202例视网膜脱离临床分析
摘要
目的:评价孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)手术治疗的临床疗效。
方法:收集我院2006年1月1日至2007年12月31日RRD手术治疗患者202例214眼,手术采用单纯视网膜激光光凝术14眼、玻璃体联合视网膜手术56眼、视网膜下液放液术71眼、巩膜环扎术102眼、巩膜外加压术95眼、巩膜冷凝术116眼。术后随访平均6.个月。观察术后视力、裂孔封闭及视网膜复位情况,探讨RRD的临床特点、手术方法及适应证的选择,术中、术后并发症及处理。
结果:1、术后视力提高171眼(79.9%),视力不变20眼(9.3%),视力下降23眼(10.7%)。
2术后视网膜复位199眼(93.0%),复位失败15眼(7.0%),复发5眼(2.3 %)。
3、术后并发症:屈光状态改变21眼(9.8%)、视网膜下液延迟吸收16眼(7.4%)、无菌性葡萄膜炎10眼(4.7%)、一过性高眼压9眼(4.2%)、角膜上皮水肿和混浊9眼(4.2%)、PVR加重7眼(3.3%)、视网膜面出血7眼(3.3%)、并发性白内障7眼(3.3%)、新裂孔形成5眼(2.3%)、眼球萎缩4眼(1.9%)。
结论:1、根据RRD的不同情况选择不同的手术方式。
2、完全封闭裂孔是手术治疗RRD的关键。
3、RRD术后主要并发症为屈光状态改变、视网膜下液延迟吸收、无菌性葡萄膜炎、一过性高眼压、角膜上皮水肿和混浊。
4、新裂孔形成是RRD术后复发的主要原因。
5、视功能的恢复与脱离的范围、黄斑是否受累、脱离的时间等有关。
Objective: To evaluate the effect of surgery in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Method: 202 patients (214 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that underwent surgical management from January 2006 to December 2007 were involved in this retrospective study
Results: In all 214 eyes,14 eyes underwentsurgical management of endolaser retinal photocoagulation,56 eyes underwent surgical management of Vitreoretinal surgery,71 eyes underwent surgical management of the placement of liquid into the retina,102 eyes underwent surgical management of scleral encircling operation, 95 eyes underwent surgicalmanagement of scleral buckling procedure,116 eyes underwent surgicalmanagement of scleral cryotherapy.The mean months of follow up period is 6. To survey the visual acuity,the break and its closure on retina,and the situation of retinal detachment reduction,and to explore the clinical features of RRD, mechanism and indication of surgery,and complications during or after surgeryand how to deal with them. Results:1、Improved vision was observed in 171 eyes(79.9%),invariable vision was observed in 20 eyes(9.3%),and descended vision was observed in 23 eyes(10.7%).2、Retinal detachment reduction after operation was observed in 199 eyes(93.0%),and the failure of retinal detachment reduction was observed in 15 eyes. Complications after surgery:21 eye appeared the alteration of refractive status and in the follow-up period of 6 months they were rectified by optometry.16 eye appeared the slow absorption of liquid under the retina,and 1 or 2 weeks after surgery the liquid was absorbed by some treatments such as braking,body position to make sure the liquid was in the lowest position of the eye,and eating some traditional Chinese drugs curing RD.10 eyes appeared aseptic uveitis,and their situation were controlled by some treatments such as mydriatic and hormone.9 eyes appeared hypertonia oculi and the situation were controlled by systematical and local treatment.9eyes appeared opacity and edema of corneal epithelial cell and 1 weeks after surgery the cornea became transparent.PVR became more and more serious in 7 eyes. 7 eyes appeared the retinal hemorrhage,and 2 weeks they were absorbed by durgs.7eyes appeared the complicated cataract, and they can treated by cataract surgery in some time.New break occurred in 5 eyes,among which 4 eye underwent the secondary surgical intervene,and 1 eye was cured in the other hospital.2 eyes appeared atrophy of eye ball and underwent surgical management of enucleation and orbital implants.
Conclusions: 1、To select different ways of surgery according to different situation of cases.
2、Closing the break completely is the key point of the operation on RRD.
