下一代网络视频传输关键技术研究
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摘要
下一代网络通信业务将多媒体数据融合到统一的IP网络上,为用户提供丰富多彩的服务。
本文在探讨IP网络、固网和移动融合网络的视频通信技术基础上,从网络层、传输层和应用层的不同角度对下一代网络中视频传输的关键技术进行了系统的研究。以下是本论文的创新性研究工作:
(1)在网络层,提出了一种基于蚁群算法的启发式智能优化QoS组播路由算法,从人工智能的角度对IP层的组播路由寻路方法进行了研究。提出了一种基于蚁群算法的,满足带宽、时延、时延抖动、分组丢包率、费用多个QoS约束的动态组播路由算法(DM-ACA)。算法使用逆向路径(Reverse path)机制,蚂蚁从目的节点出发寻找源节点,解决了组播网络动态变化的问题;通过引入洪泛(flooding)机制,初始群筛选(sieving)机制,加性增量乘性减量(AIMD)的信息素启发机制,解决了蚁群算法局部搜索能力弱、收敛速度慢、易于陷入局部最优解的问题。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可行有效。
(2)在传输层,基于对复杂网络、无标度网络和小世界网络的理论研究基础上,对网络的建模问题进行了研究,提出了一种网络仿真建模模型,针对网络底层拓扑仿真方法提出建议。研究表明,Internet网络中节点的连接度服从幂律分布,且具有无标度(scale-free)特性。基于无标度网络模型建立的网络仿真能够更真实的反映在互联网中应用的演化特征。基于对无标度网络的研究,提出了一种基于对数关系的改进的非平稳增长模型,在此模型基础上建立了基于Gossip协议的应用层组播(ALM)的模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,与常用的随机网络模型比较,本文提出的基于无标度网络的模型与互联网的实际情况更吻合;与Planetlab实验床试验和实际测量数据分析比较,基于无标度网络的仿真可以有效模拟大规模网络上的应用。
(3)在应用层,对基于P2P结构的应用层组播数据分发模型进行了研究,提出了一种基于Gossip闲谈机制的节点管理控制策略,对分布式应用系统中的节点对象管理提出了有效的数据分发访问方法,一种被称作Gomcast(Gossip-based Overlay Multicast)的有效的成员管理协议被提出。研究表明,大部分传统的Gossip闲谈解决方案能够在节点小范围配置下很好的工作,但是在节点规模大的情况下会在可靠性和传输性能方面有很大的降低,这是因为单个节点缺乏全局信息、负载流量高和缺乏灵活性等原因。本文提出如下策略以提供给节点一个可靠的局部视图:服从幂律分布并使用优先连接的增长模型,推拉的闲谈机制,一种基于分布式哈希表的心跳优化。实验结果表明,以上策略在节点规模大的情况下有更好的传输管理性能。
(4)对P2P SIP的多媒体成员管理模型进行了讨论,提出了一种新型的多媒体传输控制机制。设计了一种使用Chord算法实现的、P2P模式的、使用SIP协议作为控制信令的传输模型,并对其中节点的启动和注册问题进行了详细讨论,设计了工作过程的详细步骤。
(5)对IMS中固网和移动网络融合技术进行了研究,着重对网络融合中PSTN与IMS信令互通机制进行了讨论,提出了一种IMS与PSTN互通的参考模型,分析了从SIP到ISUP的典型呼叫会话流程,给出了实现SIP与ISUP信令互通的结构和消息映射机制。在此基础上,本文设计和实现了一个具体的MGCF,重点分析了MGCF的应用层模块设计,并给出了一个具体的消息映射状态机的实现过程。
(6)提出了一种在异构网络中自适应视频流传输的策略机制,使用Click Modular Router模块,设计了一种在无线网络和IP网络的异构环境中,当网络参数发生变化时,客户端自适应调整视频流服务质量的解决方案,实验结果表明,当网络参数变化时,VideoLAN视频服务客户端接收到的视频流服务质量可以保证,方案可行有效。
The next generation network multimedia data communications business will be integrated into the unified IP network, to provide users with various services.
In this paper, based on investigate of the IP network, integration of fixed and mobile video communication technology infrastructure, a research from network layer, transport layer and application layer of different angles on the key technology of the next generation of video transmission network is processed. Following is the innovative research work of thesis:
(1) In the network layer, a method based on the ant colony optimization heuristics smart QoS multicast routing algorithms is proposed. From the standpoint of artificial intelligence, a method of IP multicast routing Wayfinding is put forward. A method based on the ant colony to meet multiple QoS of bound, such as bandwidth, delay, delay jitter, packet loss rate, cost, is proposed by the dynamic multicast routing algorithm (DM-ACA). Algorithm uses the reverse path mechanism. Ants start from the purpose nodes to find the source of nodes. And the dynamic change problem of multicast network is solved. Through the introduction of the information-inspired mechanism that flooding mechanism, initial group sieving mechanism, and additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD), to solve the weak local searching ability of ant colony algorithm, convergence slow and easy leading to local optimal result of the problem. The simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.
