土壤微生物特性对不同耕作方式的响应
|
摘要
本文通过设置在陇中黄土高原半干旱区连续7年的长期定位试验,研究了不同农作方式对耕层土壤微生物特性的影响,旨在结合定西的生产实际,进行保护性耕作的试验研究,寻求能够提高土壤结构稳定性及肥力的耕作模式,以减少水土流失,维持土壤的持续生产力。
本试验设4个处理,即T:传统耕作;NT:免耕不覆盖;TS:传统耕作结合秸秆还田;NTS:免耕秸秆覆盖。采用春小麦豌豆双序列轮作,分别于2008年3月18日、4月6日对春小麦、豌豆双序列轮作下的土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮含量及土壤酶活性和土壤基础呼吸进行了采样测定,主要研究结论如下:
1保护性耕作提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量
1)不同耕作方式下0～30 cm土层的微生物量碳含量,小麦地和豌豆地均表现为:NTS>TS>NT>T;而微生物量氮含量小麦地和豌豆地则分别表现为:NTS>TS>T>NT和NTS>TS>NT>T。
2)不同耕作方式下,0～5 cm、5～10 cm、10～30 cm三个土层土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮不同处理都表现为随着土层加深递减,即0～5 cm > 5～10 cm > 10～30 cm。
3)长期保护性耕作使土壤微生物量C、N较之传统耕作均有不同程度的增加,占有机C、全N的比例也增加,并且与有机C、全N呈良好的平行关系,相关达显著水平。
2各处理下土壤基础呼吸的差异与土壤SMBC和SMBN的总体趋势类似,免耕秸秆覆盖处理显著提高土壤基础呼吸
3保护性耕作能够显著提高土壤酶活性
1)在0～5 cm和5～10 cm土层,无论是在W-P-W轮作序列,还是P-W-P轮作序列,总体上蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均表现为NTS处理最高,其次是NT和TS处理,T处理的则最低。
2)总体上来讲,4种土壤酶活性具有一定的垂直分布特征,各种酶活性均随着土层的加深而呈现出减小的趋势,但不同处理其下降幅度不一致,NTS处理降幅度最大。
4土壤微生物特性间的相关性
在两种轮作次序下,土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮与基础呼吸及土壤酶活性均呈正相关关系;而与代谢熵呈负相关关系。
With intending to explore tillage practices that increase soil structure property, reduce its losses and maintain sustainable productivity, effects of different tillage practices on soil microbial properities and phyical and chemical characteristics in soil plough layer were investigated. The experiment was conducted at a located experimental station for seven years in Loess Plateau of central Gansu province where the area represents semiarid.
The experiment contain four treatments, namely conventional tillage (T), no-tillage no straw cover (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS) and no-tillage with straw cover (NTS). Two sequence rotation systems with spring wheat and pea at the Gansu Agricultural University′s farm in Dingxi .In the article“the spring field”and“the pea field”represented the order of rotation spring wheat and pea had been planted in 2008. The main results obtained were listed as follows:
1 Conservation tillage has impoved the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
1) In the 0~30 cm soil layer of the spring wheat field the contents of SMBC and SMBN followed the order in the treatments: NTS>TS>NT>T while NTS>TS>NT>T、NTS>TS>NT>T in the pea field.
2)With the soil layer being deepened,the content of SMBC and SMBN followed the order: 0～5 cm > 5～10 cm > 10～30 cm.
2 The differences in the four treatments of soil basal respiration potential were similar to the laws of SMBC and SMBN. No-tillage with straw cover (NTS) did improve soil basal respiration potential significantly.
3 Conservation tillage has significantly impoved soil enzymatic activities
1)The enzyme activities of the invertase, phosphatase, urease and catalase were shown as that NTS had the highest enzyme activity than NT and TS, and T was lowest in the depth of 0～5 cm and 5～10 cm.
2)The enzyme activities decreased as the increase of the soil depth, especially under NTS.
3) Long-term conservation tillage so that soil microbial biomass C, N compared to traditional farming increased in varying degrees, possession increases in the proportion of TN and organic C, and has a good parallel relationship between the level of correlation significant.
4 The correlation coefficient among the soil microbial properties
The positive correlation amony the SMBC,SMBN,soil basal respiration potential and activities of 4 soil enzymes;soil microbial metabolic quotient has a negative correlation with the other soil microbial properties.
本试验设4个处理,即T:传统耕作;NT:免耕不覆盖;TS:传统耕作结合秸秆还田;NTS:免耕秸秆覆盖。采用春小麦豌豆双序列轮作,分别于2008年3月18日、4月6日对春小麦、豌豆双序列轮作下的土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮含量及土壤酶活性和土壤基础呼吸进行了采样测定,主要研究结论如下:
1保护性耕作提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量
1)不同耕作方式下0～30 cm土层的微生物量碳含量,小麦地和豌豆地均表现为:NTS>TS>NT>T;而微生物量氮含量小麦地和豌豆地则分别表现为:NTS>TS>T>NT和NTS>TS>NT>T。
2)不同耕作方式下,0～5 cm、5～10 cm、10～30 cm三个土层土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮不同处理都表现为随着土层加深递减,即0～5 cm > 5～10 cm > 10～30 cm。
3)长期保护性耕作使土壤微生物量C、N较之传统耕作均有不同程度的增加,占有机C、全N的比例也增加,并且与有机C、全N呈良好的平行关系,相关达显著水平。
2各处理下土壤基础呼吸的差异与土壤SMBC和SMBN的总体趋势类似,免耕秸秆覆盖处理显著提高土壤基础呼吸
3保护性耕作能够显著提高土壤酶活性
1)在0～5 cm和5～10 cm土层,无论是在W-P-W轮作序列,还是P-W-P轮作序列,总体上蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均表现为NTS处理最高,其次是NT和TS处理,T处理的则最低。
2)总体上来讲,4种土壤酶活性具有一定的垂直分布特征,各种酶活性均随着土层的加深而呈现出减小的趋势,但不同处理其下降幅度不一致,NTS处理降幅度最大。
4土壤微生物特性间的相关性
在两种轮作次序下,土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮与基础呼吸及土壤酶活性均呈正相关关系;而与代谢熵呈负相关关系。
With intending to explore tillage practices that increase soil structure property, reduce its losses and maintain sustainable productivity, effects of different tillage practices on soil microbial properities and phyical and chemical characteristics in soil plough layer were investigated. The experiment was conducted at a located experimental station for seven years in Loess Plateau of central Gansu province where the area represents semiarid.
