白果七化学成分研究
|
摘要
白果七系忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)莛子藨(Triosteum)属植物莛子藨(Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim.),主产我国西南部、西北部和东北部,民间主要用其治疗风湿腰腿痛、跌打损伤等症,但国内对于其有效化学成份的研究却未见报道。本研究的目的是了解国产白果七的植物化学成分,为其植物化学资源的开发和利用奠定理论基础。
本文介绍了忍冬科莛子藨属植物的生物学特性及其分布,并总结了忍冬科植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展。
化学成分的系统预试结果表明:白果七全草中含有酚性成分、黄酮及其苷类、甾体、萜类成分、糖及其苷类、鞣质、香豆素、有机酸和挥发油等;不含强心苷、生物碱、氰苷。
本试验通过硅胶柱色谱(CC),大孔吸附树脂柱色谱(D101),葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱(Sephadex LH-20),重结晶等手段从白果七全草的甲醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,利用MS, UV, IR, NMR等现代波谱分析技术并结合文献资料鉴定了其中6个化合物的结构。它们分别是两个香豆素类化合物:嗪皮啶(fraxidin) (TZB-6),东莨菪内酯(scopoletin) (TZB-7);一个黄酮化合物:华良姜素(kumatakenin) ( TZB-3);三个三萜类化合物:乌苏酸(ursolic acid) (TZB-8), 3β-O-乙酰乌苏酸(3β-O-acetylursolic acid)(TZB-9), hederagonic acid(TZB-10).
Baiguoqi is Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim., belonging to family Caprifoliaceae, Triosteum Linn which located in the southwest, northwest and northeast of China. It has been used as a kind of Chinese traditional herbal medicine applied to rheumatic lumbocrural pain and bruises, but it was weak on chemical study. The researches on its chemical constituents have rarely been reported. The purpose of this research is to show the values of this plant and to give some references for the systematic classification. Based on the theories and principles of phytochemistry, the chemical constituents of Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim. from Taibai Mountain was studied.
In present paper, the biological characteristics, distribution of Triosteum of Caprifoliaceae and the researches on its phytochemical components and pharmacological activities were reviewed briefly.
The systematical pretest on chemical constituents in Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim. showed that the plant contained phenolic constituents, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saccharides, tannins, coumarins, organic acid and benzin, and did not cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and cyanophoric glycosides.
Next, eight compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of Baiguoqi, through methods of silica gel column chromatography, macroporous adsorption resin (D101), column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization. Of which six compounds were identified as fraxidin (TZB-6), scopoletin (TZB-7), kumatakenin (TZB-3), ursolic acid (TZB-8), 3β-O-acetylursolic acid (TZB-9) and hederagonic acid (TZB-10) by spectroscopic analysis containing MS, UV, IR, NMR as well as comparasion with the related literatural data.
本文介绍了忍冬科莛子藨属植物的生物学特性及其分布,并总结了忍冬科植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展。
化学成分的系统预试结果表明:白果七全草中含有酚性成分、黄酮及其苷类、甾体、萜类成分、糖及其苷类、鞣质、香豆素、有机酸和挥发油等;不含强心苷、生物碱、氰苷。
本试验通过硅胶柱色谱(CC),大孔吸附树脂柱色谱(D101),葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱(Sephadex LH-20),重结晶等手段从白果七全草的甲醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,利用MS, UV, IR, NMR等现代波谱分析技术并结合文献资料鉴定了其中6个化合物的结构。它们分别是两个香豆素类化合物:嗪皮啶(fraxidin) (TZB-6),东莨菪内酯(scopoletin) (TZB-7);一个黄酮化合物:华良姜素(kumatakenin) ( TZB-3);三个三萜类化合物:乌苏酸(ursolic acid) (TZB-8), 3β-O-乙酰乌苏酸(3β-O-acetylursolic acid)(TZB-9), hederagonic acid(TZB-10).
Baiguoqi is Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim., belonging to family Caprifoliaceae, Triosteum Linn which located in the southwest, northwest and northeast of China. It has been used as a kind of Chinese traditional herbal medicine applied to rheumatic lumbocrural pain and bruises, but it was weak on chemical study. The researches on its chemical constituents have rarely been reported. The purpose of this research is to show the values of this plant and to give some references for the systematic classification. Based on the theories and principles of phytochemistry, the chemical constituents of Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim. from Taibai Mountain was studied.
In present paper, the biological characteristics, distribution of Triosteum of Caprifoliaceae and the researches on its phytochemical components and pharmacological activities were reviewed briefly.
The systematical pretest on chemical constituents in Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim. showed that the plant contained phenolic constituents, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saccharides, tannins, coumarins, organic acid and benzin, and did not cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and cyanophoric glycosides.
Next, eight compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of Baiguoqi, through methods of silica gel column chromatography, macroporous adsorption resin (D101), column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization. Of which six compounds were identified as fraxidin (TZB-6), scopoletin (TZB-7), kumatakenin (TZB-3), ursolic acid (TZB-8), 3β-O-acetylursolic acid (TZB-9) and hederagonic acid (TZB-10) by spectroscopic analysis containing MS, UV, IR, NMR as well as comparasion with the related literatural data.
引文
陈敏,吴威巍,沈国强,罗思齐,李惠庭.1994.灰毡毛忍冬化学成分研究V,灰毡毛忍冬素F和G的结构测定.药学学报,29: 617-620.
马俊利,李宁,李铣.2009.忍冬叶中的一个新双黄酮苷.中国药物化学杂志,1(19): 63-64.
宋立人.1999.中华本草,上海科学技术出版社.7: 548.
汤丹,李会军,李萍,赵师艳,毕志明.2008.黄褐毛忍冬中主皂有成分的结构解析.高等学校化学学报,29: 551-553.
汤彦承,李良千.1994.忍冬科狭义植物地理及其对认识东亚植物区系的意义.植物分类学报, 32(3): 197-218.
王俊儒.2003.天然产物提取分离与鉴定技术.西北农林科技大学讲义, 42-48.
曾令杰,邢俊波,李萍.2000.忍冬科的植物化学分类学研究的初探.中国中药杂志,3 (3): 184-186.
