供应链管理中协调问题研究
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摘要
进入20世纪90年代以来，供应链管理成了学术界研究的一个热门课题。供应链管理的重要内容之一是协调供应链中的各个组成部分，因为供应链是典型的、需要协调的系统。协调作为供应链稳固和运行的重要手段已经引起了学术界的广泛关注。对供应链管理中的协调问题进行深入分析与综合研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文在分析和总结大量国内外供应链管理研究成果的基础上，主要从供应链协调的战略选择、基于合作伙伴关系的供应链协调、基于共同补给期的供应链协调以及供应链协调的绩效评价4个方面对供应链管理中的协调问题进行了理论研究，并得出了一些有益的结论。本文的主要内容与创新点如下：
1.按照最近国内外对供应链管理研究内容的相近性、重要性，以及对供应链管理研究的理解，将供应链管理研究划分为10个研究领域，并对每个研究领域的主要成果等进行了阐述；提出了当前供应链管理研究存在的主要问题。
2.分析了供应链管理的基本思想，分别给出了供应链与供应链管理的定义；总结了供应链管理的关键要素以及我国目前供应链管理存在的误区；对供应链协调问题进行了分类，重点分析和归纳了每种供应链协调的研究成果。
3.分析了供应链协调所面临的问题，在此基础上提出了“形成SC合作伙伴关系”、“采用纵向一体化模式”和“建立激励机制”这3种供应链协调战略选择形式，并对每一种协调战略进行了详细论述。
4.根据供应链成员之间供需模式的不同，将供应链合作伙伴关系划分为3种类型，然后对每种合作伙伴关系下供应链协调问题建立了数学模型，分别就协调情形与非协调情形进行了详细分析与数值实验，得出了有益的结论。
5.提出和分析了以共同补给期作为供应链协调的调节手段时，在弹性需求和随机需求两种情形下如何实现供应链协调的问题。在分析过程中，建立了相应的数学模型，进行了数值实验分析，得出了有益的结论。
6.给出了供应链协调绩效评价的概念，初步建立了供应链综合协调绩效评价指标体系，并对涉及的评价指标进行了量化分析。最后，探讨了供应链协调绩效评价方法及其应用问题。
Supply chain management(SCM) has been a hot research field of academia since the nineties of the twentieth century. One of the important parts of SCM is to coordinate various links of a supply chain(SC) because it is a typical system and needs to be coordinated. Coordination is viewed as important means of SC’s firmness and operation and has attracted broad attention of academia. Deep analysis and systematic study on coordination in SCM are of great significance in theory and practice.
Based on analyzing and summarizing a large volume of domestic and foreign literature on SCM, the paper focuses on researching theoretically coordination in SCM from four aspects: strategic alternatives of SC coordination, SC coordination based on partnership, SC coordination based on common replenishment period and performance measurement of SC coordination, and arrives at some useful conclusions. The main points and innovations of the paper are as follows:
1. The research on SCM is divided into 10 research fields according to the similarity and importance of recent domestic and foreign literature on SCM and our comprehension to research on SCM. The paper illustrates each research result in each field and the prime existing problems of research on SCM are presented.
2. The basic idea of SCM is analyzed, and the definitions of SCM and SCM are given respectively. The paper summaries the key elements of SCM and the existing pitfalls in SCM in China. Classifying SC coordination, the paper analyzes and concludes each research result.
3. The problems that face SC coordination are analyzed, and on the basis of the case three strategic alternatives of SC coordination, which are “forming SC partnerships”, “adopting vertical integration” and “establishing incentive mechanism”, are presented, and each strategy is discussed particularly.
4. SC partnerships are divided into three types according to supply and demand patterns between SC members. Then the mathematic models of SC coordination under each of partnerships are built, and specific analysis and numerical study are executed respectively in the cases of coordination and non-coordination, and the beneficial conclusion is drawn.
5. How to accomplish SC coordination under elastic demand and stochastic demand
by common replenishment period as a mediator of SC coordination is presented and analyzed. In course of analyses, the corresponding mathematic models are built, the numerical study is executed and the beneficial conclusion is drawn.