The experiment contain four treatments, namely conventional tillage (T), no-tillage no straw cover (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS) and no-tillage with straw cover (NTS). Two sequence rotation systems with spring wheat and pea at the Gansu Agricultural University′s farm in Dingxi .In the article“the spring field”and“the pea field”represented the order of rotation spring wheat and pea had been planted in 2008. The main results obtained were listed as follows:
1 Conservation tillage has impoved the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
1) In the 0~30 cm soil layer of the spring wheat field the contents of SMBC and SMBN followed the order in the treatments: NTS>TS>NT>T while NTS>TS>NT>T、NTS>TS>NT>T in the pea field.
2)With the soil layer being deepened,the content of SMBC and SMBN followed the order: 0～5 cm > 5～10 cm > 10～30 cm.
2 The differences in the four treatments of soil basal respiration potential were similar to the laws of SMBC and SMBN. No-tillage with straw cover (NTS) did improve soil basal respiration potential significantly.
3 Conservation tillage has significantly impoved soil enzymatic activities
1)The enzyme activities of the invertase, phosphatase, urease and catalase were shown as that NTS had the highest enzyme activity than NT and TS, and T was lowest in the depth of 0～5 cm and 5～10 cm.
2)The enzyme activities decreased as the increase of the soil depth, especially under NTS.
3) Long-term conservation tillage so that soil microbial biomass C, N compared to traditional farming increased in varying degrees, possession increases in the proportion of TN and organic C, and has a good parallel relationship between the level of correlation significant.
4 The correlation coefficient among the soil microbial properties
The positive correlation amony the SMBC,SMBN,soil basal respiration potential and activities of 4 soil enzymes;soil microbial metabolic quotient has a negative correlation with the other soil microbial properties.
引文
[1]Blevins R L.Thomas G W,Smith M S.Frye W W,Comelius P L.Changes in soil properties after10 years continuous non-tilled and conventionally tilled com.Soil and Tillage Research,1983,3:135-146.
[2]Unger P W.Tillage effects on surface soil physical conditions and sorghum emergence.Soil Sci.Am.1984,48:1423-1432.
[3]张志国,徐琪,R.L.Blevins.长期秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤某些理化性质及玉米产量的影响.土壤学报,1998,35(3):385-389.
[4]李昱,李问盈.冷凉风沙区机械化保护性耕作技术体系试验研究.中国农业大学学报,2004,9(3):16-20.
[5]Domzal H and Slowinska-Jurkiewica A.effects of tillage and weather conditions on structure and Physical properties of soil and yield of winter wheat .Soil & Tillage Research, 1987(10):225-241.
[6]吴敬民.秸秆还田效果及其在土壤培肥中的地位.土壤学报,1991,25(5):211-215.
[7]王笳,王树楼,丁玉川,等.旱地玉米免耕整秸秆覆盖土壤养分、结构和生物研究.山西农业科学,1994,22(3):17-19.
[8]刘世平,庄恒扬,陆建飞,等.免耕法对土壤结构影响的研究.土壤学报,1998.35(1):33-37.
[9]孙海国,雷浣群,植物残体对土壤结构性状的影响.生态农业研究,1998,6(3):39-41.
[10]王芸,韩宾,史忠强,等.保护性耕作对土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响.水土保持学报,2006,20(4):120-122,142.
[11]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册.北京:农业出版社,1986:26-227. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin Vol.24 No.2 2008 February http://www.casb.org.cn
[12]晋凡生,张宝林.免耕覆盖玉米秸秆对旱塬地土壤环境的影响.生态农业研究,2000,8(3):47-50.
[13]牛灵安,秦耀生,郝晋珉,等,曲周试区秸秆还田配施氮磷肥的效应研究.土壤肥料,1998(6):32-35.
[14]袁家福.麦田秸秆覆盖效应及增产作用.生态农业研究,1996,4(3):61-65.
[15]吴崇海,李振金,顾士领.高留麦茬的整体效应与配套技术的研究.干旱地区农业研究,1996,14(1),43-48.
[16]杨玉爱,微量元素研究及应用.湖北科技出版社,1986:297-306.
[17]林新荣,有机肥防治油菜缺硼效果的研究.浙江农业科学,1985,(2):88-91.
[18]T.E.Staley著,郎印海译,耕作方式对土壤微生物量影响的研究.水土保持科技情报,2001,(1):12-13.
[19]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.秸秆覆盖免耕土壤微生物生物量与养分转化的研究.中国农业科学,1994,27(6):41-49.