Abdallah O M, Ibraheim Z Z. 1995. Viburnine A macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid from Viburnum rhytidophyllum. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18(1): 39-43.
Abrosca B D, Greea M D, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Previtera L, Simonet A M, Zarrelli A. 2001. Potential allelochemicals from Sambucus nigra. Phytochemistry, 58: 1073-1081.
Aimi N, Sakai S I, Haginiwa J. 1993. Kinginoside, A new acyl group carrying iridoid bioside from Lonicera morrowii. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 41: 1882-1884.
Altun M L, ?ito?lu G S, Yilmaz B S, ?oban T. 2008. Antioxidant properties of Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana growing in turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 59(3), 175-180.
Barton D H R, De Mayo P. 1954. Triterpenoids. Part XV. The constitution of icterogenin, a physiologically active triterpenoid. Journal of the Chemical Society, 4: 887-900.
Brown R T, Dauda B E N, Kandasamy M, Santos C A M. 1991. Lonitiside: A novel monoterpenoid diglycoside from Lonicera nitida. Journal of Chemistry, Perkin Translation I, 6: 1539-1542.
?ali? ?, Yürüker A, Rüegger H, Wright A D, Sticher O. 1993. A new acyclic monoterpene glycoside from Viburnum orientale. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 76(7): 2563-2569.
?ali? ?, Yürüker A, Rüegger H, Wright A D, Sticher O. 1993. Five novel acyclic monoterpene glylcosides from Viburnum orientale. Sticher. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 76(1): 416-424.
?ali? ?, Yürüker A, Rüegger H, Wright A D, Sticher O. 1995. Lantanoside, a monocyclic C10 iridoid glucoside from Viburnum lantana. Phytochemistry, 38(1): 163-165.
Chen Y, Feng X, Wang M, Jia X D, Zhao Y Y, Dong Y F. 2009. Triterpene glycosides from Lonicera. II. Isolation and structural determination of glycosides from flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45(4): 514-518 .
Cheung H T, Wong C S. 1972. Structures of triterpenes from Dryobalanops aromatica. Phytochemistry, 11(5): 1771-1780.
Duh C Y, El-Gamal A A H, Wang S K. 2003. Vibsanin O, a novel diterpenoid from Viburnum awabuki . Tetrahedron letters. 44: 9321-9322.
El-Gamal A A H, 2008. Cytotoxic lupane-, secolupane-, and oleanane-type triterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Natural Product Research, 22(3): 191-197.
El-Gamal A A H, Wang S K, Duh C Y. 2004. New diterpenoids from Viburnum awabuki . Journal of natural products.67: 333-336.
Flamini G, Braea A, Cioni P L, Morelli I. 1997. Three new flavonoids and other constituents from Lonicea implexa. Journal of natural products,60: 449-452.
Fujio M, Tagawa M, Matsuda S. 1985. Abeliosides A and B, secoiridoid glucosides from Abelia grandiflora. Phytochemistry, 24(10): 23-29.
Fukuyama H, Nakahara M, Minami H, Kodama M. 1996. Two new benzofuran-type lignans from the wood of Viburnum awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 44(7): 1418-1420.
Fukuyama Y, Fujii H, Minami H, Takahashi H, Kubo M. 2006. Neovibsanin F and its congeners, rearranged vibsanin-type diterpenes from Viburnum suspensum. Journal of natural products, 69: 1098-1100.
Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Fujii T, Matsuo A, Minoshima Y, Minami H, Morisaki M. 2002.Structures of furanovibsanins A–G from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron, 58(50): 10033-10041.
Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Minami H, Yuaso H, Matsuo A, Fujii T, Morisaki M, Harada K. 2005. Rearranged vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki and photochemical reaction of Vibsanin B. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 53(1): 72-80.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Fujii H, Tajima M. 2002. Triterpenoids from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 60(8): 765-768.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Ichikawa R, Takeuchi K, Kodama M. 1996. Hydroperoxylated guaiane-type sesquiterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Phytochemistry, 42(3): 741-746.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Kagawa M, Kodama M, Kawazu K. 1999. Chemical conversion of vibsanin C to vibsanin E and structure of 3-hydroxyvibsanin E from Viburnum awabuki. Journal of natural products, 62: 337-339.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Matsuo A, Kitamura K, Akizuki M, Kubo M, Kodama M. 2002.
Seven-membered vibsane-type diterpenes with a 5,10-cis Relationship from Viburnum awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 50: 368-371.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Takeuchi K, Kodama M, Kawazu K. 1996. Neovibsanines A and B, unprecedented diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Letter, 37(37): 6767-6770.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Yamamoto I, Kodama M, Kawazu K. 1998. Neovibsanins H and I, novel diterpenes from Viburnum Awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 46: 545-547.
Fukuyama Y, Minoshima Y, Kishimoto Y, Chen I S, Takahashi H, Esumi T. 2004. Iridoid glucosides and p-coumaroyl iridoids from Viburnum luzonicum and their cytotoxicity. Journal of Natural Products, 67(11): 1833-1838.
Fukuyama Y, Minoshima Y, Kishimoto Y, Chen I S, Takahashi H, Esumi T. 2005. Cytotoxic Iridoid Aldehydes from Taiwanese Viburnum luzonicum. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 53(1): 125-127.
Fukuyama Y, Morisaki M, Minoshima Y, Minami H, Takahashi H, Asakawa Y. 2004. Cyclovibsanins, unprecedented seven-membered vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Letters in Organic Chemistry, 1: 189-193.
Hajime O, Koichi K. 1976. Chavicol, as a larva-growth inhibitor, from Viburnum japonicum Spreng. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 40(11): 2283-2287.
Hase T, Iwagawa T, Dave M N. 1985. Three iridoid glycosides from Viburnum furcatum. Phytochemistry, 24(6): 1323-1327.
Hase T, Iwagawa T, Munesada K. 1982. A bitter monoterpene glucoside from Viburnum phlebotrichum. Phytochemistry, 21(6): 1435-1437.
Hase T, Iwagawa T. 1982. The revised structure of furcatin, a component of leaves of Viburnum furcatum Blume. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 55(11): 3663-3664.
Hase T, Takao H, Iwagawa T. 1983. The bitter iridoids from Viburnum urceolatum. Phytochemistry, 22(9): 1977-1982 .
