强激光脉冲在等离子体中的非线性传输特性研究
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摘要
近年来,随着超短超强激光脉冲的迅猛发展和“快点火”研究的深入,超短超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用成为当前激光等离子体领域的一个研究热点。本文的研究目的是:利用一维粒子模拟方法,对强激光脉冲在等离子体中的非线性传输特性进行研究。
首先,我们研究了激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩和分裂。通过数值求解一维非线性薛定谔方程,我们研究了圆偏振入射激光脉冲在初始密度范围为1/4到略低于1倍临界密度的等离子体中的自压缩和分裂现象。研究发现提高等离子体密度和入射激光强度以及减小脉冲宽度可以在更短的传输距离获得有效的激光脉冲压缩,压缩后的脉冲半高宽度可达到初始脉冲半高宽度的1/35,甚至更小。这种压缩是激光脉冲在等离子体中形成高阶孤子的过程中产生的,可以获得比在稀薄等离子体中更好的压缩比例。数值计算的结果给出了该情况下激光脉冲在等离子体中自压缩后形成的高阶孤子分裂。另外我们利用一维粒子数值模拟程序也观察到了脉冲的压缩和分裂现象,得到了与数值计算一致的结果。
其次,我们从理论上研究了两束交叉传播的激光束与等离子体相互作用产生的电子和离子密度调制。然后用一维粒子模拟程序研究了两束激光脉冲产生的干涉场激发的等离子体布拉格光栅。研究表明等离子体初始密度、脉冲强度和宽度共同影响等离子体布拉格光栅的演化。这种布拉格光栅的密度峰值可以达到初始等离子体密度的8倍以上,并且可以维持几皮秒的时间。
当继续增大激光脉冲的强度时,我们在等离子体中发现了电磁孤子的形成。两束反传播的激光脉冲在等离子体中经历了一个受激拉曼散射不稳定的过程,在非线性区域,由于散射光频率低于周围的等离子体频率,因此散射光能量的一部分被囚禁在等离子体中。然后,囚禁的激光场的有质动力将电子从高激光场区排开,随后由于电子和离子的分离产生的静电场开始拉走离子,形成几乎没有等离子体的密度空泡,电磁场被捕获在空泡内。此时,等离子体光栅已经形成并且具有很高的峰值密度,因此很容易囚禁形成的电磁孤子,所以我们获得的电磁孤子是一个单周期的准稳态结构,能够在等离子体中保持上千个时间周期。研究发现,等离子体初始密度、激光脉冲宽度和强度,以及等离子体温度以及离子运动共同影响电磁孤子的产生和演化。
本文分为五章。第一章为综述,简单介绍了激光与等离子体相互作用的研究背景和进展、研究内容、特点以及研究方法等。第二章介绍了激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩和分裂现象。第三章研究了两束交叉传播的激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用形成的等离子体光栅。第四章研究利用两束交叉传播的激光脉冲在等离子体中形成等离子体光栅来产生相对论电磁孤子。第五章为总结与展望。
In recent years,with the development of Chirped Pulse Amplification technique, laser pulses with focused intensities I≈1018-22W/cm2 and pulse widthτ<1ps are available in many laboratories. The study of the interaction of ultrashort intense laser pulses with plasmas,which is motivated primarily by the fast ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion,has received more and more attention. This thesis is devoted to studying those issues relevant to the interaction of ultrashort intense laser pulses with plasmas.
We study self-compression and splitting of a circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in plasmas with its density window from 1/4 critical to slightly below critical density by solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation numerically. It is demonstrated from the numerical calculation that effective self-compression of laser pulse can be achieved in even shorter distance by increasing both the background plasmas density and intensity of the laser pulse, or decreasing the width of pulse. The full-width at half maximum of the compressed pulse can reach even 1/35 of the initial one’s, and even smaller. It has been found that this kind of self-compression appears in the process of formation of a high-order soliton when a laser pulse propagates in plasmas, so that we can gain more effective compression ratio than that in thin plasmas. We also obtain the splitting of a high-order soliton formed after self-compression of a laser pulse propagating in plasmas from the result of the numerical calculation in this kind of situation. The phenomenon of self-compression and splitting is also observed by using one-dimension particle-in-cell simulations and we get the consistent result with the numerical calculation.
Solutions of electron and ion density gratings at the linear stage are given. Deep plasma gratings produced by the ponderomotive force of the interference of the two intersecting laser pulses are investigated. Dependence of the plasma gratings on the plasma densities, durations and intensities of the laser pulses are studied with 1D Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is found that the density peaks of such gratings can be 8 times of the initial plasma density and last a few picoseconds.
Consider two counter-propagating laser pulses in plasmas, the interaction between the pulses and plasma creates modulation of the electronic and ionic density in plasmas and leads to the Stimulated Raman scattering instability and then results in the localized stable, long-living entities called relativistic electromagnetic solitons. The laser pulses experience stimulated Raman scattering instability and a part of the scattered electromagnetic energy is trapped inside an empty density cavity in which there almost not exist any plasma substantial, therefore allows for trapping relativistic electromagnetic solitons. Dependence of the formation of relativistic electromagnetic solitons on the ion motion, plasma temperature and length, plasma densities, intensities and durations of laser pulse are studied by particle-in-cell simulations.
The thesis is organized as follows. The first chapter gives a brief introduction of research background and developing process of interaction of laser pulse with plasma. In the second chapter, we investigate self-compression and splitting of laser pulse in plasmas. Then, in the third chapter, Plasma Bragg gratings generated in the interaction of two counter-propagating laser pulses with plasmas is explored.
