多视匹配策略与优化方法研究
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摘要
利用多视匹配技术，精确、自动、快速地从立体遥感影像数据中提取稠密的三维地理空间信息，是高分辨率遥感影像有效应用的关键步骤。本文立足于遥感影像立体匹配技术的现有研究基础，从多视匹配模型的性能、可靠性、精度与速度四个方面，探讨和研究了多视匹配策略与优化方法。论文完成的主要工作和创新点如下：
1．在深入分析影像匹配技术的难点和发展趋势的基础上，探讨了多视匹配技术中有待优化和突破的研究内容，归纳并比较了多视匹配模型和引入约束条件的多视匹配方法。
2．针对多视匹配方向线模型及其影像信息利用的差异，提出了一种匹配方向线的性能综合方法，通过像点多视匹配和候选点检查方法，实现了多类型匹配方向线信息的综合利用，提高了影像匹配的成功率，优化了多视匹配模型的信息利用性能。
3．分析了多视匹配过程中立体像对筛选的必要性和可行性，在此基础上，提出了一种基于特征点引导的立体像对筛选方法，根据特征点多视匹配测度的显著性分析结果，对局部影像的质量进行分析和排序，并利用多视匹配测度的分步计算方法，选用最佳质量和最少数量的影像进行多视匹配，降低了质量较差影像对多视匹配的负面影响，优化了影像数据的应用效能。
4．提出了一种沿立体像对核面的局部地形坡度计算方法，实现了地表断裂特征的快速识别，为多视匹配模型的自适应选用和匹配窗口的自适应变换奠定了技术基础，提高了地表断裂特征的匹配可靠性。
5．设计并构建了一种多视匹配策略方案，将多视匹配过程中使用的辅助数据、模型和约束方法进行有序地结合，并且针对性地提出了一种多视匹配可靠性综合评价模型，以利用多个可靠性评价因子和分步骤分析方法，判断匹配结果的可靠性，并适时中止无效步骤，降低策略方案过度应用所带来的冗余计算，实现了策略方案与匹配可靠性的优化。
6．将准核线约束条件引入多视最小二乘匹配，通过权值变化方法和质量控制方法的应用，提高了多视最小二乘匹配的精度和收敛速度，使匹配结果的精度优化到子像素级。
7．研究了多视匹配过程中的密集计算任务，在此基础上，提出了一种密集计算任务的CPU粗粒度多核并行计算方案和GPU粗粒度并行计算方案，在给定的并行计算平台上，实验验证了方案的可行性和实用性，得到了平均加速效率分析结论，显著提高了密集计算任务的处理速度。
Using multi-view matching technology to precisely, automatically and rapidly processstereo images, and then to obtain highly dense three-dimensional(3D) geospatial information, iscrucial to the effective application of high resolution remote sensing imagery. Focusing on suchaspects as model performance, reliability, precision, speed and so on, this paper discusses andstudies the strategies and improvement methods of multi-view matching technology, and themain contents and innovations of the paper are listed as follows.
1. Based on a deep analysis of the difficulties and developing trends in image matching,improvement aspects of multi-view matching technology is discussed, and correspondingmulti-view matching models, methods, and constraints are then summarized and compared.
2. Since the matching information collected by multi-view matching line models isdifferent, a method to integrate various matching lines is proposed. Through such methods asmulti-view matching and candidate checking, various matching information can be integratedby the method to improve the successful rate of image matching. And thus, the informationintegration quality of multi-view matching models is improved.
3. The necessity and feasibility of stereo selecting process is analyzed. And based on theanalysis, a feature-point-guided stereo selecting method is proposed. According to method,matching measure significance of extracted feature points is analyzed, and the matching qualityof searching images is obtained and sorted. And then, through a step calculation method ofmulti-view matching measures, searching images with the best quality and least amount isselected for multi-view matching to decrease the negative influence caused by low qualitysearching images. Applying stereo selecting method, the image filtering and identifying qualityof multi-view matching models is improved.
4. For ground surfaces along stereo epipolar planes, a local slope calculation method isproposed to rapidly identify discontinuity features. The method provides technical support forthe self-choosing of multi-view matching models and the self-extension of matching window,and therefore, greatly improves the matching reliability of discontinuity features.
5. A multi-view matching strategy plan is designed and constructed to orderly organizeand effectively combine auxiliary data, matching models and constraints used in multi-viewmatching process. And correspondingly, a reliability evaluation model is proposed to evaluate multi-view matching results. The model uses eight reliability evaluation factors and stepanalysis method to verify the reliability of matching results, and then determine whether theapplication process of matching strategies should be continued or stopped. So, it can greatlydecrease redundant calculation brought by excessive application of matching strategies, andsignificantly improve the reliability of matching results.
6. The geometrical constraint of epipolar lines is introduced into multi-view least squarematching process, and through weight transformation and quality controlling methods, theprecision and convergence speed of multi-view least square matching is greatly improved, andthe precision of matching results is refined to sub-pixel level.
7. Potential dense computing tasks existing in multi-view matching process are analyzedand extracted, and based on the analysis, a coarse granularity CPU multi-core parallelcomputing method and a coarse granularity CPU parallel computing method is proposed. Basedon two given parallel computing platforms, the feasibility and practicality of the two methods isverified by a few experiments, and some accelerating efficiency conclusions are obtained. Theexperimental results demonstrate that the speed of dense computing tasks can be significantlyenhanced.