Hermans L A, Verporte R. 1987. Purification of secologanin from Lonicera tartarica extracts using RLCC. Planta Medica, 53(6): 546-548.
Houghton P J, Lian L M. 1986. Triterpenoids from Desfontainia spinosa. Phytochemistry, 25(8): 1935-1944.
Ivanov V D, Komissarenko N F, Ladygina E Y. 1983. Viburnum opulus bark iridoids. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 19(2): 237-238.
Iwagawa T, Hase T, Abe M, Higashi S. 1983. Flavonoid glycosides of the leaves of Viburnum furcatum Blume. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo, 16: 87-91.
Iwagawa T, Hase T. 1983. A bitter monoterpene diglycoside from viburnum urceolatum. Phytochemistry, 22(1): 255-258.
Iwagawa T, Hase T. 1984. A spiro-bis-γ-lactone glucoside from viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 23(10): 2299-2301.
Iwagawa T, Hase T. 1986. An iridoid acetylalloside from viburnum japonicum. Phytochemistry, 25(5): 1227-1229.
Iwagawa T, Hase T.1984. A coumarin acetylglucoside from viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 23(2): 467-468.
Iwagawa T, Omagari Y, Ueno C, Hase T. 1982. Constituents of the leaves of Viburnum urceolatum. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo, 15: 63-68.
Iwagawa T, Takahashi H, Munesada K, Hase T. 1984. A phenol alloside from viburnum wrightii. Phytochemistry, 23(2): 468-469.
Iwagawa T, Tanoue C, Toyota T, Hase T. 1982. Constituents of the leaves of Vibrnum phlebotrichum. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo, 15: 57-62.
Iwagawa T, Yaguchi S, Hase T, Okubo T, Kim M. 1992. Gomojosides, labdane diterpenoids from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 31: 1311-1315.
Iwagawa T, Yaguchi S, Hase T, Okubo T, Kim M. 1993. Diterpene glucosides from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 32: 1515-1518.
Iwai K, Kim M Y, Onodera A, Mateue H. 2006.α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Polyphenols in the Fruit of Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 4588-4592.
Jensen S R, Nielsen B J, Norn V. 1985. Iridoids from Viburnum betulifolium. Phytochemistry, 24(3): 487-489.
Jo?o M J V, Artur M S S, JoséA S C. 1998. Chromones and flavanones from artemisia campestris subsp. Maritima. Phytochemistry, 49(5): 1421-1424.
Johns S R, Lamberton J A, Morton T C, Suares H, Willing R I. 1983. Triterpenes of Lantana tiliaefolia. 24-Hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid, a new triterpene. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 36(12): 2537-2547.
Kagawa M, Minami H, Nakahara M, Takahashi H, Takaoka S, Fukuyama Y. 1998. Oleanane-type triterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Phytochemistry, 47: 1337-1341.
Kakuda R, Imai M, Yaoita Y, Maehida K, Kikuehi M. 2000. Secoiridoid glycosides from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Phytochemistry, 55: 879-881.
Kawazu K. 1980. Isolation of vibsanines A, B, C, D, E and F from Viburnum odoratissimum. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 44(6): 1367-1372.
Kikuchi M, Kawarada N, Yaoita Y. 1999. Studies on the constituents of lonicera species. XIII. New fernane type triterpenoides from the leaves of Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 47: 663-666.
Kikuchi M, Matsuda N, Takeshi S. 1995. Flavonoid glycosides from leaves of Viburnum awabuki. Natural Medicines, 49(2): 219-221.
Kikuchi M, Matsuda N. 1996. Flavone glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa. Journal of natural products, 59: 314-315.
Kim M Y, Iwai K, Onodera A, Matsue H. 2003. Identification and antiradical properties of anthocyanins in fruits of Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(21): 6173-6177.
Kita M, Kigoshi H, Uemura D. 2001. Isolation and structure of korolkoside, A bis-iridoid glucoside from Lonicera korolkovii. Journal of natural products, 64: 1090-1092.
Koichi M, Hitomi S, Rie O, Kikuchi M. 2010. Three new glycosides from Viburnum plicatum THUNB. var. tomentosum MIQ. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 93: 290-297.
Ku Y L, Rao G V, Chen C H, Wu C, Guh J H, Lee S S. 2003. A novel secobetulinic acid 3,4-lactone from Viburnum aboricolum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 86(3): 697-702.
Kubo M, Chen I S, Fukuyama Y. 2001. Vibsane-type diterpenes from Taiwanese Viburnum odoratissimum. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 49: 242-245.
Kubo M, Chen I S, Minami H, Fukuyama Y. 1999. Aldovibsanins, enol ester free vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum Odoratissimum. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 47: 295-296.
Kubo M, Fujii T, Hioki H, Tanaka M, Kawazu K, Fukuyama Y. 2001. Spirovibsanin A, an unprecedented vibsane-type 18-norditerpene from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Letter, 42(6): 1081-1083.
Kubo M, Kishimoto Y, Harada K, Hioki H, Fukuyama Y. 2010. Ngf-potentiating vibsane-type diterpenoids from Viburnum sieboldii. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 20: 2566-2571.
Kubo M, Minami H, Hayashi E, Kodama M, Kawazu K, Fukuyama Y. 1999. Neovibsanin C, a macrocyclic peroxide-containing neovibsane-type diterpene from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Letter, 40(34): 6261-6265.
Kumar N, Singh B, Bhandari P, GuPta A P, Uniyal S K, Kaul V K. 2005. Biflavonoids from Lonicera japoniea. Phytochemistry, 66: 2740-2744.
Kumar S, Sati O P, Semwal V D, Nautiyal M, Sati S, Takeda Y. 2000. Iridoid glycosides from Lonicera quinquelocularis. Phytochemistry, 53: 499-501.
Kuroyanagi M, Shiotsu M, Ebihara T, Kawai H, Ueno A, Fukushima S. 1986. Chemical studies on Viburnum awabuki K.KOCH. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 34(10): 4012-4017.
Kwak W J, Han C K, Chang H W, Ki H P, Kang S S, Son K H. 2003. Loniceroside C, an anti-inflammatory saponin from Lonicera japonica. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 51: 333-335.
