金刚石磨料的模拟选形与分级
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摘要
为适应金刚石企业磨料检测工序的需要,研究金刚石磨料的图像特征参数与强度之间的内在联系,使用模拟选形与分级的方法对金刚石磨料进行分选,将模拟选形结果与金刚石生产中的实际分选结果相比较,研究该方法的可操作性和分选结果的准确度。为实现以上研究目标,使用自动静压强度仪检测了静压强度、使用冲击强度仪检测了冲击强度和热冲击强度,使用DiaInspect.OSM系统对金刚石进行了图像分析,对实验数据分别进行处理。根据实验结果,将扫描出的主要形貌参数与主要性能指标热冲击强度拟合成相应的线性函数。结果表明,这种检测方法具有独特的优势,不需要使用粒度分析仪、筛网和光学显微镜,就可以精确而快速地检测出金刚石磨料的椭圆度、透光度、粗糙度等各项性能参数。该检测方法可以代替实际检测中大量的破坏性实验。通过扫描参数分析,结合数值分析的方法,可得到其热冲击强度值。从热冲击强度方面初步判定该料的质量等级范围,然后进行三维模拟选形与分级,可以最终判定磨料的品级。在各图像分析参数中,透光度、椭圆度对金刚石的使用性能影响最大,二者与热冲击强度之间的相关性最为显著,当透光度越大、椭圆度越小时,金刚石的质量越好。模拟选形在金刚石磨料分选过程中具有现实意义,可以辅助实际分选工作:在实际分选之前,模拟选形可以代替实际分选操作对样品品级进行预测;在实际分选之后,模拟选形可以对分选结果进行检验,发现分选工作中可能出现的偏差。这样可以节省大量的人力物力资源,具有经济效益。
In order to satisfy the need of abrasive testing process in diamond enterprise, the intrinsic relation between the image parameters and the thermal impact strength of diamond abrasives was studied . Using the method of simulative shape selection and grading sort diamond abrasives.The result of simulative shape selection was compared with the result of actual shape selection in the diamond production, the operability of the method and accuracy of the sorting results were studied through experiments. To achieve the above research aim,The static compressive strength was measured by using automatic compressive strength tester. The impact strength tester was used to test toughness index and the thermal toughness index,the DiaInpect.OSM system was used to analyse the image of the scanned diamond.Experimental datas were processed respectively. According to the testing result ,the corresponding linear function was fitted with the main scanned morphology parameters and the main performance index thermal toughness index.The result shows that this test method has unique advantage which can get performance parameters of diamond abrasives accurately and quickly without using the granularity analyzer, the strainer and the optical microscope .The parameters contain elliptic, arealight, roughness and so on. This testing method can replace massive destructive experiments in the actual test to get their TTI value by analyzing the scanning parameters combined with the calculated function datas.So its quality was judged initially.And then the three-dimensional virtual selection and grading was carried on to finally judge the grade of the abrasives. In various image analysis parameters, arealight and elliptic are the greatest influence factors on the diamond operational performance,the both has the most notable correlation with the thermal toughness index . The greater the arealight and the smaller the elliptic, the better the quality of diamond. Simulative shape selection has reality significance in the process of diamond abrasive selection, it can support the actual sorting work. Before the actual selection ,it can replace the actual selection to forecast the sample grade.After actual selection and grading ,it can check up the result to find the possible error. This method can save a lot of manpower and material resources ,it has economic benefit.