(2) In the transport layer, based on complex networks, scale-free networks and small world network theory, the modeling problems of network have been studied, a network simulation model for the underlying network topology is proposed. Research shows that, degrees of nodes in the Internet follow the power-law distribution, and have characteristics of scale-free. The network simulation model established based on the scale-free networks can reflect more realistically of the application in the evolution of Internet. Based on the research of scale-free network, a non-steady growth model of logarithm relations is put forward, and the simulation of the application layer Gossip Multicast (ALM) is established. The simulation results show that, comparing with the uniform random network model, the scale-free networks based on this paper match with the actual Internet model. Comparing with Planetlab test bed and the reality test and measurement data, the simulation based on the scale-free network can simulate large-scale network applications effectively.
(3) In the application layer, based on the study of P2P application layer multicast data distribution model, a mechanism of node management control based on Gossip is proposed. The effective data access and distribution method is used in distributed applications. An effective member management protocol called as Gomcast (Gossip-based Overlay Multicast) is made. Research shows that most of the traditional Gossip solutions work very well in small-scale node configuration, but in the case of large scale, transmission reliability and performance are reduced. This is because of lack of overall node information for single, over load flow and lack of flexibility and other reasons. This paper proposes the following strategy to provide a reliable local node view: obey the power law distribution and use of priority connections growth model; push-pull mechanism gossip; the optimization of the heart based on distributed hash table. Experimental results show that a better transport management performance in the case of more large-scale joint strategy.
(4) The multimedia members management model of P2P SIP was discussed, a new type of multimedia transmission control mechanisms. A Chord algorithm is designed using the P2P model, using the SIP as a control signal transmission model. Then the start-up of nodes and registration issues are discussed in detail, the steps of the process are designed.
(5) Convergence technology of fixed and mobile network in IMS is studied. Network integration in the IMS and PSTN signaling exchange mechanism is discussed. A sharing of IMS and PSTN reference model is proposed, the typical call conversation process from SIP to ISUP is discussed, the realization of SIP signaling and ISUP exchange information on mapping the structure and mechanism is given. On this basis, the paper designs and implements a specific MGCF, focus on the application layer modular design, and gives a specific message mapping implementation of the state machine.
(6) In a heterogeneous network, an adaptive video streaming transmission mechanism is discussed. Using Click Modular Router module, a heterogeneous environment of wireless network and IP network is designed. When network parameters change, clients adaptive adjust video streaming quality of service. Experimental results show that, when the network parameters change, VideoLAN termination received video services, video streaming service quality can be assured, and the schedule is feasible and effective.
本文在探讨IP网络、固网和移动融合网络的视频通信技术基础上,从网络层、传输层和应用层的不同角度对下一代网络中视频传输的关键技术进行了系统的研究。以下是本论文的创新性研究工作:
(1)在网络层,提出了一种基于蚁群算法的启发式智能优化QoS组播路由算法,从人工智能的角度对IP层的组播路由寻路方法进行了研究。提出了一种基于蚁群算法的,满足带宽、时延、时延抖动、分组丢包率、费用多个QoS约束的动态组播路由算法(DM-ACA)。算法使用逆向路径(Reverse path)机制,蚂蚁从目的节点出发寻找源节点,解决了组播网络动态变化的问题;通过引入洪泛(flooding)机制,初始群筛选(sieving)机制,加性增量乘性减量(AIMD)的信息素启发机制,解决了蚁群算法局部搜索能力弱、收敛速度慢、易于陷入局部最优解的问题。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可行有效。
(2)在传输层,基于对复杂网络、无标度网络和小世界网络的理论研究基础上,对网络的建模问题进行了研究,提出了一种网络仿真建模模型,针对网络底层拓扑仿真方法提出建议。研究表明,Internet网络中节点的连接度服从幂律分布,且具有无标度(scale-free)特性。基于无标度网络模型建立的网络仿真能够更真实的反映在互联网中应用的演化特征。基于对无标度网络的研究,提出了一种基于对数关系的改进的非平稳增长模型,在此模型基础上建立了基于Gossip协议的应用层组播(ALM)的模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,与常用的随机网络模型比较,本文提出的基于无标度网络的模型与互联网的实际情况更吻合;与Planetlab实验床试验和实际测量数据分析比较,基于无标度网络的仿真可以有效模拟大规模网络上的应用。
(3)在应用层,对基于P2P结构的应用层组播数据分发模型进行了研究,提出了一种基于Gossip闲谈机制的节点管理控制策略,对分布式应用系统中的节点对象管理提出了有效的数据分发访问方法,一种被称作Gomcast(Gossip-based Overlay Multicast)的有效的成员管理协议被提出。研究表明,大部分传统的Gossip闲谈解决方案能够在节点小范围配置下很好的工作,但是在节点规模大的情况下会在可靠性和传输性能方面有很大的降低,这是因为单个节点缺乏全局信息、负载流量高和缺乏灵活性等原因。本文提出如下策略以提供给节点一个可靠的局部视图:服从幂律分布并使用优先连接的增长模型,推拉的闲谈机制,一种基于分布式哈希表的心跳优化。实验结果表明,以上策略在节点规模大的情况下有更好的传输管理性能。
(4)对P2P SIP的多媒体成员管理模型进行了讨论,提出了一种新型的多媒体传输控制机制。设计了一种使用Chord算法实现的、P2P模式的、使用SIP协议作为控制信令的传输模型,并对其中节点的启动和注册问题进行了详细讨论,设计了工作过程的详细步骤。
(5)对IMS中固网和移动网络融合技术进行了研究,着重对网络融合中PSTN与IMS信令互通机制进行了讨论,提出了一种IMS与PSTN互通的参考模型,分析了从SIP到ISUP的典型呼叫会话流程,给出了实现SIP与ISUP信令互通的结构和消息映射机制。在此基础上,本文设计和实现了一个具体的MGCF,重点分析了MGCF的应用层模块设计,并给出了一个具体的消息映射状态机的实现过程。
(6)提出了一种在异构网络中自适应视频流传输的策略机制,使用Click Modular Router模块,设计了一种在无线网络和IP网络的异构环境中,当网络参数发生变化时,客户端自适应调整视频流服务质量的解决方案,实验结果表明,当网络参数变化时,VideoLAN视频服务客户端接收到的视频流服务质量可以保证,方案可行有效。
The next generation network multimedia data communications business will be integrated into the unified IP network, to provide users with various services.