[20]J.R.Salinas-Garcla.J.de J.Vela zquez-Garcla,M.Gallardo-Valdez, et al.Tillage effects on microbial biomass and nutrient distribution in soils under rain-fed corn production in central-western Mexico.Soil &tillage research.2002,66:143-152.
[21]Brookes P.C..The soil Microbial Biomass:Concept,Measurement and Applications in Soil EcosystemResearch[J].Microbes and Environments,2001,16:131-140
[22]Tu C.,Ristaino J.B.,Hu S.. Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farmingsystems-effects of organic inputs and straw mulching. Soil Biology and Biochemistry[J].2006,38:247-255
[23]Kalbitz K.,Solinger S.,Park J.H.,et al..Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:a review[J].Soil Sci.2000,165,277–304
[24]Zhou J.B.,Li S.X.,Chen Z J..Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Relationship to Uptake of Nitrogen byPlant[J].Pedosphere,2002,12(3):251-256
[25]仇少君,彭佩钦,刘强,等.土壤微生物生物量氮及其在氮素循环中作用[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(4):443-448
[26]Powlson D.S.,Brookes P.C..Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19:159-164
[27]Tu C., Louws F. J., Creamer N. G., et al.. Responses of soil microbial biomass and N availability to transition strategies from conventional to organic farming systems[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005,113:206-215
[28]于树,汪景宽,高艳梅.地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对土壤微生物量碳和氮的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(4):602-606
[29]张海燕,肖延华等.土壤微生物量作为土壤肥力指标的探讨[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):422-425
[30]俞慎,李勇等.土壤微生物量作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):413-422
[31]王小利,苏以荣,黄道友,等.土地利用对亚热带红壤低山区土壤有机碳和微生物碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):750-757
[32]Moore J. M., Klise S. ,Tabatabai M.A. .Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as affected by cropping systems[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2000,31:200-210
[33]王清奎,汪思龙,高洪等.杉木人工林土壤活性有机质变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1270-1274
[34]李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599
[35]殷士学.土壤微生物生物量及其与养分循环关系的研究进展[J].土壤学进展,1993,21(4):1-8
[36]何振立.土壤微生物量及其在养分循环和环境质量评价中的意义[J].土壤,1997,(2):61-69
[37]Bonde T. A., Schnurer J., Rosswall T..Microbial biomass as a fraction of potentially mineralizable nitrogen in soils from long-term field experiments[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1988,20:447–452
[38]Zhou J. B., Li S. X.. Relationships between soil microbial biomass C and N and mineralizable nitrogen in some arable soils on Loess Plateau[J].Pedosphere,1998,8(4):349-354
[39]Sakamoto K., Yoshida T., Satoch M. Comparison of carbon and nitrogen mineralization between fumigation and heating treatments[J].Soil Sci.Plant Nutr.,1992,38:133-140
[40]Ross D. J., Sparling G. P., Burkd C. M. Microbial biomass C and N in litter and mineral soil under pinus radiata on a coastal stand: Influence of stand age and harvest measurement[J].Plant and Soil,1995,175:167-177
[41]韩晓日,邹徳乙，郭鹏程，等．长期施肥条件下土壤生物量氮的动态及其调控氮素营养的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(1):16-22
[42]田育军,林杉,赵笃乐,等.长期不同施肥土壤微生物态氮作为土壤供氮指标的研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2000,35:24-28
[43]Ocio J. A.,Martinez J.,Brookes P.C.. Contribution of straw-derived N to total microbial biomass N following incorporation of cereal straw to soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1991,23:655-659
[44]Jensen E.S..Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of 15N-labelled pea and barley residues[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1997,24:39-44
[45]张娟,沈其荣,张亚丽,等.施用预处理稻秆的土壤供氮特征及对冬小麦氮吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):24-28
[46]卜玉山,苗果园,周乃健等.地膜和秸秆覆盖土壤肥力效应分析与比较[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(5):1069-1075
[47]Hatch D. J., Lovell R.D., Antil R. S. et al. .Nitrogen mineralization and microbial activity in permanent pastures amended with nitrogen fertilizer or dung[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2000,30:288-293
[48]Lovell R. D., Jarvis S .C. Effect of cattle dung on soil microbial biomass C and N in a permanent pasture soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28:291-299
[49]许月蓉.不同施肥条件下潮土中微生物量及其活性[J].土壤学报,1995,32(3):349-352
[50]杨劲峰,韩晓日,阴红彬等.不同施肥条件对玉米生长季耕层土壤微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(1):173-175
[51]Shen S. M., Hart P. B. S., Powlson D.S. et al. The nitrogen cycle in the broad balk wheat experiment:15N-labelled fertilizer residues in the soil and in the soil microbial biomass[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21:529-533
[52]张成娥,梁银丽.不同氮磷施肥量对玉米生育期土壤微生物量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(2):72-74
[53]蔡晓布.不同培肥方式对西藏中部退化土壤的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):12-15
[54]Lovell R. D., Jarvis S. C., Bardgett R. D. Soil microbial biomass and activity in long-term grassland effects of management changes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27:969-975
[55]王岩,沈其荣,史瑞和.有机、无机肥料使用后土壤生物量C、N、P的变化及N素转化[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):227-234
[56]温晓霞,韩思明.旱作小麦地膜覆盖生态效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(2):93-95
[57]陈锡时,郭树凡,汪景宽等.地膜覆盖栽培对土壤微生物种群和生物活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(4):435-43
[58]张成娥.地膜覆盖玉米对土壤微生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):508-512
[59]李世清,李东方.半干旱农田生态系统地膜覆盖的土壤生态效应[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2003,31(5):21-29
[60]Acosta-Martinez V., Mikha M. M., Vigil M. F. Microbial communities and enzyme activities in soils under alternative crop rotations compared to wheat–fallow for the Central Great Plains[J].Applied soil ecology,2007,37:41–52
[61]Doran J. W., Elliott E. T., Paustian K. Soil microbial activity, nitrogen cycling, and long-term changes in organic carbon pools as related to fallow tillage management[J].Soil&Tillage Research 1998,49:3-18
[62]Devi N. B., Yadava P. S. Seasonal dynamics in soil microbial biomass C,N and P in a mixed-oak forest ecosystem of Manipur, North-east India[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006,31:220–227
[63]Lynch J. M., Panting L. M. Effects of season, cultivation and nitrogen fertilizer on the size of the soil microbial biomass[J]. J. Sci. Food Agric,1982,23,249–252
[64]Santruckova H. .Microbial biomass, activity and soil respiration in relation to secondary succession[J].Pedobiologia,1992,36,341–350
[65]Barbhuiya A. R. Arunachalam A. , Pandey H. N., et al. .Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C,N and P in disturbedand undisturbed stands of a tropical wet-evergreen forest[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2004,40:113–121
[66]孙波,赵其国,张桃林,俞慎.土壤质量与持续环境.III:土壤质量评价的生物学指标[J].土壤,1997,29(5):225—234.
