great literature being handed down”, has scored great achievements in the field of poetry. Druing the Chenghua years, more and more writers came into being, and the representative figures were known as" He dong san feng".
The Mid Ming lasted from Hongzhi to Longqing years (1488-1572). The literature of Shanxi in this period has reached its peak, represented by a sharp increase in the number of writers. According to statistics, over 70 Shanxi native writers have been recorded in literature,, which was the largest number in the development of Shanxi literature. Wang Chonggu, Zhang Siwei, Kong Tianyin, Liu Long, and Ren Huan, etc. were among the writers who had greater achievements. All of them were outstanding in the field of literature. But neither took poetry as their professions. With few theoretical achievements, most of their great works has been created out of interest. Compared with works of the great masters of poems, their works were not so significant.
The late Ming Dynasty refers to the Wanli (1573-1619) period, during which the literature of Shanxi reached another peak. Over 40 Shanxi native writers have been recorded in literature,,,among whom Wang Jiaping(a prime minister) , Zhang Quan(a poet in frontier fortress), Xing Dadao (nicknamed“Shao He Shan Ren”), etc. were famouse . Influenced by nationwide trends of thought in literature, most of the authors in Shanxi Province during this period opposed to imitating ancient literature. Instead, they advocated natural style and created many substantial works.
"The end of the Ming Dynasty" refers to the three periods of Taichang, Tianqi and Chongzhen (1620-1644). The literature during this period was full of strong political overtones and tragic atmosphere, especially the Shanxi literature. The number of writers being recorded in literature was over 20. Zhang Shenyan, Sun Chuanting, Zhang Fengyi and so on were representatives. Impacted by the theories of "Spirit faction" and "Jingling faction", the poems were marked with an opposition to model literary style on that of the ancients and a promotion of personality. Fu Shan, Fu Mei, Yan Xiuling were among the Shanxi writers in the end of the Ming Dynasty and Fu Shan was the most famous.
Ming was a prosperous period of ancient Qu-poetry. However, Sanxi Qu-poetry gradually waned in this period. Works from only 4 Sanxi native writers of Qu-poetry were included in Qu-poetry of Ming Dynasty. Among those 4 writers, Liu Liangchen recorded some achievements and Chang Lun had greatest accomplishments. Therefore, Chang has been honored as the expert of North Qu-poetry in Ming Dynasty. The works from the above four writers who have been the advocator and practicer of North Qu-poetry in Ming Dynasty were featured by a style of rusticity and boldness.
引文
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② 同上
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孔文谷先生卒于万历九年(1581)
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③ 同上
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③钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.丙集.
①李昌集.《中国古代散曲史》.上海:华东师范大学出版社.1996.
① 郑振铎.《插图本中国文学史》.上海世纪出版集团.2005 年版.下册906 页.
② 陈田.《明诗纪事》.戊签卷十一.
① 羊春秋.《散曲通论》.长沙:岳麓书社.1992.82 页.
①李维祯.《大泌山房集》.卷六六.《四库全书存目丛书》第152 册139 页.
