黑龙江省退耕还林工程效果分析及后续问题的研究
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摘要
退耕还林工程是党中央、国务院做出的一项重大战略决策,是我国生态建设的一件大事。它既关系到中华民族的生存环境的改善和国家的生态安全,同时也是促进当前农业经济结构调整和农民增收的一项重大举措,对改善我国农业和农村基础设施薄弱状况,促进国民经济健康发展,发挥了重大作用。
本论文主要是对黑龙江省退耕还林工程实施效果的分析,因为国家对黑龙江省退耕还林工程投入了大量的资金,对退耕还林工程实施效果的分析是非常有必要的。本论文以可持续发展理论、经济学理论、公共物品理论为基础,通过查阅大量的文献资料和深入调查研究,分析了退耕还林工程产生的效果。最后得出了退耕还林工程对黑龙江省生态环境产生的影响、对退耕农户产生的影响、对农村劳动力结构产生的影响等。对退耕农户产生的影响是本论文研究的重点,这一部分本论文主要运用了统计线性回归模型,以尚志市100户退耕农户为样本,对退耕前后农户收入结构变化进行分析,最后得出退耕还林工程在一定程度上影响了退耕农户的收入结构变化。在调查过程中本论文也发现了退耕还林工程存在的后续问题,同时也提出了相应的对策建议。
The project of conversation of cropland to forest is a major strategic decision,which made by the Party Central Committee and State Council,and this is really a major event of ecological construction in China.It related to the Chinese nation and the improvement of the living environment of the country's ecological security,but also to promoting the economic restructuring of agriculture and incensement of farmer's.What is more,a major measure to improve China's agriculture and rural infrastructure,weak,and,which played a major role in promoting the healthy development of national economy.
This paper is to the conversation of cropland to forest in Heilongjiang Province effect of the analysis,as the State of returning farmland to forest project in Heilongjiang Province has invested large amounts of funds,returning farmland to forest project on the effect of the analysis is very necessary.This paper is based on the theory of sustainable development, economic theory,and the theory of public goods.By looking through a large number of literature and in-depth investigations and studies,this paper analysis the effect of the project of conversion of cropland to forest.Finally comes out the impact of the ecological environment on the conversation of cropland to forest project in Heilongjiang Province.Farmers whose land has been reclaimed on the impact of this paper is the focus of the study,this part of the paper, used a statistical regression model to the city of Shangzhi,100 farmers whose land has been reclaimed as a sample.The writer analyses the income change of farmers whose land has been reclaimed before and after the project.At last,this paper drawled the conclusion that the project of conversion of cropland to forest works to a certain extent,affected the income of farmers whose land has been reclaimed structural changes.In the course of the investigations, the paper not only found the existence of the follow-up question on the project of conversion of cropland to forest,but also put forward the corresponding measures to make up the problem.
本论文主要是对黑龙江省退耕还林工程实施效果的分析,因为国家对黑龙江省退耕还林工程投入了大量的资金,对退耕还林工程实施效果的分析是非常有必要的。本论文以可持续发展理论、经济学理论、公共物品理论为基础,通过查阅大量的文献资料和深入调查研究,分析了退耕还林工程产生的效果。最后得出了退耕还林工程对黑龙江省生态环境产生的影响、对退耕农户产生的影响、对农村劳动力结构产生的影响等。对退耕农户产生的影响是本论文研究的重点,这一部分本论文主要运用了统计线性回归模型,以尚志市100户退耕农户为样本,对退耕前后农户收入结构变化进行分析,最后得出退耕还林工程在一定程度上影响了退耕农户的收入结构变化。在调查过程中本论文也发现了退耕还林工程存在的后续问题,同时也提出了相应的对策建议。
The project of conversation of cropland to forest is a major strategic decision,which made by the Party Central Committee and State Council,and this is really a major event of ecological construction in China.It related to the Chinese nation and the improvement of the living environment of the country's ecological security,but also to promoting the economic restructuring of agriculture and incensement of farmer's.What is more,a major measure to improve China's agriculture and rural infrastructure,weak,and,which played a major role in promoting the healthy development of national economy.
This paper is to the conversation of cropland to forest in Heilongjiang Province effect of the analysis,as the State of returning farmland to forest project in Heilongjiang Province has invested large amounts of funds,returning farmland to forest project on the effect of the analysis is very necessary.This paper is based on the theory of sustainable development, economic theory,and the theory of public goods.By looking through a large number of literature and in-depth investigations and studies,this paper analysis the effect of the project of conversion of cropland to forest.Finally comes out the impact of the ecological environment on the conversation of cropland to forest project in Heilongjiang Province.Farmers whose land has been reclaimed on the impact of this paper is the focus of the study,this part of the paper, used a statistical regression model to the city of Shangzhi,100 farmers whose land has been reclaimed as a sample.The writer analyses the income change of farmers whose land has been reclaimed before and after the project.At last,this paper drawled the conclusion that the project of conversion of cropland to forest works to a certain extent,affected the income of farmers whose land has been reclaimed structural changes.In the course of the investigations, the paper not only found the existence of the follow-up question on the project of conversion of cropland to forest,but also put forward the corresponding measures to make up the problem.