[67]唐玉姝,魏朝富,颜廷梅,等.土壤质量生物学指标研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):157-163.
[68]王新,周启星.重金属与土壤微生物的相互作用及污染土壤修复[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(11):l-5.
[69]龙健,黄吕勇,滕应,姚槐应.矿区重金属污染对土壤环境质量微生物学指标的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(1):60-63.
[70]Mendes C, Bandick A K, Dick R P, Bottomley P J. Microbial biomass and activities in soil aggregates by winter cover crops[J].Soil Sci Soc A m J.1999,63:873-881.
[71]黄承才,葛洼,常杰.中亚热带东部三种主要木本群落土壤呼吸的研究.生态学报.1999,19(3) :324-328
[72]陈四清等.内蒙古锡林河流域大针茅草原土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的CO2排放速率研究.植物学报.1999,41(6) ::645-650
[73]李凌浩,陈佐忠.草地群落的土壤呼吸.生态学杂志.1998,17(4):45-51
[74]0omes M J M, Kuikman P J, JaJacobs F H. Nitrogen availability and uptake by grassland in mesocosms at two water levels and two water qualities[J].Plant and soi1 , 1997 ,192(2):249-259
[75]Keith H Jacobsen K L Raison R J. Effects of soil phosphorus availability temperature and moisture on soi[J].Soil,1997,190(1):127-141
[76]杨靖春,倪平,祖元刚等.东北羊草草原土壤微生物呼吸速率的研究.生态学报.1989,9:139-143
[77]Tesarova M, GloserJ. Total CO2 output from alluvial soil with two types of grassland communities. Pedobiologia.1976,16:364-372
[78]Calderson F J,Jackson L E,et al. Microbial response to simulated tillage in cultivated and uncultivated soils[J]. soil Biology and Biochemistry.2000,32:1547-1559
[79]Odum E. Trends expected in stressed ecosystems.Bioscience.1985,35:419-422
[80]AndersonT H and DomschK.H.. APPlication of eco-Physiological quotients (qCO2 and qD)on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biol Biochem,1990,22:251-255
[81]薛楚,翟胜,王国梁.侵蚀环境小流域生态经济系统健康定量评价.2006,26:2219-2228
[82]Andrews J H,Harris,F.r-and k-selection and microbial ecology.Adv.Microb.Ecol.,1986,9:99
[83]薛东,姚槐应,黄昌勇.植茶年龄对茶园土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):84-87.
[84]Pankhurst C E.Defining and assessing soil health and sustainable productivity,Biological indicators of soil health[C].New York,CAB International.1997,1-324.
[85]关松荫等,土壤酶学研究方法[M].北京,农业出版社.1986,220-249
[86]Bergstrom D W,Monreal C M,Tomlin A D,et al.Interpretation of soil enzyme activities in a comparison of tillage practices along a topographic and textural gradient[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2000,80:71-79.
[87]李洪文,陈君达,高焕文.旱地农业三种耕作措施的对比研究,干旱地区农业研究[J].1997,15(1):7-11.
[88]Domzal H, Slowinska-Jurkiewica A. Effects of tillage and weather conditions on structure and Physical properties of soil and yield of winter wheat[J].Soil and Tillage Research, 1987,(10):225-241.
[89]张志明,曹承绵,李荣华.不同耕法对草甸黑土酶活性的影响,中国土壤酶学研究文集[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1988,148-154.
[90]周礼恺,土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社.1987,192-193.
[91]籍增顺,张树梅,薛宗让等.旱地玉米免耕系统土壤养分研究[J].华北农学报,1998,13(3):62-67.
[92]李香真,曲秋皓.蒙古高原草原土壤微生物量碳氮特征[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1),97-104.
[93]姜培坤,周国模.侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤微生物量碳、氮的演变[J].水土保持学报,2006,17(1):112-127.
[94]唐国勇,黄道友,童成立等土壤氮素循环模型及其模拟研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2208-2212.