1、(明)陈子龙、李雯等.《皇明诗选》[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1991
2、(明)俞宪.《盛明百家诗》[M].《四库全书存目丛书》.济南:齐鲁书社1997
3、(清)钱谦益.《列朝诗集》[M].北京:三联书店影印本.1989
4、(清)朱彝尊.《明诗综》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1993 排印本
5、(清)陈田.《明诗纪事》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1993
6、(清)陈济生.《天启崇祯两朝遗诗》[M].北京:中华书局.1958
7、(清)沈德潜、周准.《明诗别裁集》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1979 排印本
8、(清)潘介祉.《明诗人小传稿》[M].台湾:国立中央图书馆印行.民国75 年(1986)
9、(清)卓尔堪.《明遗民诗》[M].北京:中华书局.1961
10、(清)沈德潜.《清诗别裁集》[M].北京:中华书局.1975
11、(清)徐树敏.《众香词》[M].大东书局印行
12、山西省文献委员会编.《山右丛书初编》[M].民国
13、邓之诚.《清诗纪事初编》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1984
14、钱仲联.《清诗纪事》[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社.1987-1989
15、饶宗颐初纂、张璋总篆.《全明词》[M].北京:中华书局.2004
16、谢伯阳.《全明散曲》[M].济南:齐鲁书社.1994
17、凌景埏、谢伯阳.《全清散曲》[M].济南:齐鲁书社.1985
18、姚奠中主编.《山西历代诗人诗选》[M].太原:山西人民出版社.1980
19、申维辰主编.《山西文学大系》[M].太原:山西人民出版社.2005
王翰《梁园寓稿》九卷,集部第1233 册,影印明正德十三年高天赐刻本
薛瑄《敬轩文集》二十四卷,集部第1243 册,影印明弘治二年张鼎刻本
孙传庭《白谷集》五卷,集部第1296 册
任环《山海漫谈》三卷,集部第1278 册,影印乾隆年间庾玙刻本
曹于汴《仰节堂集》十四卷,集部第1293册,影印清康熙二年弘运书院吕崇烈等刻本乾隆增修本
薛瑄《河汾诗集》八卷,集部第32 册,影印明成化五年谢庭桂朱维吉刻本
常伦《常评事集》四卷《写情集》二卷,集部第68 册,影印明嘉靖七年王溱刻本
张慎言《泊水斋文抄》三卷,集部第183 册,影印清康熙三十九年张茂生刻本
王家屏《王文端公诗集》二卷、《奏疏》四卷、《尺牍》八卷,集部第 149 册,影印明万历四十五年山阳王氏家刻本
孔天胤《孔文谷集》十六卷《续集》四卷、《诗集》四卷、《文谷渔嬉稿》二十卷,集部第95册,影印明隆庆五年刻万历增刻本,诗集、文谷渔嬉稿则为影印嘉靖四十一年洪朝选刻,万历增刻本
何东序《九愚山房诗集》十三卷,集部第126 册,影印明万历间刻清印本
寇天叙《涂水先生集》六卷,集部第65 册,影印明嘉靖间寇阳刻蓝印本
王琼《双溪杂记》一卷,子部第239 册,影印涵芬楼影印明刻今献汇言本
王云凤《博趣斋稿》二十三卷,集部第1331 册,影印国家图书馆藏明刻本
张四维《条麓堂集》三十四卷,集部第1351册,影印山西大学图书馆藏明万历二十三年张泰征刻本
傅山《霜红龛集》四十卷、《附录》三卷、《年谱》一卷,集部第1395、1396 册,影印清宣统三年丁氏刻本
张铨《张忠烈公存集》三十五卷,集部第77 册,影印明末刻本
赵用光《苍雪轩全集》二十卷,集部第182 册,影印明崇祯间刻本
张凤翼《句注山房集》二十卷、《尺牍》七卷,集部第70 册,影印明刻本
邢大道《白云巢集》二十四卷,集部第6 辑第25 册,影印明万历四十五年刻本
亢思谦《慎修堂集》二十卷,集部第5 辑第21 册,影印明万历詹思虞刻本
傅眉《我诗稿》六卷,集部第8 辑第16 册,影印清抄本
(明)韩文《韩忠定公集》[M].明万历22 年(1594)洪洞知县乔因羽刻本
(明)王翰《梁园寓稿》[M].明正德十三年高天赐刻本
(明)刘龙《紫岩文集》[M].明嘉靖11 年(1532)赣山精舍刻本
(明)裴邦奇《巢云诗集》[M].清初(1644-1722)梁氏悠然斋抄本
(明)张养蒙《张毅敏公集》[M].明崇祯3 年(1630)刻本
(明)薛瑄《文清公薛先生文集》二十四卷[M].清雍正12 年(1734)刻本
(明) 傅山《霜红龛集》[M].山西晋新书社1918
(明)傅山《霜红龛集》[M].太原:山西人民出版社1985
(明)傅山《霜红龛文》[M].长沙:岳麓书社1986
1、 (明)王世贞《艺苑卮言》[M].丁福保辑《历代诗话续编》本.北京:中华书局,1983
2、 (明)王世贞《明诗评》[M].丛书集成初编本.北京:中华书局,1985
3、 (明)谢榛.《四溟诗话》[M].丁福保辑《历代诗话续编》本.北京;中华书局.1983
4、 (明)胡应麟.《诗薮》[M].上海:上海古籍出版杜.1979
