直流母线下多逆变器负载局域电力系统的研究
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摘要
在传统的多逆变器负载交流调速系统中,拖动电机直接由三相电网供电,每台电机因此都需要单独配备一套变频调速装置,造成系统的成本过高,谐波含量增大,同时制动电阻在回馈状态运行时能源消耗严重。
本文研究的是一种新型的公共直流母线的供电方案,它对电能资源做出了两点改善,首先电机回馈时所产生的能量可以被其他工作在电动状态的电机吸收,优化了电能资源的分配：其次若各台电机均已获得足够的能量,多余的回馈电能则通过回馈装置反馈到电网,因而不会产生资源的浪费。
由于全控型整流器具有高功率因素、低电流谐波、动态响应快、电能可逆等优点,因此非常适合用作公共直流母线的AC／DC电源变换装置。通常全控型整流器采用SPWM控制策略,但SVPWM具有比SPWM更好的动态性能和电压利用率,所以本文采用的是空间电压矢量(SVPWM)控制策略,此策略使整流系统具备能量双向流动的优势,由于省去了回馈装置,系统的结构得到了简化。
论文介绍了电压型PWM整流器的工作原理与结构；系统阐述了SVPWM控制策略的实现方法；分析了公共直流母线系统的动态响应过程；对局域负载进行了负荷的计算。在此基础上应用MATLAB软件分别构建了它们的数学模型并进行了封装,建立了基于直流母线下的局域电力系统仿真模型,模拟公共直流母线的动态响应过程,并对仿真结果做出了合理分析。
本文以TI公司生产的TMS320F2812开发板为核心,完成了全控型PWM整流器的小功率样机系统。该系统硬件电路包括主电路(IGBT驱动电路)及控制电路(三相电压／电流检测、过流保护、过零检测、锁相环、直流电压检测电路),且对各器件进行选型。实验结果表明,基于SVPWM策略的全控型PWM整流器对公共直流母线具有较强的鲁棒性能。
In traditional AC governor system with multi-inverter load, drive motor is directly supplied by the 3-phase network. Therefore, each motor should be equipped with a set of frequency control device separately. This increases the cost of the system and the high harmonic content, while the energy consumption caused by the braking resistors under the feedback working condition is large.
This paper introduces a new program of common DC bus power supply. The program can improve the electric power in two aspects. First, the electric energy generated by the motor under the feedback condition can be absorbed by the motors under the drive condition, optimizing the allocation of energy resources; Second, if the motors get sufficient energy already, the excess electric energy can feed back to the 3-phase network through the feedback device, avoiding the waste of resources.
As the full-controlled rectifier shows high power factor, low current harmonics, fast dynamic response, and reversible power supply, it can act well as the AC/DC power conversion device in public DC bus. All-controlled rectifier is usually controlled by SPWM strategy, but SVPWM has the better dynamic performance and voltage utilization than the SPWM. Therefore, the SVPWM control strategy is adopted by my paper. This strategy makes rectifier system with the advantages of two-way flow of energy. Eliminating the feedback device, the system's structure has been simplified.
In this paper, the working principle and the structure of the voltage PWM rectifier is expounded; the implementation of SVPWM control strategy is systematically expounded; the dynamic response process of the public DC bus system is analyzed; the local load capacity is calculated. On this basis, under the application of MATLAB software, the mathematical model and the package are constructed. Local power system simulation model under DC bus is set up. The process of the dynamic response of public DC bus is simulated. Finally a reasonable simulation results is given.
In this paper, with TI TMS320F2812 development board as the core, the full-controlled PWM rectifier of low-power prototype system is completed. The system hardware includes the main circuit (IGBT drive circuit), and control circuit (phase voltage/current detection, over-current protection, zero detection, phase-locked loop, the DC voltage detection circuit). The model numbers of the devices are selected. Experimental results show that the PWM rectifier under SVPWM strategy acts full control of the Common DC bus with good robust performance.