[95] Brookes P C,Landman A,Pruden G,Jenkinson D S.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil [J].Soil Biol. Boichem.,1985,17:837- 842.
[96] Jenkinson D S,Powlson D S.The effect of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil.V.A method for measuring soil biomass[J].Soil Biol. Biochem,1976,8:209- 213.
[97]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.11-13.
[98] Jenkinson D S.Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil[A].In:Wilson J R, et al.Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystem s[C].CAB International,1988,368-386.
[99]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:30–35.
[100]严昶升.土壤肥力研究法[M]:北京:农业出版社,1988,269-279.
[101]赵兰坡,姜岩.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法探讨[J].土壤通报,1986,17(3):138-141.
[102] Jenkinson D S.Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil[A].In:Wilson J R, et al.Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystem s[C].CAB International,1988,368-386.
[103]闵红.黄土丘陵区生态恢复过程土壤微生物及酶活性演变特征[D].西北农林科技大学学报,2007,6.
[104] Sparling G P. The soil biomass In : Vaughan D,Malcolm R E.Soil organic matter and biological activity [M].Martinus Ni jhoff/ Dr Jun k WPublishers:Netherlands ,1984:223-262.
[105]王继红,刘景双,于君宝,等.氮磷肥对黑土玉米农田生态系统土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].水土保持学,2004,18(1):35-38.
[106]孙利军,张仁陟,黄高宝.保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地地表土壤理化性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(6)207– 211.
[107]Anderson J P E, Domash K H. Quantities of plant nutrients in the microbial biomass of selected soils[J].Soil Science, 1980,130,211-216.
[108] Azam F, Yousaf M , Hussain F et al. Determination of biomass N in some agricultural soils of Punjab[J]. Pakistan Plant Soil, 1989,113:223-228.
[109] Zhou J B, Li S X. Relationships between soil microbial biomass C and N and mineralizable nitrogen in some arable soils on Loess Plateau[J].Pedosphere,1998,8(4):349-354.
[110]胡定宇.土壤学[M].陕西杨凌:天则出版社,1990.
[111]Macarty G W, Meisinger J J,Jenniskens F M M. Relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N in soil under different tillage and N fertilizer treatments.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27(10):1 245-1 250.
[112] Hernández-Hernández R M,Lopez-Hernández D.Microbial biomass,mineral nitrogen and carbon content in savanna soil aggregates under conventional and no-tillage.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002.34:1 563-1 570.
[113] Templer P,Findlay S,Lovett G.Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations among five tree species of the Catskill Mountains.New York,USA.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:607-613.
[114]DAVID C,MARK D,JOHN H.Soil respiration from four aggrading forested watersheds measured over a quarter century[J].For.ecol. manage., 2002,157:247-253.
[115]ANDERSON T H, DOMSCH K H. The metabolic quotient for CO2(qCO2)as a specific activity parameter to assess the effects of environ-mental conditions, such as pH on the microbial biomass of forest soils[J].Soil Biol.Biochem.,1993,25:393-395.
[116]李长生,肖向明,Frolking S,B MooreⅢ,wSalas,邱建军,张宇,庄亚辉,王效科,戴昭华,刘纪远,秦小光,廖柏寒, RSass.中国农田的温室气体排放.第四纪研究,23(5):493-503.
[117]宋明伟,李爱宗,蔡立群等.耕作方式对土壤有机碳库的影响[J].农业环境科学学报2008,27(2) :622-626.
[118]蒋平安,罗明.不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤微生物区系及熵值(qMB,qCO2).干早区地理.2006 ,29(l):115～119.
[119]Greg O. S Kennedy. A. Y.Effect of ammo nitrate and stabilized farm yard manureonmicrobial biomass and metablic quotient of soil under Zeamaysl. Agric. Mediterranea. 1989,128:132-137
[120]张崇邦,金则新,施时迪.天台山不同林型土壤微生物区系及其熵值(qMB,qCO2).生态学杂志2003,22(2) :28-31.
[121]高惠民农业土壤管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.37-42.
[122]王冬梅,王春枝,韩晓日等,长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2006, 37(2): 263-267.
[123]熊明彪,雷孝章,田应兵等.长期施肥对紫色土酶活的影响[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2003, 35(4):60-63,99.
[2]Unger P W.Tillage effects on surface soil physical conditions and sorghum emergence.Soil Sci.Am.1984,48:1423-1432.
[3]张志国,徐琪,R.L.Blevins.长期秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤某些理化性质及玉米产量的影响.土壤学报,1998,35(3):385-389.
[4]李昱,李问盈.冷凉风沙区机械化保护性耕作技术体系试验研究.中国农业大学学报,2004,9(3):16-20.
[5]Domzal H and Slowinska-Jurkiewica A.effects of tillage and weather conditions on structure and Physical properties of soil and yield of winter wheat .Soil & Tillage Research, 1987(10):225-241.
[6]吴敬民.秸秆还田效果及其在土壤培肥中的地位.土壤学报,1991,25(5):211-215.
[7]王笳,王树楼,丁玉川,等.旱地玉米免耕整秸秆覆盖土壤养分、结构和生物研究.山西农业科学,1994,22(3):17-19.
[8]刘世平,庄恒扬,陆建飞,等.免耕法对土壤结构影响的研究.土壤学报,1998.35(1):33-37.
[9]孙海国,雷浣群,植物残体对土壤结构性状的影响.生态农业研究,1998,6(3):39-41.
[10]王芸,韩宾,史忠强,等.保护性耕作对土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响.水土保持学报,2006,20(4):120-122,142.