1．在深入分析影像匹配技术的难点和发展趋势的基础上，探讨了多视匹配技术中有待优化和突破的研究内容，归纳并比较了多视匹配模型和引入约束条件的多视匹配方法。
2．针对多视匹配方向线模型及其影像信息利用的差异，提出了一种匹配方向线的性能综合方法，通过像点多视匹配和候选点检查方法，实现了多类型匹配方向线信息的综合利用，提高了影像匹配的成功率，优化了多视匹配模型的信息利用性能。
3．分析了多视匹配过程中立体像对筛选的必要性和可行性，在此基础上，提出了一种基于特征点引导的立体像对筛选方法，根据特征点多视匹配测度的显著性分析结果，对局部影像的质量进行分析和排序，并利用多视匹配测度的分步计算方法，选用最佳质量和最少数量的影像进行多视匹配，降低了质量较差影像对多视匹配的负面影响，优化了影像数据的应用效能。
4．提出了一种沿立体像对核面的局部地形坡度计算方法，实现了地表断裂特征的快速识别，为多视匹配模型的自适应选用和匹配窗口的自适应变换奠定了技术基础，提高了地表断裂特征的匹配可靠性。
5．设计并构建了一种多视匹配策略方案，将多视匹配过程中使用的辅助数据、模型和约束方法进行有序地结合，并且针对性地提出了一种多视匹配可靠性综合评价模型，以利用多个可靠性评价因子和分步骤分析方法，判断匹配结果的可靠性，并适时中止无效步骤，降低策略方案过度应用所带来的冗余计算，实现了策略方案与匹配可靠性的优化。
6．将准核线约束条件引入多视最小二乘匹配，通过权值变化方法和质量控制方法的应用，提高了多视最小二乘匹配的精度和收敛速度，使匹配结果的精度优化到子像素级。
7．研究了多视匹配过程中的密集计算任务，在此基础上，提出了一种密集计算任务的CPU粗粒度多核并行计算方案和GPU粗粒度并行计算方案，在给定的并行计算平台上，实验验证了方案的可行性和实用性，得到了平均加速效率分析结论，显著提高了密集计算任务的处理速度。
Using multi-view matching technology to precisely, automatically and rapidly processstereo images, and then to obtain highly dense three-dimensional(3D) geospatial information, iscrucial to the effective application of high resolution remote sensing imagery. Focusing on suchaspects as model performance, reliability, precision, speed and so on, this paper discusses andstudies the strategies and improvement methods of multi-view matching technology, and themain contents and innovations of the paper are listed as follows.
1. Based on a deep analysis of the difficulties and developing trends in image matching,improvement aspects of multi-view matching technology is discussed, and correspondingmulti-view matching models, methods, and constraints are then summarized and compared.
2. Since the matching information collected by multi-view matching line models isdifferent, a method to integrate various matching lines is proposed. Through such methods asmulti-view matching and candidate checking, various matching information can be integratedby the method to improve the successful rate of image matching. And thus, the informationintegration quality of multi-view matching models is improved.
3. The necessity and feasibility of stereo selecting process is analyzed. And based on theanalysis, a feature-point-guided stereo selecting method is proposed. According to method,matching measure significance of extracted feature points is analyzed, and the matching qualityof searching images is obtained and sorted. And then, through a step calculation method ofmulti-view matching measures, searching images with the best quality and least amount isselected for multi-view matching to decrease the negative influence caused by low qualitysearching images. Applying stereo selecting method, the image filtering and identifying qualityof multi-view matching models is improved.
4. For ground surfaces along stereo epipolar planes, a local slope calculation method isproposed to rapidly identify discontinuity features. The method provides technical support forthe self-choosing of multi-view matching models and the self-extension of matching window,and therefore, greatly improves the matching reliability of discontinuity features.
5. A multi-view matching strategy plan is designed and constructed to orderly organizeand effectively combine auxiliary data, matching models and constraints used in multi-viewmatching process. And correspondingly, a reliability evaluation model is proposed to evaluate multi-view matching results. The model uses eight reliability evaluation factors and stepanalysis method to verify the reliability of matching results, and then determine whether theapplication process of matching strategies should be continued or stopped. So, it can greatlydecrease redundant calculation brought by excessive application of matching strategies, andsignificantly improve the reliability of matching results.
6. The geometrical constraint of epipolar lines is introduced into multi-view least squarematching process, and through weight transformation and quality controlling methods, theprecision and convergence speed of multi-view least square matching is greatly improved, andthe precision of matching results is refined to sub-pixel level.
7. Potential dense computing tasks existing in multi-view matching process are analyzedand extracted, and based on the analysis, a coarse granularity CPU multi-core parallelcomputing method and a coarse granularity CPU parallel computing method is proposed. Basedon two given parallel computing platforms, the feasibility and practicality of the two methods isverified by a few experiments, and some accelerating efficiency conclusions are obtained. Theexperimental results demonstrate that the speed of dense computing tasks can be significantlyenhanced.
引文
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