3、The complications after surgery are the alteration of refractive status,slow absorption of liquid under the retina,aseptic uveitis,hypertonia oculi,and opacity and edema of corneal epithelial cell.
4、The new break occurs are the main cause of the recurrence of RRD.
5、There is conclusive relation in recovery of visual function with the abradant scope、to be involved in macula lutea or not、the time of detachment.
方法:收集我院2006年1月1日至2007年12月31日RRD手术治疗患者202例214眼,手术采用单纯视网膜激光光凝术14眼、玻璃体联合视网膜手术56眼、视网膜下液放液术71眼、巩膜环扎术102眼、巩膜外加压术95眼、巩膜冷凝术116眼。术后随访平均6.个月。观察术后视力、裂孔封闭及视网膜复位情况,探讨RRD的临床特点、手术方法及适应证的选择,术中、术后并发症及处理。
结果:1、术后视力提高171眼(79.9%),视力不变20眼(9.3%),视力下降23眼(10.7%)。
2术后视网膜复位199眼(93.0%),复位失败15眼(7.0%),复发5眼(2.3 %)。
3、术后并发症:屈光状态改变21眼(9.8%)、视网膜下液延迟吸收16眼(7.4%)、无菌性葡萄膜炎10眼(4.7%)、一过性高眼压9眼(4.2%)、角膜上皮水肿和混浊9眼(4.2%)、PVR加重7眼(3.3%)、视网膜面出血7眼(3.3%)、并发性白内障7眼(3.3%)、新裂孔形成5眼(2.3%)、眼球萎缩4眼(1.9%)。
结论:1、根据RRD的不同情况选择不同的手术方式。
2、完全封闭裂孔是手术治疗RRD的关键。
3、RRD术后主要并发症为屈光状态改变、视网膜下液延迟吸收、无菌性葡萄膜炎、一过性高眼压、角膜上皮水肿和混浊。
4、新裂孔形成是RRD术后复发的主要原因。
5、视功能的恢复与脱离的范围、黄斑是否受累、脱离的时间等有关。
Objective: To evaluate the effect of surgery in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Method: 202 patients (214 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that underwent surgical management from January 2006 to December 2007 were involved in this retrospective study
Results: In all 214 eyes,14 eyes underwentsurgical management of endolaser retinal photocoagulation,56 eyes underwent surgical management of Vitreoretinal surgery,71 eyes underwent surgical management of the placement of liquid into the retina,102 eyes underwent surgical management of scleral encircling operation, 95 eyes underwent surgicalmanagement of scleral buckling procedure,116 eyes underwent surgicalmanagement of scleral cryotherapy.The mean months of follow up period is 6. To survey the visual acuity,the break and its closure on retina,and the situation of retinal detachment reduction,and to explore the clinical features of RRD, mechanism and indication of surgery,and complications during or after surgeryand how to deal with them. Results:1、Improved vision was observed in 171 eyes(79.9%),invariable vision was observed in 20 eyes(9.3%),and descended vision was observed in 23 eyes(10.7%).2、Retinal detachment reduction after operation was observed in 199 eyes(93.0%),and the failure of retinal detachment reduction was observed in 15 eyes. Complications after surgery:21 eye appeared the alteration of refractive status and in the follow-up period of 6 months they were rectified by optometry.16 eye appeared the slow absorption of liquid under the retina,and 1 or 2 weeks after surgery the liquid was absorbed by some treatments such as braking,body position to make sure the liquid was in the lowest position of the eye,and eating some traditional Chinese drugs curing RD.10 eyes appeared aseptic uveitis,and their situation were controlled by some treatments such as mydriatic and hormone.9 eyes appeared hypertonia oculi and the situation were controlled by systematical and local treatment.9eyes appeared opacity and edema of corneal epithelial cell and 1 weeks after surgery the cornea became transparent.PVR became more and more serious in 7 eyes. 7 eyes appeared the retinal hemorrhage,and 2 weeks they were absorbed by durgs.7eyes appeared the complicated cataract, and they can treated by cataract surgery in some time.New break occurred in 5 eyes,among which 4 eye underwent the secondary surgical intervene,and 1 eye was cured in the other hospital.2 eyes appeared atrophy of eye ball and underwent surgical management of enucleation and orbital implants.
