加筋板连接件的振动疲劳研究
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摘要
工程实际中,特别是在航空、航天、船舶、石油化工等领域,结构需要长期承受交变载荷作用,由此引起的疲劳破坏是结构失效的主要形式之一。由于工程结构的疲劳现象往往是由于结构振动引起的,因此,正确评估结构在振动环境中的疲劳寿命已成为工程界的热门研究课题。
本文以现代飞机的常用结构铝合金加筋板为研究对象,立足于加筋板结构的疲劳寿命试验,依据疲劳断裂力学、模态分析理论,应用有限元建模、响应、寿命仿真分析等CAE技术,对共振状态下加筋板结构的振动疲劳寿命问题进行了较为系统的分析。本文主要工作包括:
1.采用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran和Nastran建立三种不同连接形式的加筋板的有限元模型,并通过对比加筋板自由状态下的模态试验结果对所建模型进行验证修正,在此基础上进行有限元响应分析,为后期的振动疲劳分析做准备。
2.为了揭示影响结构振动疲劳寿命的因素,采用激振器直接对结构施加激振力,进行疲劳寿命试验。试验证明在同一载荷作用下的滚焊连接加筋板的疲劳寿命最长。
3.采用疲劳分析软件MSC.Fatigue针对结构的不同载荷形式对结构进行寿命分析,通过试验和仿真分析结果对比总结出不同连接形式以及激励方式影响结构疲劳寿命一般规律。
4.为了提高寿命预测的精度,从裂纹扩展的角度,采用有限元方法模拟加筋板的裂纹扩展,计算裂纹扩展过程中应力强度因子变化,并据此提出一种新的振动疲劳寿命计算方法,对比试验结果初步证明精度较高。
Fatigue failure is the main destroy mode in engineering pratice for most of the components when they work under compexed vibration environments, especially to aircraft, spaceflight, ship industry and prtroleum chemical industry, etc. Therefore, how to properly evaluate the fatigue life of structure under forced vibration becomes a hot research topic now.
For obtaining a definite understanding of the mechanism of vibration fatigue, the stiffened structure which is widely used in modern aircraft was employed as a study object. Based on the fatigue life experiment and CAE simulation technology such as finite element analysis and fatigue simulation analysis, the vibration fatigue life of stiffened structure was analyzed systematically combined with damage mechanics and modal analysis theory. For the above purpose, some works were done as follows:
Firstly, three finite element models were created for stiffened structure with different type of connection through the FEA soft such as Msc.Patran and Nastran. Modal experiment was carried out for the stiffened structure with free boundary to update the finite model. Finite element analysis was done for the preparation of the future fatigue simulation analysis.
In addition, in order to reveal the influence factors on life of structural vibration fatigue profoundly, fatigue life experiments of stiffened structure were done used vibration exciter exerts load on the structure directly. Results indicate that fatigue life of stiffened with rolling weld connection is the longest among the different test piece under the same loading.
What is more, structural fatigue life was analyzed used Msc.Fatigue soft with different loading mode and the simulation results were compared with test results. The general rule of structural fatigue life was summarized for different connection mode under different exciting.
Finally, the crack propagation of stiffened was simulated through the method of finite element analysis based on fracture mechanics, and the dynamic stress intensity factor was calculated during crack propagation so as to improve the precision of life prediction. A more realistic and accurate calculation method for fatigue crack growth was proposed in the end.
本文以现代飞机的常用结构铝合金加筋板为研究对象,立足于加筋板结构的疲劳寿命试验,依据疲劳断裂力学、模态分析理论,应用有限元建模、响应、寿命仿真分析等CAE技术,对共振状态下加筋板结构的振动疲劳寿命问题进行了较为系统的分析。本文主要工作包括:
1.采用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran和Nastran建立三种不同连接形式的加筋板的有限元模型,并通过对比加筋板自由状态下的模态试验结果对所建模型进行验证修正,在此基础上进行有限元响应分析,为后期的振动疲劳分析做准备。
2.为了揭示影响结构振动疲劳寿命的因素,采用激振器直接对结构施加激振力,进行疲劳寿命试验。试验证明在同一载荷作用下的滚焊连接加筋板的疲劳寿命最长。
3.采用疲劳分析软件MSC.Fatigue针对结构的不同载荷形式对结构进行寿命分析,通过试验和仿真分析结果对比总结出不同连接形式以及激励方式影响结构疲劳寿命一般规律。
4.为了提高寿命预测的精度,从裂纹扩展的角度,采用有限元方法模拟加筋板的裂纹扩展,计算裂纹扩展过程中应力强度因子变化,并据此提出一种新的振动疲劳寿命计算方法,对比试验结果初步证明精度较高。
Fatigue failure is the main destroy mode in engineering pratice for most of the components when they work under compexed vibration environments, especially to aircraft, spaceflight, ship industry and prtroleum chemical industry, etc. Therefore, how to properly evaluate the fatigue life of structure under forced vibration becomes a hot research topic now.