Lee E J, Kim J S, Kim H P, Lee J H, Kang S S. 2010. Phenolic constituents from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica and their 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. Food Chemistry,120: 134-139 .
Lee J S, Kim H J, Woo E R, Park Y W, Lee Y S, Lee H P. 2001. 7-Feruloylloganin: An iridoid glucoside from stems of Lonicera insularis. Planta Medica, 67: 99-102.
Luo J G, Liu J, Kong L Y. 2008. New pentacyclic triterpenes from Gypsophila oldhamiana and their biological evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 5(5):751-757.
Luo Y J, Li H J, Li P, Zhang L. 2009. A new triterpenoid saponin from flower buds of Lonicera dasystyla. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 7(6): 405-408.
Machida K, Asano J, Kikuchi M. 1995. Caeruleosides A and B, bis- iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea. Phytocheraistry, 39: 111-114.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1992. Constituents of viburnum species. VII. Polyhydric alcohol glycosides from the leaves of Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Annual Report of the Tohoku College of Pharmacy, 39: 61-67.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1992. Phenolic compounds from Viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 31(10): 3654-3656.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1994. Studies on the constituents of viburnum Species. VIII.γ-Lactone glycosides from the leaves of Viburnum wrightii MIQ. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 42(7): 1388-1392.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1994. The components of viburnum species. IX. On the components of the leaves of Viburnum wrightii MIQ. Annual Report of the Tohoku College of Pharmacy, 41: 101-105.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1995. An iridoid glucoside from Lonicera caeruea. Phytochemistry, 40: 603-604.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1997. Studies on the constituents of Viburnum species. XVII. New dammarane-type triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 45: 1589-1592.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1997. Studies on the constituents of viburnum species. XVIII. viburnols : Six new triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 45: 1928-1931.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1999. Studies on the constituents of viburnum Species. XIX. Six new triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 47(5): 692-694.
Machida K, Nakano Y, Kikuchi M. 1991. Phenolic glycosides from Viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 30(6): 2013-2014.
Machida K, Sasaki H, Iijima T, Kikuchi M. 2002. Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species. XVII. New iridoid glycosides of the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 50: 1041-1044.
Machida K, Takano M, Kakuda R, Yaoita Y, Kikuchi M. 2002. A new lignan glycoside from the leaves of Sambucus sieboldiana MIQ. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 50: 669-671.
Mahato S B, Kundu A P. 1994. 13C NMR spectra of pentacyclic triterpenoids—a compilation and some salient features. Phytochemistry, 37(6): 1517-1575.
Matsuda N, Isawa K, Kikuchi M. 1997. Megastigmane glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa. Phytochemistry, 45: 777-779.
Matsuda N, Kikuchi M. 1995. A coumarin glycoside from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa. Phytochemistry, 38: 803-804.
Matsuda N, Kikuchi M. 1995. Studies on the constituents of lonicea species. VII. Three new polyhydric alcohol glycosides from the leaves of Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim.. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 43: 1049-1051.
Matsuda N, Kikuchi M. 1996. Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species. X. Neolignan glycosides from the leaves of Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim.. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 44: 1676-1679.
Matsuda N, Sato H, Yaoita Y, Kikuchi M. 1996. Isolation and absolute structures of the neolignan glycosides with the enantimetric aglycones from the leaves of Viburnum awabuki K. KOCH. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 44(5): 1122-1123.
Minami H, Anzaki S, Kubo M, Kodama M, Kawazu K, Fukuyama Y. 1998. Structures of new seven-membered ring vibsane-type diterpenes isolated from leaves of Viburnum awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.46: 1194-1198.
Mohamed M A, Marzouk M S A, Moharram F A, El-Sayed M M, Baiuomy A R. 2005. Phytochemical constituents and hepatoprotective activity of Viburnum tinus. Phytochemistry, 66(23): 2780-2786.
Muller J. 1981. Fossil pollen records of extant Angiosperme. Botony Review, 47(4):1.
Nobuji N, Hiroe K, Junko H, Mayumi O, Osamu I, Itaru T. 1995. Acylated anthocyanins from fruits of Sambucus Canadensis. Phytochemistry, 38: 755-757.
Parveen M, Khan M S, Shafiullah, Ilyas M. 1998. Luteolin 3′-xylosyl(1→2) glucoside from Viburnum grandifolium. Phytochemistry, 49(8): 2535-2538.
Pharkphoom P, Hiroshi N, Wanchai D E, Ushio S. 1995. Naphthoquinones and coumarins from Impatiens balsamina root cultures. Phytochemistry, 40(4): 1141-1143.
Sadavongvivad C, Supavilai P. Three monohydroxycoumarins from Alyxia lucida. 1977. Phytochemistry, 16(9): 1451.
Shen Y C, Lin C L, Chien S C, Khalil A T, Ko C L, Wang C H. 2004. Iridoid glucosides and p-coumaroyl iridoids from Viburnum luzonicum and their cytotoxicity. Journal of natural products, 67: 74-77.
Shen Y C, Prakash C V S, Wang L T, Chien C T, Hung M C. 2002, New vibsane diterpenes and lupane triterpenes from Viburnum odoratissimum. Journal of natural products, 65(7): 1052-1055.
Song W X, Li S, Wang S J, Wu Y, Zi J C, Gan M L, Zhang Y L, Liu M T, Lin S, Yang Y C, Shi J G. 2008. Pyridinium alkaloid-coupled secoiridoids from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Journal of natural products, 71: 922-925.
Takido M, Fukuhara K, Yamanouchi S, Takahashi S. 1983. Phlebotrichin, a phenolic compound from the fresh leaves of Viburnum phlebotrichum. Phytochemistry, 22(1): 223-225.
Talapatra S K, Sarkar A C, Talapatra B. 1981. Two pentacyclic triterpenes from Rubia cordifolia. Phytochemistry, 20(8): 1923-1927.
Tetsuo I, Yaguchi S, Hase T. 1994. Iridoid glycosides from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 35(5): 1369-1370.
Tkachev A V, Denisov A Y. 1994. Oxidative decarboxylation by hydrogen peroxide and a mercury (II) salt: A simple route to nor-derivatives of acetyloleanolic, acetylursolic and dehydroabietic acids. Tetrahedron, 50(8): 2591-2598.