引文
[1]董捷.退耕还林绩效问题研究.华中农业大学学位论文;2005.12-05
[2]孔繁文,戴广翠,何乃慧.森林环境资源核算及补偿政策研究.林业经济.2004(4):33-46
[3]支玲,从中外退耕还林背景看中国以粮代娠目标的多样性,林业经济,2001,(7):29-31
[4]支玲,李怒云,王娟等.西部退耕还林经济补偿机制研究.林业科学,2004,40(2):1-8
[5]支玲,邵爱英.退耕还林的实践与思考[J].林业经济.2005(3):42-46
[6]龙花楼,李秀彬.美国土地资源政策的演变及启示.中国土地科学,2006,(13):43-47
[7]陈继海.美国纽约州历史上的退耕还林(草).农村经济,2000,(6):1-12
[8]蒋晓丽.河北省沽源县退耕还林工程经济影响价研究.林业经济,2006(5):6-13
[9]傅新红,杨宗亭,杨锦秀.四川省退耕还林试点工程的问题及对策.林业经济问题,2005,23(3):128-130
[10]洪尚群,马王京,郭慧.生态补偿制度的探索.环境科学与技术,总第97期,2001(5):40-43
[11]孙立达,朱金兆.水土保持林体系综合效益研究与评价.北京:林业出版社,2005.
[12]李会芳,苏喜友.森林资源评价的发展及研究[J]西部林业科学,2005,34(2):102-107
[13]蒋晓丽,王立群.退耕还林工程经济影响评价研究进展[J].林业调查规划,2005,30(6):106-110
[14]Robert Chapman,Tom Slaymaker and John Young.Livelihoods Approach to information and Communication in Support of Rural Poverty Elimination and Food Security[R].A collaborativeresearch project with the UK,Department of International Development and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
[15]羊绍武,黄金辉.退耕还林(草)与农户利益的矛盾及其调整,农业经济,2000,(12):13-15
[16]李炳坤.推进农业产业结构的战略性调整,农业经济问题,2003,(3):45-49
[17]李世东.中国退耕还林研究,北京:科学出版社,2004
[18]周晓峰等著.森林生态功能与经营途径.北京:中国林业出版社,2004
[19]吴志文,杨淑军.对实施退耕还林(草)的对策探讨.林业经济问题,2001(1):3-7
[20]蒋海.中国退耕还林(草)的微观投资激励与政策的持续性.中国农村经济,2003(8):27-29
[21]白木,周洁.退耕还林(草)存在的问题和建议.林业建设,2004(4):19-22
[22]朱波,王道杰,孟兆鑫.长江上游陡坡耕地退耕还林(草)的思考.世界科技研究与发展,2005(51):53-56
[23]Mohr,E.,Sustainable Development and International Distribution:Theory and Application to Rainforests,Review of International Economics4,P.152-171,2006
[24]Andreas Wilkes.An Indigenous Model of the Household Economy,Livelihoods,Risk and Sustainability in Doyon[R].
[25]FAO issue Case Study:Community Based Information System,Jilin,Fuyu County,Chian,Farmers' Association Model..
[26]支铃.西部退耕还林(草)还(草)与生态经济协调发展.北京林业大学,2004
[27]王海迪.森林社会效益观测与评价方法.河北林业科技,2003(3):22-23
[28]奉国强.退耕还林退耕还林还草与发展西部经济政策建议.林业经济,2006(1):5-7
[29]张殿发,张祥华.西北地区退耕还林急需解决的问题及建议[J].中国水土保持,2003,(5):9-11
[30]赵成义.西北干旱区退耕还林(草)后水土资源开发的优化模式研究[J].干旱区地理2005,25(4):321-329
[31]何发理.发展林业是改善生态环境的根本.陕西林业.2003,1:9-10
[32]何家理.安康实施退耕还林工程个案分析.安康师专学报,2001(4)
[33]王志凌.退耕还林后农民的保障问题研究[J],经济师,2006,(11):23-38
[34]张卫萍.退耕还林补偿政策与农户相应的关联分析[J].中国人口,2006,(16):66-68
[35]国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.西部地区生态环境变化后果及其保护对策[J].环境保护,2002,3:28-31
[36]Heimlich,R.E.and Bills,N.L.1984.An improved soil erosion classification for conservation Policy.J.Soil Water Conserve,39(4):261-266
[37]Dumanski,J.et al.1986.Soil conservation in Canada,J.Soil Wlater Conserve,41(4):203-510
[38]Egan A F,WaldronK,RaechkaJ,et al.Ecosystem management in the Northeast[J].Journal of Forestry,2005,(9):23-9
[39]董维英.退耕还林(草)工程的后续产业开发.甘肃农业,2004,(11):6.