Conclusions: 1、To select different ways of surgery according to different situation of cases.
2、Closing the break completely is the key point of the operation on RRD.
3、The complications after surgery are the alteration of refractive status,slow absorption of liquid under the retina,aseptic uveitis,hypertonia oculi,and opacity and edema of corneal epithelial cell.
4、The new break occurs are the main cause of the recurrence of RRD.
5、There is conclusive relation in recovery of visual function with the abradant scope、to be involved in macula lutea or not、the time of detachment.
引文
1、Zou haidong,Zhang xi.First In temational conference RuralAging. Charleston, WestVirginia, USA,2002,11:131-138.
2、徐国兴主编.眼科学基础. 高等教育出版社 2005 年第一版(北京)P240-249.
3、徐国兴主译.临床眼科学.福建科技出版社 2005 年 8 月第一版 P354-394.
4、Gonin J.The treatment of detached retina by searing the retinal tears.Arch ophthalmol.1930,4:602
5 、 The Retina Society Terminology Committee.The classification of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 1983,90(2):121-125.
6 、 吕 林 . 超 声 诊 断 在 玻 璃 体 视 网 膜 手 术 中 的 意 义 .[J]. 中 国 眼 底 病 杂志,1995,11(2):124-128.
7. Rachal WF,Burton TC.Changing concepts of failure after retinal detachment surgery[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,1999,97(3):480-483.
8. American academy of ophthalmology.The repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments[J]. Ophthalmology,1996,103:1313-1323.
9、傅守静,王景昭.视网膜脱离诊断治疗学.第 1 版.北京科学技术出版社,1999,116-117
10、Malukiewica-WG,Stafiej J.Changes in axial length after retinal detachment surgery[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol,1999,9(2):115-119.
11、O′Connor PR.Absorption of subretinal fluid after external scleral buckling without drainage[J].Am J Ophthalmol,1998,76:30-36.
12、CHEN P P, THOMPSON JT. Risk factors forelevated intraocular pressure after the use of intraocular gases in vitreoretinal surgery [J]. Ophthalmic SurgLasers, 1997, 28: 37-4
13 、 Garcia-Valenzuela E,Blair NP,Shapiro MJ,Gieser JP,Resnick KI,Solomon MJ,Sugar J.Outcome of vitreoretinal surgery and penetrating keratoplasty using temporary keratoprosthesis.Retina, 1999;19:424-429
14 、 Borislav D. Cataract after silicone oil implantation[J]. Doc Ophthahmol, 1993,83(1): 79-82.
15、Fujii GY,de Juan E,Humayn MS.Initial experience using the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery.Ophthalmology,2002;109: 1820-1844
16、LincoffH,KreissigI.Advantages of radialbuckling.Am J Ophthalmol 1975,79:955一 957.
17、王一,李世洋,陈少军,等.复杂孔源性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术治疗分析.第三军医大学学报,2004,26(5):416-417
18 、 Nagasaki H,Shinagawa K,Mochizuki M.Risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.Prog Retin Eye Res 1998;17:77-98American journal of ophthalmology 2004;6:1105-1115
19、刘文,李春芳,等.视网膜脱离外路显微手术的临床观察. 中华眼底病杂志2004,20(6):369-373
20、Mao-song Xie Guo-Xing Xu.Culture in vitro Modulation of Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules and Costimulatory Molecules on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Ophthalmologica 2008;222:48-52
21、徐国兴,谢茂松,傅冷西等,溶血磷酸酸对人类视网膜色素上皮细胞生物学功能的影响研究 国际眼科杂志,2007;7(5):1281-1284
22 、 Wendy T,Bse,Rafael T,et al.Prevalence and risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery.