[11]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册.北京:农业出版社,1986:26-227. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin Vol.24 No.2 2008 February http://www.casb.org.cn
[12]晋凡生,张宝林.免耕覆盖玉米秸秆对旱塬地土壤环境的影响.生态农业研究,2000,8(3):47-50.
[13]牛灵安,秦耀生,郝晋珉,等,曲周试区秸秆还田配施氮磷肥的效应研究.土壤肥料,1998(6):32-35.
[14]袁家福.麦田秸秆覆盖效应及增产作用.生态农业研究,1996,4(3):61-65.
[15]吴崇海,李振金,顾士领.高留麦茬的整体效应与配套技术的研究.干旱地区农业研究,1996,14(1),43-48.
[16]杨玉爱,微量元素研究及应用.湖北科技出版社,1986:297-306.
[17]林新荣,有机肥防治油菜缺硼效果的研究.浙江农业科学,1985,(2):88-91.
[18]T.E.Staley著,郎印海译,耕作方式对土壤微生物量影响的研究.水土保持科技情报,2001,(1):12-13.
[19]高云超,朱文珊,陈文新.秸秆覆盖免耕土壤微生物生物量与养分转化的研究.中国农业科学,1994,27(6):41-49.
[20]J.R.Salinas-Garcla.J.de J.Vela zquez-Garcla,M.Gallardo-Valdez, et al.Tillage effects on microbial biomass and nutrient distribution in soils under rain-fed corn production in central-western Mexico.Soil &tillage research.2002,66:143-152.
[21]Brookes P.C..The soil Microbial Biomass:Concept,Measurement and Applications in Soil EcosystemResearch[J].Microbes and Environments,2001,16:131-140
[22]Tu C.,Ristaino J.B.,Hu S.. Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farmingsystems-effects of organic inputs and straw mulching. Soil Biology and Biochemistry[J].2006,38:247-255
[23]Kalbitz K.,Solinger S.,Park J.H.,et al..Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:a review[J].Soil Sci.2000,165,277–304
[24]Zhou J.B.,Li S.X.,Chen Z J..Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Relationship to Uptake of Nitrogen byPlant[J].Pedosphere,2002,12(3):251-256
[25]仇少君,彭佩钦,刘强,等.土壤微生物生物量氮及其在氮素循环中作用[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(4):443-448
[26]Powlson D.S.,Brookes P.C..Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19:159-164
[27]Tu C., Louws F. J., Creamer N. G., et al.. Responses of soil microbial biomass and N availability to transition strategies from conventional to organic farming systems[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005,113:206-215
[28]于树,汪景宽,高艳梅.地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对土壤微生物量碳和氮的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(4):602-606
[29]张海燕,肖延华等.土壤微生物量作为土壤肥力指标的探讨[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):422-425
[30]俞慎,李勇等.土壤微生物量作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):413-422
[31]王小利,苏以荣,黄道友,等.土地利用对亚热带红壤低山区土壤有机碳和微生物碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):750-757
[32]Moore J. M., Klise S. ,Tabatabai M.A. .Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as affected by cropping systems[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2000,31:200-210
[33]王清奎,汪思龙,高洪等.杉木人工林土壤活性有机质变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1270-1274
[34]李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599
[35]殷士学.土壤微生物生物量及其与养分循环关系的研究进展[J].土壤学进展,1993,21(4):1-8
[36]何振立.土壤微生物量及其在养分循环和环境质量评价中的意义[J].土壤,1997,(2):61-69
[37]Bonde T. A., Schnurer J., Rosswall T..Microbial biomass as a fraction of potentially mineralizable nitrogen in soils from long-term field experiments[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1988,20:447–452
[38]Zhou J. B., Li S. X.. Relationships between soil microbial biomass C and N and mineralizable nitrogen in some arable soils on Loess Plateau[J].Pedosphere,1998,8(4):349-354
[39]Sakamoto K., Yoshida T., Satoch M. Comparison of carbon and nitrogen mineralization between fumigation and heating treatments[J].Soil Sci.Plant Nutr.,1992,38:133-140
[40]Ross D. J., Sparling G. P., Burkd C. M. Microbial biomass C and N in litter and mineral soil under pinus radiata on a coastal stand: Influence of stand age and harvest measurement[J].Plant and Soil,1995,175:167-177
[41]韩晓日,邹徳乙，郭鹏程，等．长期施肥条件下土壤生物量氮的动态及其调控氮素营养的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(1):16-22
[42]田育军,林杉,赵笃乐,等.长期不同施肥土壤微生物态氮作为土壤供氮指标的研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2000,35:24-28
[43]Ocio J. A.,Martinez J.,Brookes P.C.. Contribution of straw-derived N to total microbial biomass N following incorporation of cereal straw to soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1991,23:655-659
[44]Jensen E.S..Nitrogen immobilization and mineralization during initial decomposition of 15N-labelled pea and barley residues[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1997,24:39-44
[45]张娟,沈其荣,张亚丽,等.施用预处理稻秆的土壤供氮特征及对冬小麦氮吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):24-28
[46]卜玉山,苗果园,周乃健等.地膜和秸秆覆盖土壤肥力效应分析与比较[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(5):1069-1075
[47]Hatch D. J., Lovell R.D., Antil R. S. et al. .Nitrogen mineralization and microbial activity in permanent pastures amended with nitrogen fertilizer or dung[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2000,30:288-293
[48]Lovell R. D., Jarvis S .C. Effect of cattle dung on soil microbial biomass C and N in a permanent pasture soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28:291-299
