热湿独立处理空调系统的能耗模拟与实验研究
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摘要
当今社会,能源短缺和环境恶化已成为一个世界性问题。而在暖通空调领域,节能和环保成为国内外学者研究的重点。目前,传统制冷空调系统正面临着节能与环保、室内空气品质(IAQ)恶化、健康安全性等诸多自身难以克服问题的挑战。热湿独立处理空调系统正是在这一背景下提出的,其将去除房间显热负荷与潜热负荷的任务分开处理,实现温湿度的独立控制,从节能和环保的角度来满足室内温度、湿度和空气品质的要求,是一种新型的空调方式。
本文先对热湿联合处理、热湿独立处理两种室内环境控制策略进行了研究。重点探讨了热湿独立处理空调方式,研究了其空调系统中各组成装置的运行原理及其优缺点,接着从热力学角度分析了两种控制策略下空调系统的效率,并通过计算比较了热湿联合处理(冷凝除湿)的理想效率及热湿独立处理空调系统的理想效率,分析了热湿独立处理空调系统效率较高的原因。
在此基础上,对热湿独立处理空调系统进行了(火用)分析,建立了热湿独立处理主要空调设备的(火用)分析模型,重点分析了蒸发冷却制冷水的三种装置,探讨其(火用)效率的变化过程及原因;对三种热湿独立系统进行了总体的(火用)分析,研究其各装置(火用)效率,探讨系统中(火用)损失的主要环节,并对常规空调系统和热湿独立空调系统中的干式风盘/新风系统,冷凝除湿/辐射供冷系统进行了(火用)分析计算,比较了系统(火用)效率,得出热湿独立处理空调系统比常规的空调系统节能,但是由于热湿独立处理空调系统的设计方案和装置的节能性不同,不同的热湿独立系统相比于常规空调系统的节能程度有差别。
接着,本文用TRNSYS软件进行了热湿独立处理空调系统的热舒适性与能耗模拟,建立了以实验室空调房间为中心模块的干式风机盘管/独立新风系统,冷凝除湿/辐射供冷系统,转轮除湿/辐射供冷系统模型,研究了其在最热月下的系统运行情况和房间内的热湿环境,并进一步对三种系统进行了能耗分析,探讨其耗能的主要环节。另外还对设计的实验系统进行了模拟,为实验研究打下了理论基础。
最后,在模拟研究的基础上设计和建立了风机盘管/辐射供冷热湿独立处理空调系统,并进行了实验研究。探讨了辐射板位置和供水温度对房间垂直温度分布的影响;研究了结露现象出现的条件,提出了防结露的措施;分析了运用辐射板时辐射换热与对流换热的比例以及风机盘管与辐射板承担负荷的匹配关系。实验表明运用预除湿的方法可有效避免结露的产生;房间的热湿状态符合人体舒适要求时,辐射板承担了60%的室内冷负荷。
Now the society, the shortage of the energy and the worsening of the environment have become a worldwide question. In the field of HVAC system, the applications of energy- saving and environmental protection technology have become the key points at home and abroad. Nowadays, the traditional refrigeration air-conditioning systems are facing a lot of questions and challenges, which aren’t solved by themselves, for example, energy-saving and environmental protection, deterioration of indoor air quality, health and safety of people, and so on. Heat and humidity independent control air conditioning system is established under this background, wipes off the sensible load and latent load separately, realizes the temperature and humidity independent control, meets the temperature, humidity, IAQ request according to the energy saving and environmentalism aspect, it is a new air-conditioning way.
The paper studies the two room environment control strategies which are heat and humidity joint treatment and heat and humidity independent treatment discusses the principle of heat and humidity independent control air conditioning system on the base of system summary, studies the running principle; strongpoint and shortcoming of constitute equipment. Then analyses air-conditioning system efficiency from the view of thermodynamics, compares the ideal efficiency of cooling dehumidification system and heat and humidity independent control air-conditioning system by way of calculation, studies the causes of high efficiency of the later system.
On the foundation of this, the paper carries exergy analysis of heat and humidity independent control air-conditioning system, establishes air-conditioning equipment exergy analysis models from the balanced equation about this system, analyses evaporative cooling cold water maker from original to improved respectively, discusses the changes and courses about exergy efficiency. Then carries the exergy analyses about dry fan coil/fresh air system, cooling dehumidification/radiant cooling system, liquid dehumidification/radiant cooling system, studies the exergy efficiency of each device, discusses the main factors of exergy losing. Then the paper takes exergy calculation of common air-conditioning system and dry fan coil/fresh air system and cooling dehumidification/radiant cooling system, compares the whole systems' exergy efficiency, takes the conclusion that heat and humidity independent air conditioning system are always energy saving more than common air conditioning system, the degree depends on the whole system’s design process and devices' energy saving degree.
Then, this paper establishes the simulation systems using the software of TRNSYS, simulates the dry fan coil/fresh air system, cooling dehumidification/radiant cooling system, rotate wheel dehumidification/radiant cooling system with the lab room as the center component. Then studies these systems running and room's heat-humidity circumstances, analyses the three systems energy consumption so that find the energy consume main part. Besides, models the experiment project, gains the perfect heat and humidity circumstance and provides the foundation for experimental study later.