Tomassini L, Brkic D, Foddai S, Nicoletti M. 1997. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum rhytidophyllum. Phytochemistry, 44(4): 751-753.
Tomassini L, Brkic D. 1997. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum lantana discolor. Planta Medica, 63(5): 485-486.
Tomassini L, Cometa M F, Foddai S, Nicoletti M. 1995. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum tinus. Phytochemistry, 38(2): 423-425.
Tomassini L, Cometa M F, Foddai S, Nicoletti M. 1999. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum prunifolium. Planta Medica, 65(2): 195.
Tomassini L, Dejan B, Sebastiano F. 1997. Iridoid glycosides form Viburnum Rythidophyllum. Phytochemisrty, 44(4): 751-753.
Tomassini L, Foddai S, Nicoletti M, Cometa M F, Palazzino G, Galeffi C. 1997. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum ayavacense. Phytochemistry, 46(5): 901-905.
Tomassini L, Francesca M, Serafini M, Nicoletti M. 1995. Isolation of secoiridoid artifacts from Lonicera japonica. Journal of natural products, 58: 1756-1758.
Tsukamoto H, Hisada S, Nishibe S, Roux D G, Rourke J P. 1984. Coumarins from Olea africana and Olea capensis. Phytochemistry, 23(3): 699-670.
Tsukamoto H, Hisada S, Nishibe S. 1985. Coumarins from bark of Fraxinus japonica and F. mandshurica var. japonica. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 33(9): 4069-4073.
Valerio P, Stefan S, Ernst P E, Hermann S. 2009. Iridoid glycosides from the leaves of Sambucus ebulus. Journal of natural products, 72: 1798–1800.
Valesi A G, Rodriguez E, Velde G V, Mabry T J. 1972. Methylated flavonols in Larrea cuneifolia. Phytochemistry, 11(9): 2821-2826.
Werner H, Beverly F, Gary D A. 1973. 5,4′-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone from Ambrosia eriocentra. Phytochemistry, 12(5): 1181-1182.
Xiang T, Tezuka Y, Wu L J, Banskota A H, Kadota S. 2000. Saponins from Lonicera bournei. Phytochemistry, 54: 795-799.
Yang X J, Wong M S, Wang N L, Chan S C, Yao X S. 2007. Lignans from the stems of Sambucus williamsii and their effects on osteoblastic UMR106 cells. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,9(7): 583-591.
Zhu X, Dong X, Wang Y, Ju P, Luo S. 2005. Phenolic compounds from Viburnum cylindricum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 88: 339-342.
马俊利,李宁,李铣.2009.忍冬叶中的一个新双黄酮苷.中国药物化学杂志,1(19): 63-64.
宋立人.1999.中华本草,上海科学技术出版社.7: 548.
汤丹,李会军,李萍,赵师艳,毕志明.2008.黄褐毛忍冬中主皂有成分的结构解析.高等学校化学学报,29: 551-553.
汤彦承,李良千.1994.忍冬科狭义植物地理及其对认识东亚植物区系的意义.植物分类学报, 32(3): 197-218.
王俊儒.2003.天然产物提取分离与鉴定技术.西北农林科技大学讲义, 42-48.
曾令杰,邢俊波,李萍.2000.忍冬科的植物化学分类学研究的初探.中国中药杂志,3 (3): 184-186.
Abdallah O M, Ibraheim Z Z. 1995. Viburnine A macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid from Viburnum rhytidophyllum. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18(1): 39-43.
Abrosca B D, Greea M D, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Previtera L, Simonet A M, Zarrelli A. 2001. Potential allelochemicals from Sambucus nigra. Phytochemistry, 58: 1073-1081.
Aimi N, Sakai S I, Haginiwa J. 1993. Kinginoside, A new acyl group carrying iridoid bioside from Lonicera morrowii. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 41: 1882-1884.
Altun M L, ?ito?lu G S, Yilmaz B S, ?oban T. 2008. Antioxidant properties of Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana growing in turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 59(3), 175-180.
Barton D H R, De Mayo P. 1954. Triterpenoids. Part XV. The constitution of icterogenin, a physiologically active triterpenoid. Journal of the Chemical Society, 4: 887-900.
Brown R T, Dauda B E N, Kandasamy M, Santos C A M. 1991. Lonitiside: A novel monoterpenoid diglycoside from Lonicera nitida. Journal of Chemistry, Perkin Translation I, 6: 1539-1542.
?ali? ?, Yürüker A, Rüegger H, Wright A D, Sticher O. 1993. A new acyclic monoterpene glycoside from Viburnum orientale. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 76(7): 2563-2569.
?ali? ?, Yürüker A, Rüegger H, Wright A D, Sticher O. 1993. Five novel acyclic monoterpene glylcosides from Viburnum orientale. Sticher. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 76(1): 416-424.
?ali? ?, Yürüker A, Rüegger H, Wright A D, Sticher O. 1995. Lantanoside, a monocyclic C10 iridoid glucoside from Viburnum lantana. Phytochemistry, 38(1): 163-165.
Chen Y, Feng X, Wang M, Jia X D, Zhao Y Y, Dong Y F. 2009. Triterpene glycosides from Lonicera. II. Isolation and structural determination of glycosides from flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45(4): 514-518 .
Cheung H T, Wong C S. 1972. Structures of triterpenes from Dryobalanops aromatica. Phytochemistry, 11(5): 1771-1780.
Duh C Y, El-Gamal A A H, Wang S K. 2003. Vibsanin O, a novel diterpenoid from Viburnum awabuki . Tetrahedron letters. 44: 9321-9322.
El-Gamal A A H, 2008. Cytotoxic lupane-, secolupane-, and oleanane-type triterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Natural Product Research, 22(3): 191-197.
El-Gamal A A H, Wang S K, Duh C Y. 2004. New diterpenoids from Viburnum awabuki . Journal of natural products.67: 333-336.
Flamini G, Braea A, Cioni P L, Morelli I. 1997. Three new flavonoids and other constituents from Lonicea implexa. Journal of natural products,60: 449-452.