In order to satisfy the need of abrasive testing process in diamond enterprise, the intrinsic relation between the image parameters and the thermal impact strength of diamond abrasives was studied . Using the method of simulative shape selection and grading sort diamond abrasives.The result of simulative shape selection was compared with the result of actual shape selection in the diamond production, the operability of the method and accuracy of the sorting results were studied through experiments. To achieve the above research aim,The static compressive strength was measured by using automatic compressive strength tester. The impact strength tester was used to test toughness index and the thermal toughness index,the DiaInpect.OSM system was used to analyse the image of the scanned diamond.Experimental datas were processed respectively. According to the testing result ,the corresponding linear function was fitted with the main scanned morphology parameters and the main performance index thermal toughness index.The result shows that this test method has unique advantage which can get performance parameters of diamond abrasives accurately and quickly without using the granularity analyzer, the strainer and the optical microscope .The parameters contain elliptic, arealight, roughness and so on. This testing method can replace massive destructive experiments in the actual test to get their TTI value by analyzing the scanning parameters combined with the calculated function datas.So its quality was judged initially.And then the three-dimensional virtual selection and grading was carried on to finally judge the grade of the abrasives. In various image analysis parameters, arealight and elliptic are the greatest influence factors on the diamond operational performance,the both has the most notable correlation with the thermal toughness index . The greater the arealight and the smaller the elliptic, the better the quality of diamond. Simulative shape selection has reality significance in the process of diamond abrasive selection, it can support the actual sorting work. Before the actual selection ,it can replace the actual selection to forecast the sample grade.After actual selection and grading ,it can check up the result to find the possible error. This method can save a lot of manpower and material resources ,it has economic benefit.
引文
[1]王秦生.超硬材料及制品[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社, 2006:3-16,133-162.
[2]王光祖.人造金刚石探秘[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.6.
[3]李志宏.中国超硬材料发展四十年展望[J]第四届国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2002:1-21.
[4] Jean Pierre Petitet. Recent Trends in Super-hard Materials Science and Technology[J].СверxtверtыеМаtериалы. 2001 (6) : 3.
[5] Heiner Vollstaedtv.超硬磨料的质量控制[J].第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003:222-226.
[6]陈涛,巫翔.合成金刚石的同步辐射劳埃形貌相研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2004,6(1):13-16.
[7] H.G.Schmid.Fast Qualitly Contronl of Diamond and other Particles.presentted at Euro PM 2002.
[8]孙佩钦,李文媛.国内外人造金刚石主要检测标准对比[J].工业金刚石,1999,4:34-36.
[9]岳崇杰,刘海洲,杨宗庆.谈谈人造金刚石的强度问题[J].第8届全国超硬研讨会论文集,2000,3:85-91.
[10]熊湘君陈启武等.金刚石热稳定性研究[J].地质与勘探, 1999,35(3) 62-65
[11]王适.金刚石热稳定性研究现状分析[J].金刚石磨料磨具工程, 2001, 58(125) :36-39.
[12]姜伟,杨缤维,鲁伟员,姚勇,等.两面顶金刚石单晶耐热性分析[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2005,148(4):50-58.
[13]臧建兵,王焕新.冲击试验后金刚石样品的分类与表征[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001.6(126):9-11.
[14]黄漫,赵同春,罗锡裕.金刚石冲击强度及其影响因素[J].粉末冶金工业, 2003, 13(6):1-7.
[15]徐涌宏,耿直,田松乔.CYRL-1形金刚石加热管式炉的研制[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2002.3(129):25-31.
[16] Vollstadt H, List E. Controlling the Stability of the Properties of Super-abrasive powders [C]. 4th Zhengzhou International Super-hard Materials and Related Products Conference Proceedings. China Machine Press.2003. 08: 431-438.
[17]刘一波,姚炯彬,赵刚,陈哲.国产与国外高品级金刚石性能对比实验[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程:2006:152(2):34-38.
[18]李颖.金刚石磨料性能检测方法的研究[J].中国超硬材料,2001.4:12-17
[19] H.G.Schmid. Diamond Characterization Using Quantiative Image Analysis[J] . Proceedings of Diamond,1998,55-61.
[20]王光祖.工业金刚石. 2000, 2.
[21]章兼植.对金刚石强度测定方法的分析[J].超硬材料与宝石,2002,14(3):5-8.
[22]臧建兵,王焕新.冲击试验中金刚石受力情况分析[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,5(125):25-26.