本文研究的是一种新型的公共直流母线的供电方案,它对电能资源做出了两点改善,首先电机回馈时所产生的能量可以被其他工作在电动状态的电机吸收,优化了电能资源的分配：其次若各台电机均已获得足够的能量,多余的回馈电能则通过回馈装置反馈到电网,因而不会产生资源的浪费。
由于全控型整流器具有高功率因素、低电流谐波、动态响应快、电能可逆等优点,因此非常适合用作公共直流母线的AC／DC电源变换装置。通常全控型整流器采用SPWM控制策略,但SVPWM具有比SPWM更好的动态性能和电压利用率,所以本文采用的是空间电压矢量(SVPWM)控制策略,此策略使整流系统具备能量双向流动的优势,由于省去了回馈装置,系统的结构得到了简化。
论文介绍了电压型PWM整流器的工作原理与结构；系统阐述了SVPWM控制策略的实现方法；分析了公共直流母线系统的动态响应过程；对局域负载进行了负荷的计算。在此基础上应用MATLAB软件分别构建了它们的数学模型并进行了封装,建立了基于直流母线下的局域电力系统仿真模型,模拟公共直流母线的动态响应过程,并对仿真结果做出了合理分析。
本文以TI公司生产的TMS320F2812开发板为核心,完成了全控型PWM整流器的小功率样机系统。该系统硬件电路包括主电路(IGBT驱动电路)及控制电路(三相电压／电流检测、过流保护、过零检测、锁相环、直流电压检测电路),且对各器件进行选型。实验结果表明,基于SVPWM策略的全控型PWM整流器对公共直流母线具有较强的鲁棒性能。
In traditional AC governor system with multi-inverter load, drive motor is directly supplied by the 3-phase network. Therefore, each motor should be equipped with a set of frequency control device separately. This increases the cost of the system and the high harmonic content, while the energy consumption caused by the braking resistors under the feedback working condition is large.
This paper introduces a new program of common DC bus power supply. The program can improve the electric power in two aspects. First, the electric energy generated by the motor under the feedback condition can be absorbed by the motors under the drive condition, optimizing the allocation of energy resources; Second, if the motors get sufficient energy already, the excess electric energy can feed back to the 3-phase network through the feedback device, avoiding the waste of resources.
As the full-controlled rectifier shows high power factor, low current harmonics, fast dynamic response, and reversible power supply, it can act well as the AC/DC power conversion device in public DC bus. All-controlled rectifier is usually controlled by SPWM strategy, but SVPWM has the better dynamic performance and voltage utilization than the SPWM. Therefore, the SVPWM control strategy is adopted by my paper. This strategy makes rectifier system with the advantages of two-way flow of energy. Eliminating the feedback device, the system's structure has been simplified.
In this paper, the working principle and the structure of the voltage PWM rectifier is expounded; the implementation of SVPWM control strategy is systematically expounded; the dynamic response process of the public DC bus system is analyzed; the local load capacity is calculated. On this basis, under the application of MATLAB software, the mathematical model and the package are constructed. Local power system simulation model under DC bus is set up. The process of the dynamic response of public DC bus is simulated. Finally a reasonable simulation results is given.
In this paper, with TI TMS320F2812 development board as the core, the full-controlled PWM rectifier of low-power prototype system is completed. The system hardware includes the main circuit (IGBT drive circuit), and control circuit (phase voltage/current detection, over-current protection, zero detection, phase-locked loop, the DC voltage detection circuit). The model numbers of the devices are selected. Experimental results show that the PWM rectifier under SVPWM strategy acts full control of the Common DC bus with good robust performance.
引文
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[31]T. Kataoka, Y. Fuse, D. Nakajima, S. Nishikata, "A three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier with the function of an active power filter", Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,2000. Eighth International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No.475) 18-19 Sept.2000, pp:386-391.
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[2]孟彦京,葛保华.公共直流母线技术在纸机交流变频传动中的应用.中国造纸,2005年第24卷第7期.
[3]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制.北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[4]李潮泳.基于电压空间矢量调制的单位功率因数三相整流器的研究：(研究生学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,2003.6.
[5]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统．北京：机械工业出版社,2006.9.
