父亲教养方式对高中生考试焦虑的相关研究
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摘要
考试焦虑普遍存在学生当中,考试焦虑影响的不仅是学生的认知以及考试成绩,还会危害学生的身体健康和心理健康。随着离婚率的逐渐升高,单亲家庭越来越多。因此关注这些特殊家庭学生的考试焦虑情绪,重视父亲在子女教育中的作用,分析影响学生考试焦虑的相关因素以及影响途径非常有必要。已有研究发现有众多的因素可以影响考试焦虑,对这些变量间的关系也有广泛的探讨。但缺乏对变量间交互作用的深入分析,使得我们难以理解这些变量是如何对考试焦虑产生影响的。影响学生考试焦虑的诸多因素都是通过学生的人格变量的直接作用,从而对考试焦虑产生影响。即外因通过内因产生作用。外因主要指家庭教养方式,而内因指学生的个性特征。同样的外部条件,对于不同人格特征的学生的影响是不同的。
本文通过对在校高中生大规模的调查研究,对完整家庭、父亲缺失家庭与母亲缺失家庭的学生进行比较分析,得出以下结论:
(1)来自不同结构家庭的学生考试焦虑存在显著的差异。在情绪性维度上,三种家庭结构之间有显著差异,父亲缺失家庭的学生得分最高,其次是母亲缺失家庭,得分最低的是完整家庭的学生。在忧虑性维度上,三种家庭结构之间也存在显著差异。两种单亲家庭之间没有显著差异,而与完整家庭相比存在显著差异,即单亲家庭的学生在考试焦虑的忧虑性维度上得分显著高于完整家庭的学生。
(2)父亲的情感温暖与偏爱与子女的考试焦虑有显著的负相关,惩罚严厉与拒绝否认与子女的考试焦虑有显著的正相关。母亲教养方式中,情感温暖与考试焦虑有显著的负相关,惩罚严厉与考试焦虑有显著的正相关。回归分析发现,父亲教养方式能够解释子女考试焦虑的更多的变异量。
(3)从结构方程模型图可以看出,父亲教养方式中的情感温暖通过学生消极人格特征的部分中介作用对考试焦虑产生影响。与父亲教养方式不一样,母亲积极与消极的教养方式对考试焦虑的影响既通过积极人格特征,也通过消极人格特征的中介作用。说明父亲教养方式对子女考试焦虑的影响更直接,而母亲的影响更间接。
The students' mind suffered so heavy burden under our country's education system that test anxiety is unavoidable. Test anxiety is negative emotion, especially because of the tension from examinations. Excessive test anxiety not only affects the cognitive process, the examination results, but more seriously endanger the physical and mental health of students.
With divorce rates rising, number of single parent families was gradually increasing.The test anxiety is a large negative impact to students’physiological and mental health, especially the students from mother-single families. Their physical development is not ripe and psychological conditions are not stable, and lacking of the ability to accommodate themselves to different situations. Therefore, concerning on the test anxiety of students from father-single families, analysing the relevant factors is able to help students to promote their level of mental health. Existing research has found that there are many factors may influence the test anxiety. The interrelationship among these variables also had been extensively discussed.But the lacking of interaction between the variables made us difficult to understand how the test anxiety was affected by the factors.Within this study we supposed that all the factors that may influence the test anxiety acted through the mediating role of students’personality. In another words, the reflection of same external conditions was different from students with different characteristics.
Through large-scale investigation and comparing about senior students intact families, father-single families, mother-single families, we concluded the results as follows:
Firstly, test anxiety was significant different among different families. students from mother-single families scored highest on test anxiety, secondly was students from father-single families, and students from intact families scored the lowest.
Secondly, father’s emotional warmth and favour correlated negatively with students’test anxiety, whereas punish and refuse-delying positively. Mother’s emotional warmth correlated negatively with students’test anxiety, whereas punish positively. Result from regression analysis revealed that father’s parental styles explained more variance than mother’s.
Thirdly, the SEM analysis disclosed that students’negative characters mediated the relationship between father’s parental styles and test anxiety. Whereas the influence of mother’s parental styles on test anxiety was mediated by students’negative and positive characters, Which meaned that the influence of father’s parental styles on test anxiety was more directly and mother more indirectly.
本文通过对在校高中生大规模的调查研究,对完整家庭、父亲缺失家庭与母亲缺失家庭的学生进行比较分析,得出以下结论:
(1)来自不同结构家庭的学生考试焦虑存在显著的差异。在情绪性维度上,三种家庭结构之间有显著差异,父亲缺失家庭的学生得分最高,其次是母亲缺失家庭,得分最低的是完整家庭的学生。在忧虑性维度上,三种家庭结构之间也存在显著差异。两种单亲家庭之间没有显著差异,而与完整家庭相比存在显著差异,即单亲家庭的学生在考试焦虑的忧虑性维度上得分显著高于完整家庭的学生。
(2)父亲的情感温暖与偏爱与子女的考试焦虑有显著的负相关,惩罚严厉与拒绝否认与子女的考试焦虑有显著的正相关。母亲教养方式中,情感温暖与考试焦虑有显著的负相关,惩罚严厉与考试焦虑有显著的正相关。回归分析发现,父亲教养方式能够解释子女考试焦虑的更多的变异量。
(3)从结构方程模型图可以看出,父亲教养方式中的情感温暖通过学生消极人格特征的部分中介作用对考试焦虑产生影响。与父亲教养方式不一样,母亲积极与消极的教养方式对考试焦虑的影响既通过积极人格特征,也通过消极人格特征的中介作用。说明父亲教养方式对子女考试焦虑的影响更直接,而母亲的影响更间接。
The students' mind suffered so heavy burden under our country's education system that test anxiety is unavoidable. Test anxiety is negative emotion, especially because of the tension from examinations. Excessive test anxiety not only affects the cognitive process, the examination results, but more seriously endanger the physical and mental health of students.
With divorce rates rising, number of single parent families was gradually increasing.The test anxiety is a large negative impact to students’physiological and mental health, especially the students from mother-single families. Their physical development is not ripe and psychological conditions are not stable, and lacking of the ability to accommodate themselves to different situations. Therefore, concerning on the test anxiety of students from father-single families, analysing the relevant factors is able to help students to promote their level of mental health. Existing research has found that there are many factors may influence the test anxiety. The interrelationship among these variables also had been extensively discussed.But the lacking of interaction between the variables made us difficult to understand how the test anxiety was affected by the factors.Within this study we supposed that all the factors that may influence the test anxiety acted through the mediating role of students’personality. In another words, the reflection of same external conditions was different from students with different characteristics.
Through large-scale investigation and comparing about senior students intact families, father-single families, mother-single families, we concluded the results as follows:
Firstly, test anxiety was significant different among different families. students from mother-single families scored highest on test anxiety, secondly was students from father-single families, and students from intact families scored the lowest.
Secondly, father’s emotional warmth and favour correlated negatively with students’test anxiety, whereas punish and refuse-delying positively. Mother’s emotional warmth correlated negatively with students’test anxiety, whereas punish positively. Result from regression analysis revealed that father’s parental styles explained more variance than mother’s.
Thirdly, the SEM analysis disclosed that students’negative characters mediated the relationship between father’s parental styles and test anxiety. Whereas the influence of mother’s parental styles on test anxiety was mediated by students’negative and positive characters, Which meaned that the influence of father’s parental styles on test anxiety was more directly and mother more indirectly.
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