For obtaining a definite understanding of the mechanism of vibration fatigue, the stiffened structure which is widely used in modern aircraft was employed as a study object. Based on the fatigue life experiment and CAE simulation technology such as finite element analysis and fatigue simulation analysis, the vibration fatigue life of stiffened structure was analyzed systematically combined with damage mechanics and modal analysis theory. For the above purpose, some works were done as follows:
Firstly, three finite element models were created for stiffened structure with different type of connection through the FEA soft such as Msc.Patran and Nastran. Modal experiment was carried out for the stiffened structure with free boundary to update the finite model. Finite element analysis was done for the preparation of the future fatigue simulation analysis.
In addition, in order to reveal the influence factors on life of structural vibration fatigue profoundly, fatigue life experiments of stiffened structure were done used vibration exciter exerts load on the structure directly. Results indicate that fatigue life of stiffened with rolling weld connection is the longest among the different test piece under the same loading.
What is more, structural fatigue life was analyzed used Msc.Fatigue soft with different loading mode and the simulation results were compared with test results. The general rule of structural fatigue life was summarized for different connection mode under different exciting.
Finally, the crack propagation of stiffened was simulated through the method of finite element analysis based on fracture mechanics, and the dynamic stress intensity factor was calculated during crack propagation so as to improve the precision of life prediction. A more realistic and accurate calculation method for fatigue crack growth was proposed in the end.
引文
[1] Crandall S H, Mark W D. Random Vibration in Mechanical Systems[M].Academic Press inc,1963
[2]姚起杭.谈谈加速振动试验问题[J].航空标准化与质量,1975.06:P7-18
[3]《飞机电机电器基本技术要求》振动测试组.加速振动强度试验研究总结[J].航空标准化与质量,1975.05:P4-20
[4]姚起杭等.加速振动强度试验总结[J].航空标准化与质量,1978.05:P6-17
[5] Osgood, Carl C. Fatigue Design [M]. Oxford; Pergamon Press, 1982
[6] Barnby, J. T. , Fatigue[M].London:Mills & Boon Ltd., 1972
[7] H.O.Fuchs, R.l.stephens. Metal fatigue in engineering[M]. A Wiley Inter-science Publication.1980
[8]“Whler’s experiment on strength of metals”, Engineering, 1967,8:P160
[9]程育仁,缪龙秀,侯炳鳞.疲劳强度[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[10]吴富民.结构疲劳强度[M].西北工业大学出版社,1983
[11]赵少汁,王忠保编著.抗疲劳设计方法与数据.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[12]徐濒.疲劳强度[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[13]姚卫星.结构疲劳寿命分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.
[14]阳光武.机车车辆零部件的疲劳寿命预测仿真[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2005.
[15]夏益霖.振动环境工程的发展和应用[J].北京:航空工业出版社,1999:P154-159
[16]姚起杭.再谈加速振动试验问题[J].航空标准与质量,1979.03:P40-47
[17]秦桂骧.加速振动及其在标准设计中的应用[J] .环境技术,1984.05:P43-48
[18]肖寿庭,杜修德.飞机结构振动疲劳问题[C].第六届全国疲劳学术会议,厦门,1993
[19]何泽夏.振动与疲劳[J].火箭推进,1994.03:P14-20
[20]陆榕海,廖振魁.略论发动机涡轮叶片的振动疲劳[J].洪都科技,1997:P19-23
[21]姚起杭,姚军.工程结构的振动疲劳问题[J].应用力学学报,2006,23(1):P12-17
[22]姚起杭.再谈加速振动试验问题[J].航空标准与质量,1979.02:P43-47
[23]孙伟.结构振动疲劳寿命估算方法研究[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2005.02
[24] Ziad A. Hanna. Vibration fatigue assessment finite element analysis and test correlation [D],2005
[25]王明珠,姚卫星等.结构随机振动疲劳寿命估算的样本法[J].中国机械工程,2008 ,19 (8) :P972-975
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[30]肖寿庭,杜修德.LY12CZ铝合金悬臂梁动态疲劳S-N曲线的试验测定[J].机械强度, 1995.03:P22-24
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[32]武恭等.铝及铝合金材料手册[M].科学出版社,1994.3
[33]焦群英,王书茂,才力,等.用于结构共振疲劳寿命估计的应变模态分析[J] .机械工程学报,1996,32(6):P52-57
[34] Tommy J.George, etc. development of a novel vibration-based fatigue testing methodology [J]. International Journal of Fatigue. 2004,26:P477-486
[35] Tommy J.George, etc. Goodman Diagram Via Vibration-Based Fatigue testing [J]. International Journal of Fatigue. 2004,26:P477-486
[36] Kirmser PG.. The effect of discontinuities of the natural frequency of beams[A ]. In: Proceedings American Society for TestingMaterials[ C ].Philadelphia, PA,ASTM 1994. 897～904.