23 、 Cosar B,Osman C,Ankara T.Pneumatic Retinopexy in the Treatment of Recurrence Retinal Detachment.Ophthalmology 1998;105:1788-1789
24、Bonneet M,Guenoun S.Surgical risk factors for severe postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) in retinal detachment with grade B PVR.Graefe Arch Clin-Exp Ophthalmol 1995;233:789-791
25、孙振宇,彭小燕,梁远波.单纯玻璃体切除术后高眼压的临床观察.眼科,2005; 14:120-123
26、惠延年.原发性视网膜脱离的手术选择[J].眼科,2005,14(4):221-222·
27、Dick HB,Schwenn O,Pavlovic S,et al Effect of head position on refraction in aphakic and phakic silicone filled eyes[J]·Retina,1997,17:397 Desai U R·
28、Daufenbach DR,Ruttum MS,Polido J S,et al.Chorioretinal colobomas in a pediatric population[J]. Ophthalmology,1998,105∶1455
29、Aras C,Ozdamar A,Karacorlu M,et al.Retinal detachment following laser in situ keratomileusis[J].Ophthal Surg Lasers, 2000,31(2):121-125.
30、Kapran Z,Uyar O M,Kaya V,et al.Recurrences of retinal detachment after vitreoretinal surgery,and surgical approach[J].Eur J Ophthalmol,2001,11(2):166-70.
31、霍鸣,刘文,罗彤等.视网膜脱离显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术[J].眼外伤职业眼病杂志,2003,25(12):820-821.
32、Ingrid kreissig.原发性视网膜脱离手术技术的概念变革[J].国际眼科杂志.2005,5(1):34-35.
33、Polk TD,Smiddy WE,Flynn HW.Bilateral visual function After macular hole surgery[J].OPhthalmology,1996,103(5):422 一 426.
34、Margherio AR.Macular hole surgery in 2000.Curr OPin OPhthalmol2005,11(3):186 一 190.
35、American Academy of Ophthalmology. The repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.Ophthalmology. 1990,97(11):1562~1572.
〔1〕、Frezzotti R et a1.Pathogenesis of posterior capsular opacification. Part II: Histopathological and in vitro culture findings J Cataract Refract Surg,1990;16: 353—360
〔2〕、Findl O et.a1.Changes in intraocular lens position after neodymium: YAG capsulotomy .J Cataract Refract Surg,1999;25(5): 659— 662
〔3〕、Power、WJ et al. Daunomycin as an inhibitor of human lens epithelial cell proliferation in culture.J CataractRefract Surg,1994;20(3): 287—290
〔4〕、Legler UF et al. Inhibition of posterior capsule opacification: the effect of colchicine in a sustained drug delivery system. J Cataract Refract Surg.1993;19 (4):462—470
〔5〕、Sarra GM et a1.Kinetics of transgene expression in mouse retina following sub-retinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus. Vision Res,2002;42(4):541—549
〔6〕、王冰等.腺病毒载体介导的单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因/丙氧鸟苷体系对晶状体上皮细胞的作用. 中华眼科杂志, 2002,38:618—622.
〔7〕、Malecaze F,Couderc B,de Neuville S,et al. Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transduction:feasibility in lens epithelium and in pre—vention of posterior capsule opacification in rabbits. Hum Gene Ther,1999,10:2365—2372.
〔8〕、Couderc BC,de Neuville S,Douin—Echinard V ,et al Retrovirus-mediated transfer of a suicide gene into lens epithelial cells in vitro and in an experimental model of posterior capsule opacification.Curr Eye Res,1999,19:472—478.
〔9〕 、 Dilber MS et a1.Gap junctions promote the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in vivo. Cancer Res.1997、57:1 523—1528.
〔10〕、Ishii-Morita H et a1.Mechanism of 'bystander effect' killing in the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene therapy model of cancer treatment.Gene Ther.1997.4:244—251.
〔11〕、Mesnil M et a1. Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .1996.93:183l-l835.
〔12〕、Pitts JD.Cancer gene therapy: a by-stander effect using the gap junctional pathway. Mol Carcinogenests.1994.11:l27—130
〔13〕、Carystinos GD et a1.Cyclic-AMP induction of gap junctional intercellular communication increases bystander effect in suicide gene therapy. Clin Cancer Res.1999.1:6l—68.
〔14〕、 Denny WA.Prodrug strategies cancer therapy.Eur J Med Chem, 2001,36:577—595.
〔15〕、 Mesnil M .Yamasaki H.Bystander effect in herpes simplex virus—thymidine kinase/ganciclovir cancer gene therapy:role of gap-junctional intercellular communication. Cancer Res,2000,60:3989—3999.