Fujio M, Tagawa M, Matsuda S. 1985. Abeliosides A and B, secoiridoid glucosides from Abelia grandiflora. Phytochemistry, 24(10): 23-29.
Fukuyama H, Nakahara M, Minami H, Kodama M. 1996. Two new benzofuran-type lignans from the wood of Viburnum awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 44(7): 1418-1420.
Fukuyama Y, Fujii H, Minami H, Takahashi H, Kubo M. 2006. Neovibsanin F and its congeners, rearranged vibsanin-type diterpenes from Viburnum suspensum. Journal of natural products, 69: 1098-1100.
Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Fujii T, Matsuo A, Minoshima Y, Minami H, Morisaki M. 2002.Structures of furanovibsanins A–G from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron, 58(50): 10033-10041.
Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Minami H, Yuaso H, Matsuo A, Fujii T, Morisaki M, Harada K. 2005. Rearranged vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki and photochemical reaction of Vibsanin B. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 53(1): 72-80.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Fujii H, Tajima M. 2002. Triterpenoids from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 60(8): 765-768.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Ichikawa R, Takeuchi K, Kodama M. 1996. Hydroperoxylated guaiane-type sesquiterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Phytochemistry, 42(3): 741-746.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Kagawa M, Kodama M, Kawazu K. 1999. Chemical conversion of vibsanin C to vibsanin E and structure of 3-hydroxyvibsanin E from Viburnum awabuki. Journal of natural products, 62: 337-339.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Matsuo A, Kitamura K, Akizuki M, Kubo M, Kodama M. 2002.
Seven-membered vibsane-type diterpenes with a 5,10-cis Relationship from Viburnum awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 50: 368-371.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Takeuchi K, Kodama M, Kawazu K. 1996. Neovibsanines A and B, unprecedented diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Letter, 37(37): 6767-6770.
Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Yamamoto I, Kodama M, Kawazu K. 1998. Neovibsanins H and I, novel diterpenes from Viburnum Awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 46: 545-547.
Fukuyama Y, Minoshima Y, Kishimoto Y, Chen I S, Takahashi H, Esumi T. 2004. Iridoid glucosides and p-coumaroyl iridoids from Viburnum luzonicum and their cytotoxicity. Journal of Natural Products, 67(11): 1833-1838.
Fukuyama Y, Minoshima Y, Kishimoto Y, Chen I S, Takahashi H, Esumi T. 2005. Cytotoxic Iridoid Aldehydes from Taiwanese Viburnum luzonicum. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 53(1): 125-127.
Fukuyama Y, Morisaki M, Minoshima Y, Minami H, Takahashi H, Asakawa Y. 2004. Cyclovibsanins, unprecedented seven-membered vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Letters in Organic Chemistry, 1: 189-193.
Hajime O, Koichi K. 1976. Chavicol, as a larva-growth inhibitor, from Viburnum japonicum Spreng. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 40(11): 2283-2287.
Hase T, Iwagawa T, Dave M N. 1985. Three iridoid glycosides from Viburnum furcatum. Phytochemistry, 24(6): 1323-1327.
Hase T, Iwagawa T, Munesada K. 1982. A bitter monoterpene glucoside from Viburnum phlebotrichum. Phytochemistry, 21(6): 1435-1437.
Hase T, Iwagawa T. 1982. The revised structure of furcatin, a component of leaves of Viburnum furcatum Blume. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 55(11): 3663-3664.
Hase T, Takao H, Iwagawa T. 1983. The bitter iridoids from Viburnum urceolatum. Phytochemistry, 22(9): 1977-1982 .
Hermans L A, Verporte R. 1987. Purification of secologanin from Lonicera tartarica extracts using RLCC. Planta Medica, 53(6): 546-548.
Houghton P J, Lian L M. 1986. Triterpenoids from Desfontainia spinosa. Phytochemistry, 25(8): 1935-1944.
Ivanov V D, Komissarenko N F, Ladygina E Y. 1983. Viburnum opulus bark iridoids. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 19(2): 237-238.
Iwagawa T, Hase T, Abe M, Higashi S. 1983. Flavonoid glycosides of the leaves of Viburnum furcatum Blume. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo, 16: 87-91.
Iwagawa T, Hase T. 1983. A bitter monoterpene diglycoside from viburnum urceolatum. Phytochemistry, 22(1): 255-258.
Iwagawa T, Hase T. 1984. A spiro-bis-γ-lactone glucoside from viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 23(10): 2299-2301.
Iwagawa T, Hase T. 1986. An iridoid acetylalloside from viburnum japonicum. Phytochemistry, 25(5): 1227-1229.
Iwagawa T, Hase T.1984. A coumarin acetylglucoside from viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 23(2): 467-468.
Iwagawa T, Omagari Y, Ueno C, Hase T. 1982. Constituents of the leaves of Viburnum urceolatum. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo, 15: 63-68.
Iwagawa T, Takahashi H, Munesada K, Hase T. 1984. A phenol alloside from viburnum wrightii. Phytochemistry, 23(2): 468-469.
Iwagawa T, Tanoue C, Toyota T, Hase T. 1982. Constituents of the leaves of Vibrnum phlebotrichum. Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu Kiyo, 15: 57-62.
Iwagawa T, Yaguchi S, Hase T, Okubo T, Kim M. 1992. Gomojosides, labdane diterpenoids from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 31: 1311-1315.
Iwagawa T, Yaguchi S, Hase T, Okubo T, Kim M. 1993. Diterpene glucosides from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 32: 1515-1518.
Iwai K, Kim M Y, Onodera A, Mateue H. 2006.α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Polyphenols in the Fruit of Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 4588-4592.
Jensen S R, Nielsen B J, Norn V. 1985. Iridoids from Viburnum betulifolium. Phytochemistry, 24(3): 487-489.
Jo?o M J V, Artur M S S, JoséA S C. 1998. Chromones and flavanones from artemisia campestris subsp. Maritima. Phytochemistry, 49(5): 1421-1424.
Johns S R, Lamberton J A, Morton T C, Suares H, Willing R I. 1983. Triterpenes of Lantana tiliaefolia. 24-Hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid, a new triterpene. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 36(12): 2537-2547.