[49]许月蓉.不同施肥条件下潮土中微生物量及其活性[J].土壤学报,1995,32(3):349-352
[50]杨劲峰,韩晓日,阴红彬等.不同施肥条件对玉米生长季耕层土壤微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(1):173-175
[51]Shen S. M., Hart P. B. S., Powlson D.S. et al. The nitrogen cycle in the broad balk wheat experiment:15N-labelled fertilizer residues in the soil and in the soil microbial biomass[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21:529-533
[52]张成娥,梁银丽.不同氮磷施肥量对玉米生育期土壤微生物量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(2):72-74
[53]蔡晓布.不同培肥方式对西藏中部退化土壤的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):12-15
[54]Lovell R. D., Jarvis S. C., Bardgett R. D. Soil microbial biomass and activity in long-term grassland effects of management changes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27:969-975
[55]王岩,沈其荣,史瑞和.有机、无机肥料使用后土壤生物量C、N、P的变化及N素转化[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):227-234
[56]温晓霞,韩思明.旱作小麦地膜覆盖生态效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(2):93-95
[57]陈锡时,郭树凡,汪景宽等.地膜覆盖栽培对土壤微生物种群和生物活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(4):435-43
[58]张成娥.地膜覆盖玉米对土壤微生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):508-512
[59]李世清,李东方.半干旱农田生态系统地膜覆盖的土壤生态效应[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2003,31(5):21-29
[60]Acosta-Martinez V., Mikha M. M., Vigil M. F. Microbial communities and enzyme activities in soils under alternative crop rotations compared to wheat–fallow for the Central Great Plains[J].Applied soil ecology,2007,37:41–52
[61]Doran J. W., Elliott E. T., Paustian K. Soil microbial activity, nitrogen cycling, and long-term changes in organic carbon pools as related to fallow tillage management[J].Soil&Tillage Research 1998,49:3-18
[62]Devi N. B., Yadava P. S. Seasonal dynamics in soil microbial biomass C,N and P in a mixed-oak forest ecosystem of Manipur, North-east India[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006,31:220–227
[63]Lynch J. M., Panting L. M. Effects of season, cultivation and nitrogen fertilizer on the size of the soil microbial biomass[J]. J. Sci. Food Agric,1982,23,249–252
[64]Santruckova H. .Microbial biomass, activity and soil respiration in relation to secondary succession[J].Pedobiologia,1992,36,341–350
[65]Barbhuiya A. R. Arunachalam A. , Pandey H. N., et al. .Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C,N and P in disturbedand undisturbed stands of a tropical wet-evergreen forest[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2004,40:113–121
[66]孙波,赵其国,张桃林,俞慎.土壤质量与持续环境.III:土壤质量评价的生物学指标[J].土壤,1997,29(5):225—234.
[67]唐玉姝,魏朝富,颜廷梅,等.土壤质量生物学指标研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):157-163.
[68]王新,周启星.重金属与土壤微生物的相互作用及污染土壤修复[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(11):l-5.
[69]龙健,黄吕勇,滕应,姚槐应.矿区重金属污染对土壤环境质量微生物学指标的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(1):60-63.
[70]Mendes C, Bandick A K, Dick R P, Bottomley P J. Microbial biomass and activities in soil aggregates by winter cover crops[J].Soil Sci Soc A m J.1999,63:873-881.
[71]黄承才,葛洼,常杰.中亚热带东部三种主要木本群落土壤呼吸的研究.生态学报.1999,19(3) :324-328
[72]陈四清等.内蒙古锡林河流域大针茅草原土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的CO2排放速率研究.植物学报.1999,41(6) ::645-650
[73]李凌浩,陈佐忠.草地群落的土壤呼吸.生态学杂志.1998,17(4):45-51
[74]0omes M J M, Kuikman P J, JaJacobs F H. Nitrogen availability and uptake by grassland in mesocosms at two water levels and two water qualities[J].Plant and soi1 , 1997 ,192(2):249-259
[75]Keith H Jacobsen K L Raison R J. Effects of soil phosphorus availability temperature and moisture on soi[J].Soil,1997,190(1):127-141
[76]杨靖春,倪平,祖元刚等.东北羊草草原土壤微生物呼吸速率的研究.生态学报.1989,9:139-143
[77]Tesarova M, GloserJ. Total CO2 output from alluvial soil with two types of grassland communities. Pedobiologia.1976,16:364-372
[78]Calderson F J,Jackson L E,et al. Microbial response to simulated tillage in cultivated and uncultivated soils[J]. soil Biology and Biochemistry.2000,32:1547-1559
[79]Odum E. Trends expected in stressed ecosystems.Bioscience.1985,35:419-422
[80]AndersonT H and DomschK.H.. APPlication of eco-Physiological quotients (qCO2 and qD)on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biol Biochem,1990,22:251-255
[81]薛楚,翟胜,王国梁.侵蚀环境小流域生态经济系统健康定量评价.2006,26:2219-2228
[82]Andrews J H,Harris,F.r-and k-selection and microbial ecology.Adv.Microb.Ecol.,1986,9:99
[83]薛东,姚槐应,黄昌勇.植茶年龄对茶园土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):84-87.
[84]Pankhurst C E.Defining and assessing soil health and sustainable productivity,Biological indicators of soil health[C].New York,CAB International.1997,1-324.
[85]关松荫等,土壤酶学研究方法[M].北京,农业出版社.1986,220-249
[86]Bergstrom D W,Monreal C M,Tomlin A D,et al.Interpretation of soil enzyme activities in a comparison of tillage practices along a topographic and textural gradient[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2000,80:71-79.