〔16〕、Abudara V et a1.Cells of the carotid body express connexin43 which is up-regulated by cAMP. Brain Res.1999.849(1-2)::25—33.
〔17〕、Wygoda M R et a1.Protection of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced cells from ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity by bystander cells: the Good Samaritan effect. Cancer Res.1997.57(9):1699-1703.
〔18〕、Samejima Y et a1.'Bystander killing' induces apoptosis and is inhibited by forskolin. Gene Ther·1995.2:50-58.
〔19〕、Freeman SM et a1.The "bystander effect": tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified. Cancer Res.1993.53(21):5274— 19:472—478.
〔9〕 、 Dilber MS et a1.Gap junctions promote the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in vivo. Cancer Res.1997、57:1 523—1528.
〔10〕、Ishii-Morita H et a1.Mechanism of 'bystander effect' killing in the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene therapy model of cancer treatment.Gene Ther.1997.4:244—251.
〔11〕、Mesnil M et a1. Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .1996.93:183l-l835.
〔12〕、Pitts JD.Cancer gene therapy: a by-stander effect using the gap junctional pathway. Mol Carcinogenests.1994.11:l27—130
〔13〕、Carystinos GD et a1.Cyclic-AMP induction of gap junctional intercellular communication increases bystander effect in suicide gene therapy. Clin Cancer Res.1999.1:6l—68.
〔14〕、 Denny WA.Prodrug strategies cancer therapy.Eur J Med Chem, 2001,36:577—595.
〔15〕、 Mesnil M .Yamasaki H.Bystander effect in herpes simplex virus—thymidine kinase/ganciclovir cancer gene therapy:role of gap-junctional intercellular communication. Cancer Res,2000,60:3989—3999.
〔16〕、Abudara V et a1.Cells of the carotid body express connexin43 which is up-regulated by cAMP. Brain Res.1999.849(1-2)::25—33.
〔17〕、Wygoda M R et a1.Protection of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced cells from ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity by bystander cells: the Good Samaritan effect. Cancer Res.1997.57(9):1699-1703.
〔18〕、Samejima Y et a1.'Bystander killing' induces apoptosis and is inhibited by forskolin. Gene Ther·1995.2:50-58.
〔19〕、Freeman SM et a1.The "bystander effect": tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified. Cancer Res.1993.53(21):5274—
2、徐国兴主编.眼科学基础. 高等教育出版社 2005 年第一版(北京)P240-249.
3、徐国兴主译.临床眼科学.福建科技出版社 2005 年 8 月第一版 P354-394.
4、Gonin J.The treatment of detached retina by searing the retinal tears.Arch ophthalmol.1930,4:602
5 、 The Retina Society Terminology Committee.The classification of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 1983,90(2):121-125.
6 、 吕 林 . 超 声 诊 断 在 玻 璃 体 视 网 膜 手 术 中 的 意 义 .[J]. 中 国 眼 底 病 杂志,1995,11(2):124-128.
7. Rachal WF,Burton TC.Changing concepts of failure after retinal detachment surgery[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,1999,97(3):480-483.
8. American academy of ophthalmology.The repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments[J]. Ophthalmology,1996,103:1313-1323.
9、傅守静,王景昭.视网膜脱离诊断治疗学.第 1 版.北京科学技术出版社,1999,116-117
10、Malukiewica-WG,Stafiej J.Changes in axial length after retinal detachment surgery[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol,1999,9(2):115-119.
11、O′Connor PR.Absorption of subretinal fluid after external scleral buckling without drainage[J].Am J Ophthalmol,1998,76:30-36.
12、CHEN P P, THOMPSON JT. Risk factors forelevated intraocular pressure after the use of intraocular gases in vitreoretinal surgery [J]. Ophthalmic SurgLasers, 1997, 28: 37-4
13 、 Garcia-Valenzuela E,Blair NP,Shapiro MJ,Gieser JP,Resnick KI,Solomon MJ,Sugar J.Outcome of vitreoretinal surgery and penetrating keratoplasty using temporary keratoprosthesis.Retina, 1999;19:424-429
14 、 Borislav D. Cataract after silicone oil implantation[J]. Doc Ophthahmol, 1993,83(1): 79-82.