Kagawa M, Minami H, Nakahara M, Takahashi H, Takaoka S, Fukuyama Y. 1998. Oleanane-type triterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Phytochemistry, 47: 1337-1341.
Kakuda R, Imai M, Yaoita Y, Maehida K, Kikuehi M. 2000. Secoiridoid glycosides from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Phytochemistry, 55: 879-881.
Kawazu K. 1980. Isolation of vibsanines A, B, C, D, E and F from Viburnum odoratissimum. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 44(6): 1367-1372.
Kikuchi M, Kawarada N, Yaoita Y. 1999. Studies on the constituents of lonicera species. XIII. New fernane type triterpenoides from the leaves of Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 47: 663-666.
Kikuchi M, Matsuda N, Takeshi S. 1995. Flavonoid glycosides from leaves of Viburnum awabuki. Natural Medicines, 49(2): 219-221.
Kikuchi M, Matsuda N. 1996. Flavone glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa. Journal of natural products, 59: 314-315.
Kim M Y, Iwai K, Onodera A, Matsue H. 2003. Identification and antiradical properties of anthocyanins in fruits of Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(21): 6173-6177.
Kita M, Kigoshi H, Uemura D. 2001. Isolation and structure of korolkoside, A bis-iridoid glucoside from Lonicera korolkovii. Journal of natural products, 64: 1090-1092.
Koichi M, Hitomi S, Rie O, Kikuchi M. 2010. Three new glycosides from Viburnum plicatum THUNB. var. tomentosum MIQ. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 93: 290-297.
Ku Y L, Rao G V, Chen C H, Wu C, Guh J H, Lee S S. 2003. A novel secobetulinic acid 3,4-lactone from Viburnum aboricolum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 86(3): 697-702.
Kubo M, Chen I S, Fukuyama Y. 2001. Vibsane-type diterpenes from Taiwanese Viburnum odoratissimum. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 49: 242-245.
Kubo M, Chen I S, Minami H, Fukuyama Y. 1999. Aldovibsanins, enol ester free vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum Odoratissimum. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 47: 295-296.
Kubo M, Fujii T, Hioki H, Tanaka M, Kawazu K, Fukuyama Y. 2001. Spirovibsanin A, an unprecedented vibsane-type 18-norditerpene from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Letter, 42(6): 1081-1083.
Kubo M, Kishimoto Y, Harada K, Hioki H, Fukuyama Y. 2010. Ngf-potentiating vibsane-type diterpenoids from Viburnum sieboldii. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 20: 2566-2571.
Kubo M, Minami H, Hayashi E, Kodama M, Kawazu K, Fukuyama Y. 1999. Neovibsanin C, a macrocyclic peroxide-containing neovibsane-type diterpene from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Letter, 40(34): 6261-6265.
Kumar N, Singh B, Bhandari P, GuPta A P, Uniyal S K, Kaul V K. 2005. Biflavonoids from Lonicera japoniea. Phytochemistry, 66: 2740-2744.
Kumar S, Sati O P, Semwal V D, Nautiyal M, Sati S, Takeda Y. 2000. Iridoid glycosides from Lonicera quinquelocularis. Phytochemistry, 53: 499-501.
Kuroyanagi M, Shiotsu M, Ebihara T, Kawai H, Ueno A, Fukushima S. 1986. Chemical studies on Viburnum awabuki K.KOCH. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 34(10): 4012-4017.
Kwak W J, Han C K, Chang H W, Ki H P, Kang S S, Son K H. 2003. Loniceroside C, an anti-inflammatory saponin from Lonicera japonica. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 51: 333-335.
Lee E J, Kim J S, Kim H P, Lee J H, Kang S S. 2010. Phenolic constituents from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica and their 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. Food Chemistry,120: 134-139 .
Lee J S, Kim H J, Woo E R, Park Y W, Lee Y S, Lee H P. 2001. 7-Feruloylloganin: An iridoid glucoside from stems of Lonicera insularis. Planta Medica, 67: 99-102.
Luo J G, Liu J, Kong L Y. 2008. New pentacyclic triterpenes from Gypsophila oldhamiana and their biological evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 5(5):751-757.
Luo Y J, Li H J, Li P, Zhang L. 2009. A new triterpenoid saponin from flower buds of Lonicera dasystyla. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 7(6): 405-408.
Machida K, Asano J, Kikuchi M. 1995. Caeruleosides A and B, bis- iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea. Phytocheraistry, 39: 111-114.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1992. Constituents of viburnum species. VII. Polyhydric alcohol glycosides from the leaves of Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Annual Report of the Tohoku College of Pharmacy, 39: 61-67.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1992. Phenolic compounds from Viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 31(10): 3654-3656.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1994. Studies on the constituents of viburnum Species. VIII.γ-Lactone glycosides from the leaves of Viburnum wrightii MIQ. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 42(7): 1388-1392.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1994. The components of viburnum species. IX. On the components of the leaves of Viburnum wrightii MIQ. Annual Report of the Tohoku College of Pharmacy, 41: 101-105.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1995. An iridoid glucoside from Lonicera caeruea. Phytochemistry, 40: 603-604.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1997. Studies on the constituents of Viburnum species. XVII. New dammarane-type triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 45: 1589-1592.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1997. Studies on the constituents of viburnum species. XVIII. viburnols : Six new triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 45: 1928-1931.
Machida K, Kikuchi M. 1999. Studies on the constituents of viburnum Species. XIX. Six new triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 47(5): 692-694.
Machida K, Nakano Y, Kikuchi M. 1991. Phenolic glycosides from Viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 30(6): 2013-2014.
Machida K, Sasaki H, Iijima T, Kikuchi M. 2002. Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species. XVII. New iridoid glycosides of the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica THUNB. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 50: 1041-1044.
Machida K, Takano M, Kakuda R, Yaoita Y, Kikuchi M. 2002. A new lignan glycoside from the leaves of Sambucus sieboldiana MIQ. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 50: 669-671.
Mahato S B, Kundu A P. 1994. 13C NMR spectra of pentacyclic triterpenoids—a compilation and some salient features. Phytochemistry, 37(6): 1517-1575.
Matsuda N, Isawa K, Kikuchi M. 1997. Megastigmane glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa. Phytochemistry, 45: 777-779.