[6]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究：(博士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2003.
[7]黄罡,罗隆福,王平畅.基于SVPWM控制技术的三相电压型整流器及其应用.电气开关,2007.No.1.
[8]白献刚,夏乃学,贡俊鹏,熊彦梅.通用变频器共直流母线在离心机上的应用.变频器世界,2010.3.
[9]丛望,郭镇明.电机学.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005.1.
[10]李春杰,李旭春.一种改进的直接转矩控制系统定子磁链观测方法.电机与控制应用,2006,33(6)：32-33.
[11]吴志良,王伟.港口供电及自动化系统.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2003.6.
[12]尚小宝.基于空间电压矢量控制高功率因数整流器的研究：(硕士学位论文).西安理工大学,2006.3.
[13]乔冠梁,丁远翔,丁学文.IGBT模块的一种驱动方法.中国传动网.
[14]周志敏,周级海,纪爱华.IGBT和IPM及其应用电路.北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.3.
[15]蔡锦福.运算放大器原理与应用.北京：科学出版社,2005.
[16]刘恩山,卢光华.霍尔传感器的应用.仪表技术与传感器,1993年第三期.
[17]孙丽明.TMS320F2812原理及其C语言程序开发.北京：清华大学出版社,2008.12.
[18]TI.F2810, F2811, and F2812 ADC Calibration. Application Report, SPRA989A-November 2004
[19]TMS320C54XCode Composer Studio Tutorial. Literature Number:SPRU327C February 2OOO.Texas Instruments Incorporated.
[20]Code Composer Studio Getting Started Guide. Literature Number:SPRU509C November 2001. Texas Instruments Incorporated.
[21]B.T. Ooi, J.C. Salmon, J.W. Dixon, "A three phase controlled current PWM converter with leading power factor," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications,1987,IA23, pp.78-84.
[22]R. Wu, S.B. Dewan, and GR. Slemon. "A PWM AC-to-DC Converter with Fixed Switching Frequency," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol.2b, No.5,1990, pp880-885.
[23]伍超.三相三电平PWM整流装置控制策略的研究：(硕士学位论文).西安理工大学,2008.3.
[24]Bose B K.Power Electronics and AC. Drives. Prentice Hall,1986.
[25]王旭,黄凯征,阎士杰,张华光.矢量控制PWM整流器的建模与仿真.电气传动,2009年第39卷第2期.
[26]王万新.公共直流母线在交流传动中的应用.电气传动,2002年第5期.
[27]阳勇,熊会.光电耦合器在电源技术中的应用.1006-6977(2002)05-0067-04.
[28]范大庭,孟彦京.公共直流母线供电电源的设计与应用.中国造纸,2009年第28卷第2期.
[29]J.W. Dixon, and B.T. Ooi, "Indirect current control of a unity power factor sinusoidal current boost type three-phase rectifier," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, Vol.35, No.4, November 1988,pp.508-515.
[30]R. Wu, S.B. Dewan, and G.R. Slemon, "Analysis of an ac-to-dc Voltage Source Converter Using PWM with Phase and Amplitude Control," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol.27, No.2, March/April,1991,pp.355-364.
[31]T. Kataoka, Y. Fuse, D. Nakajima, S. Nishikata, "A three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier with the function of an active power filter", Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,2000. Eighth International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No.475) 18-19 Sept.2000, pp:386-391.
[32]T. Shimizu, T. Fujita, G Kimura, J. Hirose, "A unity power factor PWM rectifier with DC ripple compensation", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.44, No.4, Aug.1997, pp:447-455.
[33]K. Iimori, K. Shinohara, K. Yamamoto, "A study of dead-time of PWM rectifier of voltage-source inverter without DC link components and its operating characteristics of induction motor "Industry Applications Conference.2004.39th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Vol.3,3-7 Oct.2004 Page(s):1638-1645 vol.3.
[34]H. Komurcugil, O. Kukrer, "Lyapunov based control for three-phase PWMAC/DC voltage source converters," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol.13, No.5,1998, pp.801-813.
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