[40]马虎银.西部地区农业退耕与可持续发展问题研究.甘肃政法成人教育学院学报,2001,(1):85-88
[41]余万忠.退耕还林(草)还草与可持续发展研究,林业经济,2004,(5):18-24
[42]Hui Xue.Assessing the role of risk in agro-pastoral livelihood in Shanrila County,NorthwestYunnan Province[R].2003
[43]Lisia Zheng.An Analysis of Household Livelihoods in rfuomunan Village,Xianggelila County,NWYunnan[R].2003,
[44]李育材.中国的退耕还林工程,北京:中国林业出版社,2005:7-52
[45]Song Yuan etc.Rangeland Resources and Livelihoods in the Dimaluo Valley,Gongshan Country,Yunnan,China[R].2003
[46]The Warana Wired Village Project,India:A government-led initiative using ICT to modernize farmers' cooperatives in WaranaNagar,Maharashtra,India[R].
[47]Helm wei,congbin Fu.Study of the sensitivity of a regional moedel in response to land cover change over north China.Hvdrol.process,2005 (12):2249-2265
[48]Liu,Shuren.2002.Description of Cropland Conversion Program
[49]Mitchell D J,Fallen M Aetal.Sustainbilitv of reclaimed desertifide land in Ningxia,China,journal of Arid Environments,2002 (39):239-251
[50]Odum E P Perturbation theory and the subsidy-stress gradient.BioScience,2007,29 (6):349-352.
[51]Page T.Ecosystem health:new goals for environmental management (Eds.Bv Costanza R,Norton B G,Haskell B D) Bland Press Washington D C,Covelo.2002.97-123.
[52]P.Krishna.Raoel.WeatherSatellite:SystemsDat.aand Environmental Applications.American Metearological Societv,1990
[53]Rapport D J.Perspectives in Bio And Med,2006,33:120-132.
[54]R.Hietala-Koivu,Agricultural landscape change:a case study in Ylane,southwest Finland,Landscape and urban Planning2005 (46) 103-108.
[55]R.D Swetnam,P.Ragouetal.,Applying ecological models to altered landscapes Scenario-testing with gis,Landscape and urban Planning 12005 (41)3-18
[56]Simulation model of mountain fvnbos ecosystems Dynamics,valuation and management,Ecological Economics 1997(22)155-169.
[57]The Peope's Republic of Chain National Report on Substainable Development.Chain environment science presls 2006
[2]孔繁文,戴广翠,何乃慧.森林环境资源核算及补偿政策研究.林业经济.2004(4):33-46
[3]支玲,从中外退耕还林背景看中国以粮代娠目标的多样性,林业经济,2001,(7):29-31
[4]支玲,李怒云,王娟等.西部退耕还林经济补偿机制研究.林业科学,2004,40(2):1-8
[5]支玲,邵爱英.退耕还林的实践与思考[J].林业经济.2005(3):42-46
[6]龙花楼,李秀彬.美国土地资源政策的演变及启示.中国土地科学,2006,(13):43-47
[7]陈继海.美国纽约州历史上的退耕还林(草).农村经济,2000,(6):1-12
[8]蒋晓丽.河北省沽源县退耕还林工程经济影响价研究.林业经济,2006(5):6-13
[9]傅新红,杨宗亭,杨锦秀.四川省退耕还林试点工程的问题及对策.林业经济问题,2005,23(3):128-130
[10]洪尚群,马王京,郭慧.生态补偿制度的探索.环境科学与技术,总第97期,2001(5):40-43
[11]孙立达,朱金兆.水土保持林体系综合效益研究与评价.北京:林业出版社,2005.
[12]李会芳,苏喜友.森林资源评价的发展及研究[J]西部林业科学,2005,34(2):102-107
[13]蒋晓丽,王立群.退耕还林工程经济影响评价研究进展[J].林业调查规划,2005,30(6):106-110
[14]Robert Chapman,Tom Slaymaker and John Young.Livelihoods Approach to information and Communication in Support of Rural Poverty Elimination and Food Security[R].A collaborativeresearch project with the UK,Department of International Development and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
[15]羊绍武,黄金辉.退耕还林(草)与农户利益的矛盾及其调整,农业经济,2000,(12):13-15
[16]李炳坤.推进农业产业结构的战略性调整,农业经济问题,2003,(3):45-49
[17]李世东.中国退耕还林研究,北京:科学出版社,2004
[18]周晓峰等著.森林生态功能与经营途径.北京:中国林业出版社,2004
[19]吴志文,杨淑军.对实施退耕还林(草)的对策探讨.林业经济问题,2001(1):3-7
[20]蒋海.中国退耕还林(草)的微观投资激励与政策的持续性.中国农村经济,2003(8):27-29
[21]白木,周洁.退耕还林(草)存在的问题和建议.林业建设,2004(4):19-22
[22]朱波,王道杰,孟兆鑫.长江上游陡坡耕地退耕还林(草)的思考.世界科技研究与发展,2005(51):53-56
[23]Mohr,E.,Sustainable Development and International Distribution:Theory and Application to Rainforests,Review of International Economics4,P.152-171,2006
[24]Andreas Wilkes.An Indigenous Model of the Household Economy,Livelihoods,Risk and Sustainability in Doyon[R].