Matsuda N, Kikuchi M. 1995. A coumarin glycoside from Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa. Phytochemistry, 38: 803-804.
Matsuda N, Kikuchi M. 1995. Studies on the constituents of lonicea species. VII. Three new polyhydric alcohol glycosides from the leaves of Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim.. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 43: 1049-1051.
Matsuda N, Kikuchi M. 1996. Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species. X. Neolignan glycosides from the leaves of Lonicera gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim.. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 44: 1676-1679.
Matsuda N, Sato H, Yaoita Y, Kikuchi M. 1996. Isolation and absolute structures of the neolignan glycosides with the enantimetric aglycones from the leaves of Viburnum awabuki K. KOCH. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 44(5): 1122-1123.
Minami H, Anzaki S, Kubo M, Kodama M, Kawazu K, Fukuyama Y. 1998. Structures of new seven-membered ring vibsane-type diterpenes isolated from leaves of Viburnum awabuki. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.46: 1194-1198.
Mohamed M A, Marzouk M S A, Moharram F A, El-Sayed M M, Baiuomy A R. 2005. Phytochemical constituents and hepatoprotective activity of Viburnum tinus. Phytochemistry, 66(23): 2780-2786.
Muller J. 1981. Fossil pollen records of extant Angiosperme. Botony Review, 47(4):1.
Nobuji N, Hiroe K, Junko H, Mayumi O, Osamu I, Itaru T. 1995. Acylated anthocyanins from fruits of Sambucus Canadensis. Phytochemistry, 38: 755-757.
Parveen M, Khan M S, Shafiullah, Ilyas M. 1998. Luteolin 3′-xylosyl(1→2) glucoside from Viburnum grandifolium. Phytochemistry, 49(8): 2535-2538.
Pharkphoom P, Hiroshi N, Wanchai D E, Ushio S. 1995. Naphthoquinones and coumarins from Impatiens balsamina root cultures. Phytochemistry, 40(4): 1141-1143.
Sadavongvivad C, Supavilai P. Three monohydroxycoumarins from Alyxia lucida. 1977. Phytochemistry, 16(9): 1451.
Shen Y C, Lin C L, Chien S C, Khalil A T, Ko C L, Wang C H. 2004. Iridoid glucosides and p-coumaroyl iridoids from Viburnum luzonicum and their cytotoxicity. Journal of natural products, 67: 74-77.
Shen Y C, Prakash C V S, Wang L T, Chien C T, Hung M C. 2002, New vibsane diterpenes and lupane triterpenes from Viburnum odoratissimum. Journal of natural products, 65(7): 1052-1055.
Song W X, Li S, Wang S J, Wu Y, Zi J C, Gan M L, Zhang Y L, Liu M T, Lin S, Yang Y C, Shi J G. 2008. Pyridinium alkaloid-coupled secoiridoids from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Journal of natural products, 71: 922-925.
Takido M, Fukuhara K, Yamanouchi S, Takahashi S. 1983. Phlebotrichin, a phenolic compound from the fresh leaves of Viburnum phlebotrichum. Phytochemistry, 22(1): 223-225.
Talapatra S K, Sarkar A C, Talapatra B. 1981. Two pentacyclic triterpenes from Rubia cordifolia. Phytochemistry, 20(8): 1923-1927.
Tetsuo I, Yaguchi S, Hase T. 1994. Iridoid glycosides from Viburnum suspensum. Phytochemistry, 35(5): 1369-1370.
Tkachev A V, Denisov A Y. 1994. Oxidative decarboxylation by hydrogen peroxide and a mercury (II) salt: A simple route to nor-derivatives of acetyloleanolic, acetylursolic and dehydroabietic acids. Tetrahedron, 50(8): 2591-2598.
Tomassini L, Brkic D, Foddai S, Nicoletti M. 1997. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum rhytidophyllum. Phytochemistry, 44(4): 751-753.
Tomassini L, Brkic D. 1997. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum lantana discolor. Planta Medica, 63(5): 485-486.
Tomassini L, Cometa M F, Foddai S, Nicoletti M. 1995. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum tinus. Phytochemistry, 38(2): 423-425.
Tomassini L, Cometa M F, Foddai S, Nicoletti M. 1999. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum prunifolium. Planta Medica, 65(2): 195.
Tomassini L, Dejan B, Sebastiano F. 1997. Iridoid glycosides form Viburnum Rythidophyllum. Phytochemisrty, 44(4): 751-753.
Tomassini L, Foddai S, Nicoletti M, Cometa M F, Palazzino G, Galeffi C. 1997. Iridoid glucosides from Viburnum ayavacense. Phytochemistry, 46(5): 901-905.
Tomassini L, Francesca M, Serafini M, Nicoletti M. 1995. Isolation of secoiridoid artifacts from Lonicera japonica. Journal of natural products, 58: 1756-1758.
Tsukamoto H, Hisada S, Nishibe S, Roux D G, Rourke J P. 1984. Coumarins from Olea africana and Olea capensis. Phytochemistry, 23(3): 699-670.
Tsukamoto H, Hisada S, Nishibe S. 1985. Coumarins from bark of Fraxinus japonica and F. mandshurica var. japonica. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 33(9): 4069-4073.
Valerio P, Stefan S, Ernst P E, Hermann S. 2009. Iridoid glycosides from the leaves of Sambucus ebulus. Journal of natural products, 72: 1798–1800.
Valesi A G, Rodriguez E, Velde G V, Mabry T J. 1972. Methylated flavonols in Larrea cuneifolia. Phytochemistry, 11(9): 2821-2826.
Werner H, Beverly F, Gary D A. 1973. 5,4′-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone from Ambrosia eriocentra. Phytochemistry, 12(5): 1181-1182.
Xiang T, Tezuka Y, Wu L J, Banskota A H, Kadota S. 2000. Saponins from Lonicera bournei. Phytochemistry, 54: 795-799.
Yang X J, Wong M S, Wang N L, Chan S C, Yao X S. 2007. Lignans from the stems of Sambucus williamsii and their effects on osteoblastic UMR106 cells. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,9(7): 583-591.
Zhu X, Dong X, Wang Y, Ju P, Luo S. 2005. Phenolic compounds from Viburnum cylindricum. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 88: 339-342.