15、Fujii GY,de Juan E,Humayn MS.Initial experience using the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery.Ophthalmology,2002;109: 1820-1844
16、LincoffH,KreissigI.Advantages of radialbuckling.Am J Ophthalmol 1975,79:955一 957.
17、王一,李世洋,陈少军,等.复杂孔源性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术治疗分析.第三军医大学学报,2004,26(5):416-417
18 、 Nagasaki H,Shinagawa K,Mochizuki M.Risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.Prog Retin Eye Res 1998;17:77-98American journal of ophthalmology 2004;6:1105-1115
19、刘文,李春芳,等.视网膜脱离外路显微手术的临床观察. 中华眼底病杂志2004,20(6):369-373
20、Mao-song Xie Guo-Xing Xu.Culture in vitro Modulation of Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules and Costimulatory Molecules on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Ophthalmologica 2008;222:48-52
21、徐国兴,谢茂松,傅冷西等,溶血磷酸酸对人类视网膜色素上皮细胞生物学功能的影响研究 国际眼科杂志,2007;7(5):1281-1284
22 、 Wendy T,Bse,Rafael T,et al.Prevalence and risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery.
23 、 Cosar B,Osman C,Ankara T.Pneumatic Retinopexy in the Treatment of Recurrence Retinal Detachment.Ophthalmology 1998;105:1788-1789
24、Bonneet M,Guenoun S.Surgical risk factors for severe postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) in retinal detachment with grade B PVR.Graefe Arch Clin-Exp Ophthalmol 1995;233:789-791
25、孙振宇,彭小燕,梁远波.单纯玻璃体切除术后高眼压的临床观察.眼科,2005; 14:120-123
26、惠延年.原发性视网膜脱离的手术选择[J].眼科,2005,14(4):221-222·
27、Dick HB,Schwenn O,Pavlovic S,et al Effect of head position on refraction in aphakic and phakic silicone filled eyes[J]·Retina,1997,17:397 Desai U R·
28、Daufenbach DR,Ruttum MS,Polido J S,et al.Chorioretinal colobomas in a pediatric population[J]. Ophthalmology,1998,105∶1455
29、Aras C,Ozdamar A,Karacorlu M,et al.Retinal detachment following laser in situ keratomileusis[J].Ophthal Surg Lasers, 2000,31(2):121-125.
30、Kapran Z,Uyar O M,Kaya V,et al.Recurrences of retinal detachment after vitreoretinal surgery,and surgical approach[J].Eur J Ophthalmol,2001,11(2):166-70.
31、霍鸣,刘文,罗彤等.视网膜脱离显微镜直视下巩膜外顶压及冷凝术[J].眼外伤职业眼病杂志,2003,25(12):820-821.
32、Ingrid kreissig.原发性视网膜脱离手术技术的概念变革[J].国际眼科杂志.2005,5(1):34-35.
33、Polk TD,Smiddy WE,Flynn HW.Bilateral visual function After macular hole surgery[J].OPhthalmology,1996,103(5):422 一 426.
34、Margherio AR.Macular hole surgery in 2000.Curr OPin OPhthalmol2005,11(3):186 一 190.
35、American Academy of Ophthalmology. The repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.Ophthalmology. 1990,97(11):1562~1572.
〔1〕、Frezzotti R et a1.Pathogenesis of posterior capsular opacification. Part II: Histopathological and in vitro culture findings J Cataract Refract Surg,1990;16: 353—360
〔2〕、Findl O et.a1.Changes in intraocular lens position after neodymium: YAG capsulotomy .J Cataract Refract Surg,1999;25(5): 659— 662
〔3〕、Power、WJ et al. Daunomycin as an inhibitor of human lens epithelial cell proliferation in culture.J CataractRefract Surg,1994;20(3): 287—290
〔4〕、Legler UF et al. Inhibition of posterior capsule opacification: the effect of colchicine in a sustained drug delivery system. J Cataract Refract Surg.1993;19 (4):462—470
〔5〕、Sarra GM et a1.Kinetics of transgene expression in mouse retina following sub-retinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus. Vision Res,2002;42(4):541—549
〔6〕、王冰等.腺病毒载体介导的单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因/丙氧鸟苷体系对晶状体上皮细胞的作用. 中华眼科杂志, 2002,38:618—622.