[87]李洪文,陈君达,高焕文.旱地农业三种耕作措施的对比研究,干旱地区农业研究[J].1997,15(1):7-11.
[88]Domzal H, Slowinska-Jurkiewica A. Effects of tillage and weather conditions on structure and Physical properties of soil and yield of winter wheat[J].Soil and Tillage Research, 1987,(10):225-241.
[89]张志明,曹承绵,李荣华.不同耕法对草甸黑土酶活性的影响,中国土壤酶学研究文集[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1988,148-154.
[90]周礼恺,土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社.1987,192-193.
[91]籍增顺,张树梅,薛宗让等.旱地玉米免耕系统土壤养分研究[J].华北农学报,1998,13(3):62-67.
[92]李香真,曲秋皓.蒙古高原草原土壤微生物量碳氮特征[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1),97-104.
[93]姜培坤,周国模.侵蚀型红壤植被恢复后土壤微生物量碳、氮的演变[J].水土保持学报,2006,17(1):112-127.
[94]唐国勇,黄道友,童成立等土壤氮素循环模型及其模拟研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2208-2212.
[95] Brookes P C,Landman A,Pruden G,Jenkinson D S.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil [J].Soil Biol. Boichem.,1985,17:837- 842.
[96] Jenkinson D S,Powlson D S.The effect of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil.V.A method for measuring soil biomass[J].Soil Biol. Biochem,1976,8:209- 213.
[97]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.11-13.
[98] Jenkinson D S.Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil[A].In:Wilson J R, et al.Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystem s[C].CAB International,1988,368-386.
[99]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:30–35.
[100]严昶升.土壤肥力研究法[M]:北京:农业出版社,1988,269-279.
[101]赵兰坡,姜岩.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法探讨[J].土壤通报,1986,17(3):138-141.
[102] Jenkinson D S.Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil[A].In:Wilson J R, et al.Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystem s[C].CAB International,1988,368-386.
[103]闵红.黄土丘陵区生态恢复过程土壤微生物及酶活性演变特征[D].西北农林科技大学学报,2007,6.
[104] Sparling G P. The soil biomass In : Vaughan D,Malcolm R E.Soil organic matter and biological activity [M].Martinus Ni jhoff/ Dr Jun k WPublishers:Netherlands ,1984:223-262.
[105]王继红,刘景双,于君宝,等.氮磷肥对黑土玉米农田生态系统土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].水土保持学,2004,18(1):35-38.
[106]孙利军,张仁陟,黄高宝.保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地地表土壤理化性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(6)207– 211.
[107]Anderson J P E, Domash K H. Quantities of plant nutrients in the microbial biomass of selected soils[J].Soil Science, 1980,130,211-216.
[108] Azam F, Yousaf M , Hussain F et al. Determination of biomass N in some agricultural soils of Punjab[J]. Pakistan Plant Soil, 1989,113:223-228.
[109] Zhou J B, Li S X. Relationships between soil microbial biomass C and N and mineralizable nitrogen in some arable soils on Loess Plateau[J].Pedosphere,1998,8(4):349-354.
[110]胡定宇.土壤学[M].陕西杨凌:天则出版社,1990.
[111]Macarty G W, Meisinger J J,Jenniskens F M M. Relationships between total-N, biomass-N and active-N in soil under different tillage and N fertilizer treatments.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27(10):1 245-1 250.
[112] Hernández-Hernández R M,Lopez-Hernández D.Microbial biomass,mineral nitrogen and carbon content in savanna soil aggregates under conventional and no-tillage.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002.34:1 563-1 570.
[113] Templer P,Findlay S,Lovett G.Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations among five tree species of the Catskill Mountains.New York,USA.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:607-613.
[114]DAVID C,MARK D,JOHN H.Soil respiration from four aggrading forested watersheds measured over a quarter century[J].For.ecol. manage., 2002,157:247-253.
[115]ANDERSON T H, DOMSCH K H. The metabolic quotient for CO2(qCO2)as a specific activity parameter to assess the effects of environ-mental conditions, such as pH on the microbial biomass of forest soils[J].Soil Biol.Biochem.,1993,25:393-395.
[116]李长生,肖向明,Frolking S,B MooreⅢ,wSalas,邱建军,张宇,庄亚辉,王效科,戴昭华,刘纪远,秦小光,廖柏寒, RSass.中国农田的温室气体排放.第四纪研究,23(5):493-503.
[117]宋明伟,李爱宗,蔡立群等.耕作方式对土壤有机碳库的影响[J].农业环境科学学报2008,27(2) :622-626.
[118]蒋平安,罗明.不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤微生物区系及熵值(qMB,qCO2).干早区地理.2006 ,29(l):115～119.
[119]Greg O. S Kennedy. A. Y.Effect of ammo nitrate and stabilized farm yard manureonmicrobial biomass and metablic quotient of soil under Zeamaysl. Agric. Mediterranea. 1989,128:132-137
[120]张崇邦,金则新,施时迪.天台山不同林型土壤微生物区系及其熵值(qMB,qCO2).生态学杂志2003,22(2) :28-31.
[121]高惠民农业土壤管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.37-42.
[122]王冬梅,王春枝,韩晓日等,长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2006, 37(2): 263-267.
[123]熊明彪,雷孝章,田应兵等.长期施肥对紫色土酶活的影响[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2003, 35(4):60-63,99.