5、 (清)钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1983
6、 (清)朱彝尊.《静志居诗话》[M].北京:人民文学出版杜.1990
7、 (清)王士禛撰、梁宗楠编.《带经堂诗话》[M].北京:人民文学出版杜.1963
8、 (清)王士禛.《渔洋诗话》[M].丁福保辑《清诗话》本.上海:上海古藉出版杜.1999
9、 (清)永瑢等.《四库全书总目提要》二百卷[M].北京:中华书局.2003
10、(明)吕天成撰吴书荫校注.《曲品校注》[M].中华书局.1990
11、(明)王骥德《曲律》、王世贞《曲藻》见中国戏曲研究院编.《中国古典戏曲论著集成》[M].北京:中国戏剧出版社.1959
1、(明)焦竑辑.《国朝献征录》[M].《续修四库全书》.上海:上海古籍出版社1997
2、(明)宋濂等.《元史》[M].北京:中华书局.1974
3、(清)黄虞稷.《千顷堂书目》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.2001
4、(清)张廷玉等.《明史》[M].北京:中华书局.1974
5、(清)谷应泰.《明史纪事本末》[M].北京:中华书局.1977
6、(清)王士祯.《池北偶谈》[M].北京:中华书局.1982
7、台湾中央图书馆编.《明人传记资料索引》[M].北京:中华书局.1987
8、谭其骧主编.《中国历史地图集·元明》[M].北京:中国地图出版社.1982
9、臧励和等.《中国古今地名大辞典》[M].上海:商务印书馆.民国22年(1933)
10、臧励和等.《中国人名大辞典》[M].上海:商务印书馆.民国10 年(1921)
11、《中国古籍善本书目·集部》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1996
12、王重民.《中国善本书提要》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1983
13、朱保炯谢沛霖编著.《明清进士题名碑录索引》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社1980
14、杨廷福,杨同甫编.《明人室名别称字号索引》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社. 2002
15、尤振中、尤以丁编著.《明词纪事汇评》[M].合肥:黄山书社1995
16、故宫博物院.《山西府州县志,怀仁县志,乐平县志,武乡县志》[M].海南出版社.2001
17、故宫博物院.《山西府州县志,沁水县志,荣河县志,汾西县志》[M].海南出版社.2001
18、山西省地方志编篆委员会.《山西通志》[M].北京:中华书局
1、 (美)牟复礼、(英)崔瑞德编.《剑桥中国明代史》[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社1992
2、白寿彝总主编《中国通史·明时期》[M].上海:上海人民出版社.1999
3、樊树志.《晚明史:1573～1644 年》[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.2003
4、(美)司徒琳.《南明史》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1992
5、嵇文甫.《晚明思想史论》[M].北京:东方出版社.1996
6、杨镰.《元诗史》[M].北京:人民文学出版社.2003
7、张仲谋.《明词史》[M].北京:人民文学出版社.2002
8、李圣华.《晚明诗歌研究》[M].北京:人民文学出版社.2002
9、袁震宇、刘明今.《明代文学批评史》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1991
10、徐子方.《明杂剧史》[M].北京:中华书局.1984
11、严迪昌.《清诗史》[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社.2002
12、李昌集.《中国古代散曲史》[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社.1991
13、山西省史志研究院.《山西大典》[M].北京:中华书局.2001
14、王欣欣.《山西历代进士题名录》[M].太原:山西教育出版社.2005
15、易宜曲编.《山西地理概述》[M].太原:山西人民出版社.1957
16、刘泽民.《山西通史》[M].太原:山西人民出版社.2001
17、中国戏曲志编辑委员会编.《中国戏曲志·山西卷》[M].北京:文化艺术出版社.1990
② 李浩.《唐代三大地域文学士族研究》.中华书局.2002 年版
① 李时人.《论古代文学的“地域研究”与“流派研究”》.《赣南师范学院学报》.2005 年第1 期
① 张廷玉等.《明史》.中华书局.1974. 卷41.《地理志》.
① 张廷玉.《明史》.北京:中华书局.1974.卷一一六.(下同,不再注版本)
② 陈田.《明诗纪事》.甲签卷二二.
①《四库全书总目提要》.卷一七五.