[23] Neville G..Belling.脆性测定与金刚石强度的回顾[J].第8届超硬研讨会论文集,2000.3:74-84.
[24] Bex,P.A.,Shafto.G.R.The influence of temperature and heating time on PCD Performance[P].Industrial Diamond Review,1984.3:128–132.
[25]蔡增伸,蒋政,王从贤,王海勇.测定金刚石膜断裂强度及断裂韧性的力控制法研究[J].实验力学,2001,16(1):100-104.
[26]赵建强,姚素芬.金刚石强度自动测试系统[J].新工艺新技术,1998,6:4-6.
[27]张祖培,李国民,孙友宏,马保松.DFZY形金刚石单晶及复合片冲击破碎能测定仪[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,14-15.
[28]韩志华,刘景丰.关于人造金刚石冲击韧性的探讨[J].《金刚石与磨料磨具工程》,1998,1(103):16-17.
[29]李素,王光祖.高温高压下的纳米多晶金刚石的烧结及其特性的研究[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001.3(123):39-42.
[30] A Pentlantral.Content-based manipulation of image databases[J].International Journal of Computer Vision.1996:18(3):233-254.
[31]唐存印.金刚石颗粒直径的测试技术[J].第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003,227-231.
[32]张世良,王明智,邢广忠.DiaShape系统中金刚石晶体纯净度定义的讨论[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2004,141(3):17-20.
[33] H.G.Schmid.Image Analysis for Qualitly Contronl of Diamond[J].Proceedings of Diamond,1999,11-18.
[34]向震泽,陈伟恩.金刚石形貌电脑检测系统的研究与应用[J].第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003,217-221.
[35] Y.J.Ke. Applications of the DiaInspect System on Diamond Quality Control[J].Diamond & Abrasives Engineering.2005.4:20-24.
[36]黄祥芬等,金刚石晶体形态及测试,第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003 , 232-235.
[37]方啸虎,金刚石形貌电脑检测系统的研究与应用,中国超硬材料新技术与进展,安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,2003:289-298.
[38] A.A.Kanaev ,A.E.Gorodetskii. Formation of the crystal structure of the surface of ruby under the effect of surface-active media in diamond polishing[J]. Glass and Ceramics.2007,64(1-2): 66-67.
[39] A. V. Elyutin, A. A. Ermolaev, A. I. Laptev. The effect of boron on the thermal stability of polycrystalline carbonado diamonds[J]. Doklady Physics, 2002,47(9): 651-653.
[40] S. K. Mamonov and A. S. Matyushkin. Surface Diamond-Abrasive Grinding of Glass with Tools Based on Plate Elements: Fine Grinding[J]. Glass and Ceramics.2005, 62(7-8): 255-257.
[41] A.M.Kozlov,A.A.Kozlov.Shaping the surface topology of cylindrical components by means of an abrasive tool [J]. Russian Engineering Research. 2009,29(7): 743-746.
[42] A.V.Popov. Influence of metallic filler on the wear of diamond wheels with organic binder [J]. Russian Engineering Research. 2008,28(11): 1101-1103.
[43] Fu Zhi-Jian,Chen Xiang Rong, First-Principle Calculations for Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Diamond[J].Communications In Theoretical Physics. 2009, 51(6):1129-1134.
[44] KIT Gillet,China's Diamond Industry Retains its Sparkle[J].China International Business.2009,5:32-35.
[45] Zi Qian Huang,Bo Xian.Thermal residual stress analysis of coated diamond grits[J].International Journal of Minarals,Metallurgy and Materials. 2009, 16(2): 215-219.
[46] Xu Xi-peng; Li Yuan.Quantitative Analysis of the Loads Acting on the Abrasive Grits in the Diamond Sawing of Granites[J].Journal of XiaMen University(Natural Science).2002,S1:121-122.
[47] Dai Qiu-lian; Luo Can-ben .Effects of Rare Earth and Hot Pressing Sintering Temperature on the Transverse Rupture Strength of Fe-based Diamond Composites[J].Joural of XiaMen University(Natural Science).2002,S1:76-77.