In this paper, based on investigate of the IP network, integration of fixed and mobile video communication technology infrastructure, a research from network layer, transport layer and application layer of different angles on the key technology of the next generation of video transmission network is processed. Following is the innovative research work of thesis:
(1) In the network layer, a method based on the ant colony optimization heuristics smart QoS multicast routing algorithms is proposed. From the standpoint of artificial intelligence, a method of IP multicast routing Wayfinding is put forward. A method based on the ant colony to meet multiple QoS of bound, such as bandwidth, delay, delay jitter, packet loss rate, cost, is proposed by the dynamic multicast routing algorithm (DM-ACA). Algorithm uses the reverse path mechanism. Ants start from the purpose nodes to find the source of nodes. And the dynamic change problem of multicast network is solved. Through the introduction of the information-inspired mechanism that flooding mechanism, initial group sieving mechanism, and additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD), to solve the weak local searching ability of ant colony algorithm, convergence slow and easy leading to local optimal result of the problem. The simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.
(2) In the transport layer, based on complex networks, scale-free networks and small world network theory, the modeling problems of network have been studied, a network simulation model for the underlying network topology is proposed. Research shows that, degrees of nodes in the Internet follow the power-law distribution, and have characteristics of scale-free. The network simulation model established based on the scale-free networks can reflect more realistically of the application in the evolution of Internet. Based on the research of scale-free network, a non-steady growth model of logarithm relations is put forward, and the simulation of the application layer Gossip Multicast (ALM) is established. The simulation results show that, comparing with the uniform random network model, the scale-free networks based on this paper match with the actual Internet model. Comparing with Planetlab test bed and the reality test and measurement data, the simulation based on the scale-free network can simulate large-scale network applications effectively.
(3) In the application layer, based on the study of P2P application layer multicast data distribution model, a mechanism of node management control based on Gossip is proposed. The effective data access and distribution method is used in distributed applications. An effective member management protocol called as Gomcast (Gossip-based Overlay Multicast) is made. Research shows that most of the traditional Gossip solutions work very well in small-scale node configuration, but in the case of large scale, transmission reliability and performance are reduced. This is because of lack of overall node information for single, over load flow and lack of flexibility and other reasons. This paper proposes the following strategy to provide a reliable local node view: obey the power law distribution and use of priority connections growth model; push-pull mechanism gossip; the optimization of the heart based on distributed hash table. Experimental results show that a better transport management performance in the case of more large-scale joint strategy.
(4) The multimedia members management model of P2P SIP was discussed, a new type of multimedia transmission control mechanisms. A Chord algorithm is designed using the P2P model, using the SIP as a control signal transmission model. Then the start-up of nodes and registration issues are discussed in detail, the steps of the process are designed.
(5) Convergence technology of fixed and mobile network in IMS is studied. Network integration in the IMS and PSTN signaling exchange mechanism is discussed. A sharing of IMS and PSTN reference model is proposed, the typical call conversation process from SIP to ISUP is discussed, the realization of SIP signaling and ISUP exchange information on mapping the structure and mechanism is given. On this basis, the paper designs and implements a specific MGCF, focus on the application layer modular design, and gives a specific message mapping implementation of the state machine.
(6) In a heterogeneous network, an adaptive video streaming transmission mechanism is discussed. Using Click Modular Router module, a heterogeneous environment of wireless network and IP network is designed. When network parameters change, clients adaptive adjust video streaming quality of service. Experimental results show that, when the network parameters change, VideoLAN termination received video services, video streaming service quality can be assured, and the schedule is feasible and effective.
引文
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