①陈田.《明诗纪事》.甲签卷十三.
① 朱彝尊.《静志居诗话》,人民文学出版社.1990.卷八.(下同,不再注版本)
② 陈田.《明诗纪事》.丙签卷五.
①《四库全书总目提要》,卷一七○.
② 同上
①《四库全书总目提要》.史部.卷五八.
② 张廷玉.《明史》.卷二八二,《列传》一七○.
①《四库全书总目提要》.卷一七○.
①沈德潜、周准.《明诗别裁集》.第1 页.
①《四库全书总目提要》.卷一七○.
①陈田.《明诗纪事》.乙签卷十二.
②朱彝尊.《静志居诗话》.卷六.
① 顾炎武.《日知录》.卷三一.
② 钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.丙集.
③ 寇天叙.《祭王虎谷先生文》,《涂水先生集》.卷五.
① 《山西通志》.卷一九七.
① 郑晓.《今言》卷二.商务印书馆.1997.
② 陈田.《明诗纪事》.丙签卷八.
③王士禛撰、梁宗楠编.《带经堂诗话》.北京:人民文学出版杜.1963. 卷六.
①陈璘《光禄大夫柱国少保兼太子太保吏部尚书白岩乔公宇行状》,焦竑辑《国朝献征录》卷二五,《续修四库全书》.上海:上海古籍出版社1997.(本节引文未注明处皆同)
①钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.丙集.
②朱彝尊.《静志居诗话》.卷八.
①陈子龙、李雯等.《皇明诗选》.上海:华东师范大学出版社.1991.675 页.
①吕柟《佥都御史前国子监祭酒虎谷先生王公云凤墓志铭》，《国朝献征录》.卷六三.(本节引文未标注者同)
①钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.丙集.
② 王士禛.《带经堂诗话》.卷六.
①《佥宪王公神道碑铭》.《山西通志》.卷一九七.
② 《祭王虎谷都宪文》.《山西通志》.卷二一八.
① 《佥宪王公神道碑铭》.《山西通志》.卷一九七.
①《四库全书总目提要》.卷五十六.
孔文谷先生卒于万历九年(1581)
此处为笔误或刊误,实为“七十三”。
①朱彝尊.《静志居诗话》.卷十二.
①陈璘.《光禄大夫柱国少保兼太子太保吏部尚书白岩乔公宇行状》.《国朝献征录》.卷二五.
②唐龙.《少司马涂水先生传》.《涂水先生文集》.卷六.
① 《九愚山房诗集》十三卷中卷一至卷三均为古体诗。卷一为74首古乐府;卷二为4 首四言古诗,98 首五言古诗;卷三为32 首七言古诗。三卷共计208 首。
① 张铨.《青丘先生诗选叙》.《张忠烈公存集》.卷二十七.
① 魏光绪.《户部侍郎赠尚书张毅敏公集序》.张养蒙《张毅敏公集》.卷前序文.
② 乔胤.《正议大夫资治尹户部右侍郎赠户部尚书张公行状》.张养蒙《张毅敏公集》.卷末.
①赵承中.《明季名臣张慎言年寿辨正》.《江苏广播电视大学学报》.2006.4.
① 钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.下编654 页.
② 陈廷敬.《泊水斋文抄·序》.张慎言《泊水斋文钞》.卷首.
③ 同上
① 钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.下编654 页.
① 张廷玉.《明史》.卷一六二,列传一五○.
② 陈田.《明诗纪事》.辛签卷二.
③ 吴伟业.《雁门尚书行并序》,《吴梅村全集》.卷十一.上海古籍出版社.1990.
①卓尔堪选辑.《明遗民诗》.中华书局1961 年.《凡例》.
①嵇曾筠.《明处士傅山传》.傅山.《霜红龛集》.附录一.
① 戴廷栻.《晋四人诗》四卷.《凡例》.清初刻本.山西省图书馆
①傅山著丁宝铨辑. 《霜红龛集》.太原:山西人民出版社.1985. 1241 页.
②傅山著丁宝铨辑. 《霜红龛集》.太原:山西人民出版社.1985. 1247 页.
③傅惜华. 《清代杂剧全目》北京:人民文学出版社.1981. 27 页.