[48] Chen Ming; Hu Bin. Development of Diamond-Coated Drills[J]. Joural of XiaMen University(Natural Science).2002,S1:59-60.
[49] Yu.D.Filatov.V.I.Sidorko. Surface roughness in diamond abrasive finishing[J] . Journal of Superhard Materials.2009,31(3):191-195.
[50] N.V.Novikov. O.A. Rozenberg. Finish diamond machining of ceramic femoral heads[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2005, 25(3-4): 244-247.
[2]王光祖.人造金刚石探秘[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.6.
[3]李志宏.中国超硬材料发展四十年展望[J]第四届国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2002:1-21.
[4] Jean Pierre Petitet. Recent Trends in Super-hard Materials Science and Technology[J].СверxtверtыеМаtериалы. 2001 (6) : 3.
[5] Heiner Vollstaedtv.超硬磨料的质量控制[J].第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003:222-226.
[6]陈涛,巫翔.合成金刚石的同步辐射劳埃形貌相研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2004,6(1):13-16.
[7] H.G.Schmid.Fast Qualitly Contronl of Diamond and other Particles.presentted at Euro PM 2002.
[8]孙佩钦,李文媛.国内外人造金刚石主要检测标准对比[J].工业金刚石,1999,4:34-36.
[9]岳崇杰,刘海洲,杨宗庆.谈谈人造金刚石的强度问题[J].第8届全国超硬研讨会论文集,2000,3:85-91.
[10]熊湘君陈启武等.金刚石热稳定性研究[J].地质与勘探, 1999,35(3) 62-65
[11]王适.金刚石热稳定性研究现状分析[J].金刚石磨料磨具工程, 2001, 58(125) :36-39.
[12]姜伟,杨缤维,鲁伟员,姚勇,等.两面顶金刚石单晶耐热性分析[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2005,148(4):50-58.
[13]臧建兵,王焕新.冲击试验后金刚石样品的分类与表征[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001.6(126):9-11.
[14]黄漫,赵同春,罗锡裕.金刚石冲击强度及其影响因素[J].粉末冶金工业, 2003, 13(6):1-7.
[15]徐涌宏,耿直,田松乔.CYRL-1形金刚石加热管式炉的研制[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2002.3(129):25-31.
[16] Vollstadt H, List E. Controlling the Stability of the Properties of Super-abrasive powders [C]. 4th Zhengzhou International Super-hard Materials and Related Products Conference Proceedings. China Machine Press.2003. 08: 431-438.
[17]刘一波,姚炯彬,赵刚,陈哲.国产与国外高品级金刚石性能对比实验[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程:2006:152(2):34-38.
[18]李颖.金刚石磨料性能检测方法的研究[J].中国超硬材料,2001.4:12-17
[19] H.G.Schmid. Diamond Characterization Using Quantiative Image Analysis[J] . Proceedings of Diamond,1998,55-61.
[20]王光祖.工业金刚石. 2000, 2.
[21]章兼植.对金刚石强度测定方法的分析[J].超硬材料与宝石,2002,14(3):5-8.
[22]臧建兵,王焕新.冲击试验中金刚石受力情况分析[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,5(125):25-26.
[23] Neville G..Belling.脆性测定与金刚石强度的回顾[J].第8届超硬研讨会论文集,2000.3:74-84.
[24] Bex,P.A.,Shafto.G.R.The influence of temperature and heating time on PCD Performance[P].Industrial Diamond Review,1984.3:128–132.
[25]蔡增伸,蒋政,王从贤,王海勇.测定金刚石膜断裂强度及断裂韧性的力控制法研究[J].实验力学,2001,16(1):100-104.
[26]赵建强,姚素芬.金刚石强度自动测试系统[J].新工艺新技术,1998,6:4-6.
[27]张祖培,李国民,孙友宏,马保松.DFZY形金刚石单晶及复合片冲击破碎能测定仪[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,14-15.