[25]FAO issue Case Study:Community Based Information System,Jilin,Fuyu County,Chian,Farmers' Association Model..
[26]支铃.西部退耕还林(草)还(草)与生态经济协调发展.北京林业大学,2004
[27]王海迪.森林社会效益观测与评价方法.河北林业科技,2003(3):22-23
[28]奉国强.退耕还林退耕还林还草与发展西部经济政策建议.林业经济,2006(1):5-7
[29]张殿发,张祥华.西北地区退耕还林急需解决的问题及建议[J].中国水土保持,2003,(5):9-11
[30]赵成义.西北干旱区退耕还林(草)后水土资源开发的优化模式研究[J].干旱区地理2005,25(4):321-329
[31]何发理.发展林业是改善生态环境的根本.陕西林业.2003,1:9-10
[32]何家理.安康实施退耕还林工程个案分析.安康师专学报,2001(4)
[33]王志凌.退耕还林后农民的保障问题研究[J],经济师,2006,(11):23-38
[34]张卫萍.退耕还林补偿政策与农户相应的关联分析[J].中国人口,2006,(16):66-68
[35]国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.西部地区生态环境变化后果及其保护对策[J].环境保护,2002,3:28-31
[36]Heimlich,R.E.and Bills,N.L.1984.An improved soil erosion classification for conservation Policy.J.Soil Water Conserve,39(4):261-266
[37]Dumanski,J.et al.1986.Soil conservation in Canada,J.Soil Wlater Conserve,41(4):203-510
[38]Egan A F,WaldronK,RaechkaJ,et al.Ecosystem management in the Northeast[J].Journal of Forestry,2005,(9):23-9
[39]董维英.退耕还林(草)工程的后续产业开发.甘肃农业,2004,(11):6.
[40]马虎银.西部地区农业退耕与可持续发展问题研究.甘肃政法成人教育学院学报,2001,(1):85-88
[41]余万忠.退耕还林(草)还草与可持续发展研究,林业经济,2004,(5):18-24
[42]Hui Xue.Assessing the role of risk in agro-pastoral livelihood in Shanrila County,NorthwestYunnan Province[R].2003
[43]Lisia Zheng.An Analysis of Household Livelihoods in rfuomunan Village,Xianggelila County,NWYunnan[R].2003,
[44]李育材.中国的退耕还林工程,北京:中国林业出版社,2005:7-52
[45]Song Yuan etc.Rangeland Resources and Livelihoods in the Dimaluo Valley,Gongshan Country,Yunnan,China[R].2003
[46]The Warana Wired Village Project,India:A government-led initiative using ICT to modernize farmers' cooperatives in WaranaNagar,Maharashtra,India[R].
[47]Helm wei,congbin Fu.Study of the sensitivity of a regional moedel in response to land cover change over north China.Hvdrol.process,2005 (12):2249-2265
[48]Liu,Shuren.2002.Description of Cropland Conversion Program
[49]Mitchell D J,Fallen M Aetal.Sustainbilitv of reclaimed desertifide land in Ningxia,China,journal of Arid Environments,2002 (39):239-251
[50]Odum E P Perturbation theory and the subsidy-stress gradient.BioScience,2007,29 (6):349-352.
[51]Page T.Ecosystem health:new goals for environmental management (Eds.Bv Costanza R,Norton B G,Haskell B D) Bland Press Washington D C,Covelo.2002.97-123.
[52]P.Krishna.Raoel.WeatherSatellite:SystemsDat.aand Environmental Applications.American Metearological Societv,1990
[53]Rapport D J.Perspectives in Bio And Med,2006,33:120-132.
[54]R.Hietala-Koivu,Agricultural landscape change:a case study in Ylane,southwest Finland,Landscape and urban Planning2005 (46) 103-108.
[55]R.D Swetnam,P.Ragouetal.,Applying ecological models to altered landscapes Scenario-testing with gis,Landscape and urban Planning 12005 (41)3-18
[56]Simulation model of mountain fvnbos ecosystems Dynamics,valuation and management,Ecological Economics 1997(22)155-169.
[57]The Peope's Republic of Chain National Report on Substainable Development.Chain environment science presls 2006