①傅山著丁宝铨辑《霜红龛集》.太原:山西人民出版社.1985. 479 页.
①刘贯文等.《傅山全书》太原:山西人民出版社.1991. 5102 页.
②张庚,郭汉城. 《中国戏曲通史》.北京:中国戏剧出版社. 1992. 618 页.
③中国戏曲志编辑委员会.《中国戏曲志·山西卷》北京:文化艺术出版社. 1990. 644 页.
④卓尔堪.《明遗民诗》.中华书局.1961.
⑤戴廷栻.《晋四人诗》.清初刻本.山西省图书馆.
① 谢伯阳.《全明散曲》.济南:齐鲁书社.1994. 1521 页.
①张铨.《常明卿传》.《张忠烈公存集》.卷二七.(本节引文未注出处者同此)
②王士祯.《分甘余话》.卷一七六.
③钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》.丙集.
①李昌集.《中国古代散曲史》.上海:华东师范大学出版社.1996.
① 郑振铎.《插图本中国文学史》.上海世纪出版集团.2005 年版.下册906 页.
② 陈田.《明诗纪事》.戊签卷十一.
① 羊春秋.《散曲通论》.长沙:岳麓书社.1992.82 页.
①李维祯.《大泌山房集》.卷六六.《四库全书存目丛书》第152 册139 页.
1、(明)陈子龙、李雯等.《皇明诗选》[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1991
2、(明)俞宪.《盛明百家诗》[M].《四库全书存目丛书》.济南:齐鲁书社1997
3、(清)钱谦益.《列朝诗集》[M].北京:三联书店影印本.1989
4、(清)朱彝尊.《明诗综》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1993 排印本
5、(清)陈田.《明诗纪事》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1993
6、(清)陈济生.《天启崇祯两朝遗诗》[M].北京:中华书局.1958
7、(清)沈德潜、周准.《明诗别裁集》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1979 排印本
8、(清)潘介祉.《明诗人小传稿》[M].台湾:国立中央图书馆印行.民国75 年(1986)
9、(清)卓尔堪.《明遗民诗》[M].北京:中华书局.1961
10、(清)沈德潜.《清诗别裁集》[M].北京:中华书局.1975
11、(清)徐树敏.《众香词》[M].大东书局印行
12、山西省文献委员会编.《山右丛书初编》[M].民国
13、邓之诚.《清诗纪事初编》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1984
14、钱仲联.《清诗纪事》[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社.1987-1989
15、饶宗颐初纂、张璋总篆.《全明词》[M].北京:中华书局.2004
16、谢伯阳.《全明散曲》[M].济南:齐鲁书社.1994
17、凌景埏、谢伯阳.《全清散曲》[M].济南:齐鲁书社.1985
18、姚奠中主编.《山西历代诗人诗选》[M].太原:山西人民出版社.1980
19、申维辰主编.《山西文学大系》[M].太原:山西人民出版社.2005
王翰《梁园寓稿》九卷,集部第1233 册,影印明正德十三年高天赐刻本
薛瑄《敬轩文集》二十四卷,集部第1243 册,影印明弘治二年张鼎刻本
孙传庭《白谷集》五卷,集部第1296 册
任环《山海漫谈》三卷,集部第1278 册,影印乾隆年间庾玙刻本
曹于汴《仰节堂集》十四卷,集部第1293册,影印清康熙二年弘运书院吕崇烈等刻本乾隆增修本
薛瑄《河汾诗集》八卷,集部第32 册,影印明成化五年谢庭桂朱维吉刻本
常伦《常评事集》四卷《写情集》二卷,集部第68 册,影印明嘉靖七年王溱刻本
张慎言《泊水斋文抄》三卷,集部第183 册,影印清康熙三十九年张茂生刻本
王家屏《王文端公诗集》二卷、《奏疏》四卷、《尺牍》八卷,集部第 149 册,影印明万历四十五年山阳王氏家刻本
孔天胤《孔文谷集》十六卷《续集》四卷、《诗集》四卷、《文谷渔嬉稿》二十卷,集部第95册,影印明隆庆五年刻万历增刻本,诗集、文谷渔嬉稿则为影印嘉靖四十一年洪朝选刻,万历增刻本
何东序《九愚山房诗集》十三卷,集部第126 册,影印明万历间刻清印本
寇天叙《涂水先生集》六卷,集部第65 册,影印明嘉靖间寇阳刻蓝印本