[28]韩志华,刘景丰.关于人造金刚石冲击韧性的探讨[J].《金刚石与磨料磨具工程》,1998,1(103):16-17.
[29]李素,王光祖.高温高压下的纳米多晶金刚石的烧结及其特性的研究[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001.3(123):39-42.
[30] A Pentlantral.Content-based manipulation of image databases[J].International Journal of Computer Vision.1996:18(3):233-254.
[31]唐存印.金刚石颗粒直径的测试技术[J].第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003,227-231.
[32]张世良,王明智,邢广忠.DiaShape系统中金刚石晶体纯净度定义的讨论[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2004,141(3):17-20.
[33] H.G.Schmid.Image Analysis for Qualitly Contronl of Diamond[J].Proceedings of Diamond,1999,11-18.
[34]向震泽,陈伟恩.金刚石形貌电脑检测系统的研究与应用[J].第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003,217-221.
[35] Y.J.Ke. Applications of the DiaInspect System on Diamond Quality Control[J].Diamond & Abrasives Engineering.2005.4:20-24.
[36]黄祥芬等,金刚石晶体形态及测试,第四届郑州国际超硬材料及制品研讨会论文集,2003 , 232-235.
[37]方啸虎,金刚石形貌电脑检测系统的研究与应用,中国超硬材料新技术与进展,安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,2003:289-298.
[38] A.A.Kanaev ,A.E.Gorodetskii. Formation of the crystal structure of the surface of ruby under the effect of surface-active media in diamond polishing[J]. Glass and Ceramics.2007,64(1-2): 66-67.
[39] A. V. Elyutin, A. A. Ermolaev, A. I. Laptev. The effect of boron on the thermal stability of polycrystalline carbonado diamonds[J]. Doklady Physics, 2002,47(9): 651-653.
[40] S. K. Mamonov and A. S. Matyushkin. Surface Diamond-Abrasive Grinding of Glass with Tools Based on Plate Elements: Fine Grinding[J]. Glass and Ceramics.2005, 62(7-8): 255-257.
[41] A.M.Kozlov,A.A.Kozlov.Shaping the surface topology of cylindrical components by means of an abrasive tool [J]. Russian Engineering Research. 2009,29(7): 743-746.
[42] A.V.Popov. Influence of metallic filler on the wear of diamond wheels with organic binder [J]. Russian Engineering Research. 2008,28(11): 1101-1103.
[43] Fu Zhi-Jian,Chen Xiang Rong, First-Principle Calculations for Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Diamond[J].Communications In Theoretical Physics. 2009, 51(6):1129-1134.
[44] KIT Gillet,China's Diamond Industry Retains its Sparkle[J].China International Business.2009,5:32-35.
[45] Zi Qian Huang,Bo Xian.Thermal residual stress analysis of coated diamond grits[J].International Journal of Minarals,Metallurgy and Materials. 2009, 16(2): 215-219.
[46] Xu Xi-peng; Li Yuan.Quantitative Analysis of the Loads Acting on the Abrasive Grits in the Diamond Sawing of Granites[J].Journal of XiaMen University(Natural Science).2002,S1:121-122.
[47] Dai Qiu-lian; Luo Can-ben .Effects of Rare Earth and Hot Pressing Sintering Temperature on the Transverse Rupture Strength of Fe-based Diamond Composites[J].Joural of XiaMen University(Natural Science).2002,S1:76-77.
[48] Chen Ming; Hu Bin. Development of Diamond-Coated Drills[J]. Joural of XiaMen University(Natural Science).2002,S1:59-60.
[49] Yu.D.Filatov.V.I.Sidorko. Surface roughness in diamond abrasive finishing[J] . Journal of Superhard Materials.2009,31(3):191-195.
[50] N.V.Novikov. O.A. Rozenberg. Finish diamond machining of ceramic femoral heads[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2005, 25(3-4): 244-247.