〔7〕、Malecaze F,Couderc B,de Neuville S,et al. Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transduction:feasibility in lens epithelium and in pre—vention of posterior capsule opacification in rabbits. Hum Gene Ther,1999,10:2365—2372.
〔8〕、Couderc BC,de Neuville S,Douin—Echinard V ,et al Retrovirus-mediated transfer of a suicide gene into lens epithelial cells in vitro and in an experimental model of posterior capsule opacification.Curr Eye Res,1999,19:472—478.
〔9〕 、 Dilber MS et a1.Gap junctions promote the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in vivo. Cancer Res.1997、57:1 523—1528.
〔10〕、Ishii-Morita H et a1.Mechanism of 'bystander effect' killing in the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene therapy model of cancer treatment.Gene Ther.1997.4:244—251.
〔11〕、Mesnil M et a1. Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .1996.93:183l-l835.
〔12〕、Pitts JD.Cancer gene therapy: a by-stander effect using the gap junctional pathway. Mol Carcinogenests.1994.11:l27—130
〔13〕、Carystinos GD et a1.Cyclic-AMP induction of gap junctional intercellular communication increases bystander effect in suicide gene therapy. Clin Cancer Res.1999.1:6l—68.
〔14〕、 Denny WA.Prodrug strategies cancer therapy.Eur J Med Chem, 2001,36:577—595.
〔15〕、 Mesnil M .Yamasaki H.Bystander effect in herpes simplex virus—thymidine kinase/ganciclovir cancer gene therapy:role of gap-junctional intercellular communication. Cancer Res,2000,60:3989—3999.
〔16〕、Abudara V et a1.Cells of the carotid body express connexin43 which is up-regulated by cAMP. Brain Res.1999.849(1-2)::25—33.
〔17〕、Wygoda M R et a1.Protection of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced cells from ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity by bystander cells: the Good Samaritan effect. Cancer Res.1997.57(9):1699-1703.
〔18〕、Samejima Y et a1.'Bystander killing' induces apoptosis and is inhibited by forskolin. Gene Ther·1995.2:50-58.
〔19〕、Freeman SM et a1.The "bystander effect": tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified. Cancer Res.1993.53(21):5274— 19:472—478.
〔9〕 、 Dilber MS et a1.Gap junctions promote the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in vivo. Cancer Res.1997、57:1 523—1528.
〔10〕、Ishii-Morita H et a1.Mechanism of 'bystander effect' killing in the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene therapy model of cancer treatment.Gene Ther.1997.4:244—251.
〔11〕、Mesnil M et a1. Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .1996.93:183l-l835.
〔12〕、Pitts JD.Cancer gene therapy: a by-stander effect using the gap junctional pathway. Mol Carcinogenests.1994.11:l27—130
〔13〕、Carystinos GD et a1.Cyclic-AMP induction of gap junctional intercellular communication increases bystander effect in suicide gene therapy. Clin Cancer Res.1999.1:6l—68.
〔14〕、 Denny WA.Prodrug strategies cancer therapy.Eur J Med Chem, 2001,36:577—595.
〔15〕、 Mesnil M .Yamasaki H.Bystander effect in herpes simplex virus—thymidine kinase/ganciclovir cancer gene therapy:role of gap-junctional intercellular communication. Cancer Res,2000,60:3989—3999.
〔16〕、Abudara V et a1.Cells of the carotid body express connexin43 which is up-regulated by cAMP. Brain Res.1999.849(1-2)::25—33.
〔17〕、Wygoda M R et a1.Protection of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transduced cells from ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity by bystander cells: the Good Samaritan effect. Cancer Res.1997.57(9):1699-1703.
〔18〕、Samejima Y et a1.'Bystander killing' induces apoptosis and is inhibited by forskolin. Gene Ther·1995.2:50-58.
〔19〕、Freeman SM et a1.The "bystander effect": tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified. Cancer Res.1993.53(21):5274—