[37] A. J. Dentsoras and E. P. Kouvaritakis .Effects of vibration frequency on fatigue crack propagation of a polymer at resonance[J] .Engineering Fracture Mechanics 1995. 4, 467-473
[38]高金贺.飞机结构联接件振动损伤特性研究[D].沈阳航空工业学院,2006.02
[39] J.O.Almen, P.H.Black. Residual Stresses and Fatigue in Metals[M], McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,1963
[40] Julie A. Bannantine, etc. fundamentals of metal fatigue analysis [M]. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey,1990
[41]李舜酩.机械疲劳与可靠性设计[M].科学出版社,2006
[42] Manson S S. behavior of materials under condition of thermal stress [J]. NACA TN-2933,1954
[43] P. C. Paris, The fracture mechanics approach to fatigue--an interdisciplinary approach [J]. Proc. of l0th Materials Research Conf., Syracuse University Press, New York ,1963
[44] H.Neuber. Theory of concentration for shear strained prismatical bodies with arbitrary nonlinear stress-strain law [J]. J .of App. Mech., Trans. ASME, 1961,28(4)
[45] Irwin, G.R. Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack traversing a plate. J. Appl. Mech.-T. ASME24.1957:P361-364
[46]靳慧.工程机械金属结构系统疲劳可靠性分析研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.2003
[47]甘为银.车身结构及其过程对其疲劳性能的影响[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005
[48] Peter J 1Heyes.林晓斌译.基于有限元的疲劳设计分析系统MSC/FATIGUE[J].中国机械工程,1998(11):P12-16
[49] Peter J 1Heyes.林晓斌译.基于功率谱密度信号的疲劳寿命估计[J].中国机械工程,1998(11):P16-19
[50]王进.基于有限元法的塔式起重机钢结构疲劳寿命研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2005
[51]韩鲁明.基于CAE技术的某半挂车车架疲劳寿命预估研究[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[52]姜翠香,赵耀,刘土光.含裂纹损伤部分加筋板应力强度因子分析[J].中国造船,2004,45(1):65-70
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[2]姚起杭.谈谈加速振动试验问题[J].航空标准化与质量,1975.06:P7-18
[3]《飞机电机电器基本技术要求》振动测试组.加速振动强度试验研究总结[J].航空标准化与质量,1975.05:P4-20
[4]姚起杭等.加速振动强度试验总结[J].航空标准化与质量,1978.05:P6-17
[5] Osgood, Carl C. Fatigue Design [M]. Oxford; Pergamon Press, 1982
[6] Barnby, J. T. , Fatigue[M].London:Mills & Boon Ltd., 1972
[7] H.O.Fuchs, R.l.stephens. Metal fatigue in engineering[M]. A Wiley Inter-science Publication.1980
[8]“Whler’s experiment on strength of metals”, Engineering, 1967,8:P160
[9]程育仁,缪龙秀,侯炳鳞.疲劳强度[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[10]吴富民.结构疲劳强度[M].西北工业大学出版社,1983
[11]赵少汁,王忠保编著.抗疲劳设计方法与数据.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[12]徐濒.疲劳强度[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.
[13]姚卫星.结构疲劳寿命分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.
[14]阳光武.机车车辆零部件的疲劳寿命预测仿真[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2005.