王琼《双溪杂记》一卷,子部第239 册,影印涵芬楼影印明刻今献汇言本
王云凤《博趣斋稿》二十三卷,集部第1331 册,影印国家图书馆藏明刻本
张四维《条麓堂集》三十四卷,集部第1351册,影印山西大学图书馆藏明万历二十三年张泰征刻本
傅山《霜红龛集》四十卷、《附录》三卷、《年谱》一卷,集部第1395、1396 册,影印清宣统三年丁氏刻本
张铨《张忠烈公存集》三十五卷,集部第77 册,影印明末刻本
赵用光《苍雪轩全集》二十卷,集部第182 册,影印明崇祯间刻本
张凤翼《句注山房集》二十卷、《尺牍》七卷,集部第70 册,影印明刻本
邢大道《白云巢集》二十四卷,集部第6 辑第25 册,影印明万历四十五年刻本
亢思谦《慎修堂集》二十卷,集部第5 辑第21 册,影印明万历詹思虞刻本
傅眉《我诗稿》六卷,集部第8 辑第16 册,影印清抄本
(明)韩文《韩忠定公集》[M].明万历22 年(1594)洪洞知县乔因羽刻本
(明)王翰《梁园寓稿》[M].明正德十三年高天赐刻本
(明)刘龙《紫岩文集》[M].明嘉靖11 年(1532)赣山精舍刻本
(明)裴邦奇《巢云诗集》[M].清初(1644-1722)梁氏悠然斋抄本
(明)张养蒙《张毅敏公集》[M].明崇祯3 年(1630)刻本
(明)薛瑄《文清公薛先生文集》二十四卷[M].清雍正12 年(1734)刻本
(明) 傅山《霜红龛集》[M].山西晋新书社1918
(明)傅山《霜红龛集》[M].太原:山西人民出版社1985
(明)傅山《霜红龛文》[M].长沙:岳麓书社1986
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2、 (明)王世贞《明诗评》[M].丛书集成初编本.北京:中华书局,1985
3、 (明)谢榛.《四溟诗话》[M].丁福保辑《历代诗话续编》本.北京;中华书局.1983
4、 (明)胡应麟.《诗薮》[M].上海:上海古籍出版杜.1979
5、 (清)钱谦益.《列朝诗集小传》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1983
6、 (清)朱彝尊.《静志居诗话》[M].北京:人民文学出版杜.1990
7、 (清)王士禛撰、梁宗楠编.《带经堂诗话》[M].北京:人民文学出版杜.1963
8、 (清)王士禛.《渔洋诗话》[M].丁福保辑《清诗话》本.上海:上海古藉出版杜.1999
9、 (清)永瑢等.《四库全书总目提要》二百卷[M].北京:中华书局.2003
10、(明)吕天成撰吴书荫校注.《曲品校注》[M].中华书局.1990
11、(明)王骥德《曲律》、王世贞《曲藻》见中国戏曲研究院编.《中国古典戏曲论著集成》[M].北京:中国戏剧出版社.1959
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4、(清)张廷玉等.《明史》[M].北京:中华书局.1974
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6、(清)王士祯.《池北偶谈》[M].北京:中华书局.1982
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8、谭其骧主编.《中国历史地图集·元明》[M].北京:中国地图出版社.1982
9、臧励和等.《中国古今地名大辞典》[M].上海:商务印书馆.民国22年(1933)
10、臧励和等.《中国人名大辞典》[M].上海:商务印书馆.民国10 年(1921)
11、《中国古籍善本书目·集部》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1996
12、王重民.《中国善本书提要》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社.1983
13、朱保炯谢沛霖编著.《明清进士题名碑录索引》[M].上海:上海古籍出版社1980
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15、尤振中、尤以丁编著.《明词纪事汇评》[M].合肥:黄山书社1995
16、故宫博物院.《山西府州县志,怀仁县志,乐平县志,武乡县志》[M].海南出版社.2001
17、故宫博物院.《山西府州县志,沁水县志,荣河县志,汾西县志》[M].海南出版社.2001
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