Chapter four presents our result of the formation of relativistic electromagnetic solitons with plasma Bragg gratings induced by two counter-propagating laser pulses. As the conclusion, in the last chapter, we briefly summarize the total subject and give an expectation for the future work.
首先,我们研究了激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩和分裂。通过数值求解一维非线性薛定谔方程,我们研究了圆偏振入射激光脉冲在初始密度范围为1/4到略低于1倍临界密度的等离子体中的自压缩和分裂现象。研究发现提高等离子体密度和入射激光强度以及减小脉冲宽度可以在更短的传输距离获得有效的激光脉冲压缩,压缩后的脉冲半高宽度可达到初始脉冲半高宽度的1/35,甚至更小。这种压缩是激光脉冲在等离子体中形成高阶孤子的过程中产生的,可以获得比在稀薄等离子体中更好的压缩比例。数值计算的结果给出了该情况下激光脉冲在等离子体中自压缩后形成的高阶孤子分裂。另外我们利用一维粒子数值模拟程序也观察到了脉冲的压缩和分裂现象,得到了与数值计算一致的结果。
其次,我们从理论上研究了两束交叉传播的激光束与等离子体相互作用产生的电子和离子密度调制。然后用一维粒子模拟程序研究了两束激光脉冲产生的干涉场激发的等离子体布拉格光栅。研究表明等离子体初始密度、脉冲强度和宽度共同影响等离子体布拉格光栅的演化。这种布拉格光栅的密度峰值可以达到初始等离子体密度的8倍以上,并且可以维持几皮秒的时间。
当继续增大激光脉冲的强度时,我们在等离子体中发现了电磁孤子的形成。两束反传播的激光脉冲在等离子体中经历了一个受激拉曼散射不稳定的过程,在非线性区域,由于散射光频率低于周围的等离子体频率,因此散射光能量的一部分被囚禁在等离子体中。然后,囚禁的激光场的有质动力将电子从高激光场区排开,随后由于电子和离子的分离产生的静电场开始拉走离子,形成几乎没有等离子体的密度空泡,电磁场被捕获在空泡内。此时,等离子体光栅已经形成并且具有很高的峰值密度,因此很容易囚禁形成的电磁孤子,所以我们获得的电磁孤子是一个单周期的准稳态结构,能够在等离子体中保持上千个时间周期。研究发现,等离子体初始密度、激光脉冲宽度和强度,以及等离子体温度以及离子运动共同影响电磁孤子的产生和演化。
本文分为五章。第一章为综述,简单介绍了激光与等离子体相互作用的研究背景和进展、研究内容、特点以及研究方法等。第二章介绍了激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩和分裂现象。第三章研究了两束交叉传播的激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用形成的等离子体光栅。第四章研究利用两束交叉传播的激光脉冲在等离子体中形成等离子体光栅来产生相对论电磁孤子。第五章为总结与展望。
In recent years,with the development of Chirped Pulse Amplification technique, laser pulses with focused intensities I≈1018-22W/cm2 and pulse widthτ<1ps are available in many laboratories. The study of the interaction of ultrashort intense laser pulses with plasmas,which is motivated primarily by the fast ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion,has received more and more attention. This thesis is devoted to studying those issues relevant to the interaction of ultrashort intense laser pulses with plasmas.
We study self-compression and splitting of a circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in plasmas with its density window from 1/4 critical to slightly below critical density by solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation numerically. It is demonstrated from the numerical calculation that effective self-compression of laser pulse can be achieved in even shorter distance by increasing both the background plasmas density and intensity of the laser pulse, or decreasing the width of pulse. The full-width at half maximum of the compressed pulse can reach even 1/35 of the initial one’s, and even smaller. It has been found that this kind of self-compression appears in the process of formation of a high-order soliton when a laser pulse propagates in plasmas, so that we can gain more effective compression ratio than that in thin plasmas. We also obtain the splitting of a high-order soliton formed after self-compression of a laser pulse propagating in plasmas from the result of the numerical calculation in this kind of situation. The phenomenon of self-compression and splitting is also observed by using one-dimension particle-in-cell simulations and we get the consistent result with the numerical calculation.
Solutions of electron and ion density gratings at the linear stage are given. Deep plasma gratings produced by the ponderomotive force of the interference of the two intersecting laser pulses are investigated. Dependence of the plasma gratings on the plasma densities, durations and intensities of the laser pulses are studied with 1D Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is found that the density peaks of such gratings can be 8 times of the initial plasma density and last a few picoseconds.
Consider two counter-propagating laser pulses in plasmas, the interaction between the pulses and plasma creates modulation of the electronic and ionic density in plasmas and leads to the Stimulated Raman scattering instability and then results in the localized stable, long-living entities called relativistic electromagnetic solitons. The laser pulses experience stimulated Raman scattering instability and a part of the scattered electromagnetic energy is trapped inside an empty density cavity in which there almost not exist any plasma substantial, therefore allows for trapping relativistic electromagnetic solitons. Dependence of the formation of relativistic electromagnetic solitons on the ion motion, plasma temperature and length, plasma densities, intensities and durations of laser pulse are studied by particle-in-cell simulations.
The thesis is organized as follows. The first chapter gives a brief introduction of research background and developing process of interaction of laser pulse with plasma. In the second chapter, we investigate self-compression and splitting of laser pulse in plasmas. Then, in the third chapter, Plasma Bragg gratings generated in the interaction of two counter-propagating laser pulses with plasmas is explored.
Chapter four presents our result of the formation of relativistic electromagnetic solitons with plasma Bragg gratings induced by two counter-propagating laser pulses. As the conclusion, in the last chapter, we briefly summarize the total subject and give an expectation for the future work.
引文
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