6. The concept of performance measurement of SC coordination is given. A performance measurement index system of synthetic coordination of SC is established, and involved measures are quantified. Finally, the paper discusses methods of performance measurement of SC coordination and their applications.
本文在分析和总结大量国内外供应链管理研究成果的基础上，主要从供应链协调的战略选择、基于合作伙伴关系的供应链协调、基于共同补给期的供应链协调以及供应链协调的绩效评价4个方面对供应链管理中的协调问题进行了理论研究，并得出了一些有益的结论。本文的主要内容与创新点如下：
1.按照最近国内外对供应链管理研究内容的相近性、重要性，以及对供应链管理研究的理解，将供应链管理研究划分为10个研究领域，并对每个研究领域的主要成果等进行了阐述；提出了当前供应链管理研究存在的主要问题。
2.分析了供应链管理的基本思想，分别给出了供应链与供应链管理的定义；总结了供应链管理的关键要素以及我国目前供应链管理存在的误区；对供应链协调问题进行了分类，重点分析和归纳了每种供应链协调的研究成果。
3.分析了供应链协调所面临的问题，在此基础上提出了“形成SC合作伙伴关系”、“采用纵向一体化模式”和“建立激励机制”这3种供应链协调战略选择形式，并对每一种协调战略进行了详细论述。
4.根据供应链成员之间供需模式的不同，将供应链合作伙伴关系划分为3种类型，然后对每种合作伙伴关系下供应链协调问题建立了数学模型，分别就协调情形与非协调情形进行了详细分析与数值实验，得出了有益的结论。
5.提出和分析了以共同补给期作为供应链协调的调节手段时，在弹性需求和随机需求两种情形下如何实现供应链协调的问题。在分析过程中，建立了相应的数学模型，进行了数值实验分析，得出了有益的结论。
6.给出了供应链协调绩效评价的概念，初步建立了供应链综合协调绩效评价指标体系，并对涉及的评价指标进行了量化分析。最后，探讨了供应链协调绩效评价方法及其应用问题。
Supply chain management(SCM) has been a hot research field of academia since the nineties of the twentieth century. One of the important parts of SCM is to coordinate various links of a supply chain(SC) because it is a typical system and needs to be coordinated. Coordination is viewed as important means of SC’s firmness and operation and has attracted broad attention of academia. Deep analysis and systematic study on coordination in SCM are of great significance in theory and practice.
Based on analyzing and summarizing a large volume of domestic and foreign literature on SCM, the paper focuses on researching theoretically coordination in SCM from four aspects: strategic alternatives of SC coordination, SC coordination based on partnership, SC coordination based on common replenishment period and performance measurement of SC coordination, and arrives at some useful conclusions. The main points and innovations of the paper are as follows:
1. The research on SCM is divided into 10 research fields according to the similarity and importance of recent domestic and foreign literature on SCM and our comprehension to research on SCM. The paper illustrates each research result in each field and the prime existing problems of research on SCM are presented.
2. The basic idea of SCM is analyzed, and the definitions of SCM and SCM are given respectively. The paper summaries the key elements of SCM and the existing pitfalls in SCM in China. Classifying SC coordination, the paper analyzes and concludes each research result.
3. The problems that face SC coordination are analyzed, and on the basis of the case three strategic alternatives of SC coordination, which are “forming SC partnerships”, “adopting vertical integration” and “establishing incentive mechanism”, are presented, and each strategy is discussed particularly.
4. SC partnerships are divided into three types according to supply and demand patterns between SC members. Then the mathematic models of SC coordination under each of partnerships are built, and specific analysis and numerical study are executed respectively in the cases of coordination and non-coordination, and the beneficial conclusion is drawn.
5. How to accomplish SC coordination under elastic demand and stochastic demand
by common replenishment period as a mediator of SC coordination is presented and analyzed. In course of analyses, the corresponding mathematic models are built, the numerical study is executed and the beneficial conclusion is drawn.
6. The concept of performance measurement of SC coordination is given. A performance measurement index system of synthetic coordination of SC is established, and involved measures are quantified. Finally, the paper discusses methods of performance measurement of SC coordination and their applications.
引文
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