[15]夏益霖.振动环境工程的发展和应用[J].北京:航空工业出版社,1999:P154-159
[16]姚起杭.再谈加速振动试验问题[J].航空标准与质量,1979.03:P40-47
[17]秦桂骧.加速振动及其在标准设计中的应用[J] .环境技术,1984.05:P43-48
[18]肖寿庭,杜修德.飞机结构振动疲劳问题[C].第六届全国疲劳学术会议,厦门,1993
[19]何泽夏.振动与疲劳[J].火箭推进,1994.03:P14-20
[20]陆榕海,廖振魁.略论发动机涡轮叶片的振动疲劳[J].洪都科技,1997:P19-23
[21]姚起杭,姚军.工程结构的振动疲劳问题[J].应用力学学报,2006,23(1):P12-17
[22]姚起杭.再谈加速振动试验问题[J].航空标准与质量,1979.02:P43-47
[23]孙伟.结构振动疲劳寿命估算方法研究[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2005.02
[24] Ziad A. Hanna. Vibration fatigue assessment finite element analysis and test correlation [D],2005
[25]王明珠,姚卫星等.结构随机振动疲劳寿命估算的样本法[J].中国机械工程,2008 ,19 (8) :P972-975
[26]黄超广,唐长红.正弦激振载荷作用下结构的疲劳寿命估算方法研究[C] .第三届全球华人航空科技研讨会论文集,P14-18
[27]周敏亮,陈忠明.飞机结构的随机振动疲劳分析方法[J],飞机设计.,2008,28:P46-49
[28]张积亭,周苏枫.飞机典型构件振动疲劳寿命分析[J].机械科学与技术, 2002,21(4):P38-41
[29]安刚,龚鑫茂.随机振动环境下结构的疲劳失效分析[J] .机械科学与技术,2000,19:P40-42
[30]肖寿庭,杜修德.LY12CZ铝合金悬臂梁动态疲劳S-N曲线的试验测定[J].机械强度, 1995.03:P22-24
[31]高镇同等.疲劳性能试验设计和数据处理[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1999
[32]武恭等.铝及铝合金材料手册[M].科学出版社,1994.3
[33]焦群英,王书茂,才力,等.用于结构共振疲劳寿命估计的应变模态分析[J] .机械工程学报,1996,32(6):P52-57
[34] Tommy J.George, etc. development of a novel vibration-based fatigue testing methodology [J]. International Journal of Fatigue. 2004,26:P477-486
[35] Tommy J.George, etc. Goodman Diagram Via Vibration-Based Fatigue testing [J]. International Journal of Fatigue. 2004,26:P477-486
[36] Kirmser PG.. The effect of discontinuities of the natural frequency of beams[A ]. In: Proceedings American Society for TestingMaterials[ C ].Philadelphia, PA,ASTM 1994. 897～904.
[37] A. J. Dentsoras and E. P. Kouvaritakis .Effects of vibration frequency on fatigue crack propagation of a polymer at resonance[J] .Engineering Fracture Mechanics 1995. 4, 467-473
[38]高金贺.飞机结构联接件振动损伤特性研究[D].沈阳航空工业学院,2006.02
[39] J.O.Almen, P.H.Black. Residual Stresses and Fatigue in Metals[M], McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,1963
[40] Julie A. Bannantine, etc. fundamentals of metal fatigue analysis [M]. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey,1990
[41]李舜酩.机械疲劳与可靠性设计[M].科学出版社,2006
[42] Manson S S. behavior of materials under condition of thermal stress [J]. NACA TN-2933,1954
[43] P. C. Paris, The fracture mechanics approach to fatigue--an interdisciplinary approach [J]. Proc. of l0th Materials Research Conf., Syracuse University Press, New York ,1963
[44] H.Neuber. Theory of concentration for shear strained prismatical bodies with arbitrary nonlinear stress-strain law [J]. J .of App. Mech., Trans. ASME, 1961,28(4)
[45] Irwin, G.R. Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack traversing a plate. J. Appl. Mech.-T. ASME24.1957:P361-364
[46]靳慧.工程机械金属结构系统疲劳可靠性分析研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.2003
[47]甘为银.车身结构及其过程对其疲劳性能的影响[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005
[48] Peter J 1Heyes.林晓斌译.基于有限元的疲劳设计分析系统MSC/FATIGUE[J].中国机械工程,1998(11):P12-16
[49] Peter J 1Heyes.林晓斌译.基于功率谱密度信号的疲劳寿命估计[J].中国机械工程,1998(11):P16-19
[50]王进.基于有限元法的塔式起重机钢结构疲劳寿命研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2005
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