Finally, the author experiments the reconstructive fan coil/radiant cooling system according to fact. Discusses the room overall temperature and gradient temperature in different water temperatures and radiant boards, studies the condition of appearing condensation phenomena and measures to avoid condensation; discusses the proportion of radiant heat exchange and convection heat exchange using radiant cooling, imposes the water parameters of fan coil and radiant board, studies both parameters. The experiment indicates that beforehand dehumidification can avoid condensation and when room's heat humidity circumstance is fine the radiant board bears the 60% room cooling load.
本文先对热湿联合处理、热湿独立处理两种室内环境控制策略进行了研究。重点探讨了热湿独立处理空调方式,研究了其空调系统中各组成装置的运行原理及其优缺点,接着从热力学角度分析了两种控制策略下空调系统的效率,并通过计算比较了热湿联合处理(冷凝除湿)的理想效率及热湿独立处理空调系统的理想效率,分析了热湿独立处理空调系统效率较高的原因。
在此基础上,对热湿独立处理空调系统进行了(火用)分析,建立了热湿独立处理主要空调设备的(火用)分析模型,重点分析了蒸发冷却制冷水的三种装置,探讨其(火用)效率的变化过程及原因;对三种热湿独立系统进行了总体的(火用)分析,研究其各装置(火用)效率,探讨系统中(火用)损失的主要环节,并对常规空调系统和热湿独立空调系统中的干式风盘/新风系统,冷凝除湿/辐射供冷系统进行了(火用)分析计算,比较了系统(火用)效率,得出热湿独立处理空调系统比常规的空调系统节能,但是由于热湿独立处理空调系统的设计方案和装置的节能性不同,不同的热湿独立系统相比于常规空调系统的节能程度有差别。
接着,本文用TRNSYS软件进行了热湿独立处理空调系统的热舒适性与能耗模拟,建立了以实验室空调房间为中心模块的干式风机盘管/独立新风系统,冷凝除湿/辐射供冷系统,转轮除湿/辐射供冷系统模型,研究了其在最热月下的系统运行情况和房间内的热湿环境,并进一步对三种系统进行了能耗分析,探讨其耗能的主要环节。另外还对设计的实验系统进行了模拟,为实验研究打下了理论基础。
最后,在模拟研究的基础上设计和建立了风机盘管/辐射供冷热湿独立处理空调系统,并进行了实验研究。探讨了辐射板位置和供水温度对房间垂直温度分布的影响;研究了结露现象出现的条件,提出了防结露的措施;分析了运用辐射板时辐射换热与对流换热的比例以及风机盘管与辐射板承担负荷的匹配关系。实验表明运用预除湿的方法可有效避免结露的产生;房间的热湿状态符合人体舒适要求时,辐射板承担了60%的室内冷负荷。
Now the society, the shortage of the energy and the worsening of the environment have become a worldwide question. In the field of HVAC system, the applications of energy- saving and environmental protection technology have become the key points at home and abroad. Nowadays, the traditional refrigeration air-conditioning systems are facing a lot of questions and challenges, which aren’t solved by themselves, for example, energy-saving and environmental protection, deterioration of indoor air quality, health and safety of people, and so on. Heat and humidity independent control air conditioning system is established under this background, wipes off the sensible load and latent load separately, realizes the temperature and humidity independent control, meets the temperature, humidity, IAQ request according to the energy saving and environmentalism aspect, it is a new air-conditioning way.
The paper studies the two room environment control strategies which are heat and humidity joint treatment and heat and humidity independent treatment discusses the principle of heat and humidity independent control air conditioning system on the base of system summary, studies the running principle; strongpoint and shortcoming of constitute equipment. Then analyses air-conditioning system efficiency from the view of thermodynamics, compares the ideal efficiency of cooling dehumidification system and heat and humidity independent control air-conditioning system by way of calculation, studies the causes of high efficiency of the later system.
On the foundation of this, the paper carries exergy analysis of heat and humidity independent control air-conditioning system, establishes air-conditioning equipment exergy analysis models from the balanced equation about this system, analyses evaporative cooling cold water maker from original to improved respectively, discusses the changes and courses about exergy efficiency. Then carries the exergy analyses about dry fan coil/fresh air system, cooling dehumidification/radiant cooling system, liquid dehumidification/radiant cooling system, studies the exergy efficiency of each device, discusses the main factors of exergy losing. Then the paper takes exergy calculation of common air-conditioning system and dry fan coil/fresh air system and cooling dehumidification/radiant cooling system, compares the whole systems' exergy efficiency, takes the conclusion that heat and humidity independent air conditioning system are always energy saving more than common air conditioning system, the degree depends on the whole system’s design process and devices' energy saving degree.
Then, this paper establishes the simulation systems using the software of TRNSYS, simulates the dry fan coil/fresh air system, cooling dehumidification/radiant cooling system, rotate wheel dehumidification/radiant cooling system with the lab room as the center component. Then studies these systems running and room's heat-humidity circumstances, analyses the three systems energy consumption so that find the energy consume main part. Besides, models the experiment project, gains the perfect heat and humidity circumstance and provides the foundation for experimental study later.
Finally, the author experiments the reconstructive fan coil/radiant cooling system according to fact. Discusses the room overall temperature and gradient temperature in different water temperatures and radiant boards, studies the condition of appearing condensation phenomena and measures to avoid condensation; discusses the proportion of radiant heat exchange and convection heat exchange using radiant cooling, imposes the water parameters of fan coil and radiant board, studies both parameters. The experiment indicates that beforehand dehumidification can avoid condensation and when room's heat humidity circumstance is fine the radiant board bears the 60% room cooling load.
引文
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