沥青及沥青混合料旋转剪切试验装置与试验方法研究
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摘要
沥青混合料高温稳定性及抗剪强度不足是沥青路面存在的拥包、车辙等破损现象的根本原因。多年来,国内外针对沥青及沥青混合料抗剪性能试验设备与试验方法进行了广泛研究。目前,动态剪切流变试验(DSR)、Superpave剪切试验(SST)是用于测定沥青及沥青混合料动态特性并用于高温稳定性能评价的典型方法,但由于DSR功能单一、SST价格昂贵等原因而缺乏普及实用性。
论文基于微型电机、变频器、扭矩传感器、位移传感器及温度传感器等硬件和自行开发的计算机自动控制系统软件,设计并组装了具有良好经济实用性、采用旋转加载方式、适用于沥青及沥青混合料、具有静态及动态剪切性能测定的系列试验装置,可进行静态破坏性能试验、动态黏弹性特性试验、振荡(疲劳)破坏性能试验、蠕变及重复蠕变回复性能试验、应力松弛及循环加载试验。计算机自动控制系统软件可完成试验进程自动控制,具有应变控制方式的正弦、余弦、三角形等动态函数加载功能,可完成试验数据自动处理和图表自动绘制。
为检验试验装置的运行稳定性和试验方法的可行性,论文基于25组共470余个试件进行了沥青旋转剪切破坏性能试验研究,基于17组共150余个试件进行了振荡破坏性能试验,并考虑剪切加载速率(0.1～2.0rad/s)、试验温度(-6～40℃)、沥青类型(普通AH90、橡胶沥青及SBS改性沥青)、沥青厚度(0.5～3.5mm)、试件直径(30mm、21mm)等因素的影响。在室温20℃条件下,基于93个方形截面、AC13沥青混合料进行了沥青混合料旋转剪切破坏性能试验,重点考虑旋转剪切加载速率因素的影响。在室温20℃条件下进行了不同应力水平的沥青旋转剪切蠕变性能试验和应力松弛性能试验,并重点针对3种沥青类型、4种应力水平进行了重复蠕变回复试验,研究沥青试件的黏弹塑性变形及变形回复性能。
试验检验结果表明：(1)旋转剪切破坏性能试验、振荡破坏性能试验、蠕变及重复蠕变性能试验的试验装置运行稳定、试验方法切实可行,与DSR相比具有较好的经济性和宽广的适用范围；(2)应力松弛试验装置在“持荷”阶段不能完全限制旋转轴的同向旋转位移,试验结果的准确性受到一定影响,但对于应力松弛循环加载试验,当持荷时间极短时可忽略该影响。
基于论文试验装置的试验研究结果,可得出以下结论：(1)沥青试件的旋转剪切破坏存在沥青屈服、沥青脆性、纯黏结界面破坏、黏结界面破坏同时沥青脆裂等类型；加载速率、试验温度、沥青类型等对沥青试件的破坏形态、破坏剪应力、剪切变形模量、破坏加载时间等有明显影响；(2)振荡破坏过程中,复数剪切模量呈明显曲线下降趋势,但相位角的变化不明显；加载函数周期对复数剪切模量和相位角有一定影响；试验温度对复数剪切模量影响很明显,对相位角也有较大影响；沥青厚度及试件直径对复数剪切模量和相位角的影响不明显；(3)沥青类型、应力水平对沥青变形回复性能有较大影响；(4)加载速率对沥青混合料的剪切破坏加载时间、破坏应力、破坏应变有很大影响,对变形模量有明显影响。
Distresses on asphalt pavements such as swells and ruts are essentially caused by the insufficiency of high temperature stability and shear resistance of asphalt mixtures. Extensive studies on test apparatus and test methods of shear resistance of asphalt and asphalt mixtures have been carried out over the years. Currently, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test and the Superpave shear test (SST) are the traditional methods of testing dynamic properties and evaluating high temperature stability for asphalt and asphalt mixtures. However, due to the single function of DSR and the high price of SST, these methods are not widely used.
Utilizing a micro motor, an inverter, a torque sensor, a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor and a computer automatic controlled system software self-developed, a series of practical and economical test devices with functions of static and dynamic shear performance testing under rotational loading are designed and assembled for the experimental study of static shear performance and dynamic properties of asphalt and asphalt mixtures. These devices are applied to the failing strength test, the dynamic viscoelastic performance test, the oscillation (fatigue) failure performance test, the creep and repeated creep recovery performance test and the stress relaxation test and cyclic loading test. The computer automatic controlled system software can automatically complete the test process, process the test data and draw the graphs. The strain-controlled dynamic load modes such as sine, cosine, triangle is also developed for the loading function.
To validate the operation stability of the test apparatus and the feasibility of the test method, a failure performance test using more than470asphalt specimens (divided into25groups) and a oscillation failure performance test using more than150asphalt specimens (divided into17groups) are conducted. The effects of factors such as the shear loading rate (0.1～2.0rad/s), test temperature (6～40℃), asphalt type (AH90asphalt, rubberized asphalt and SBS modified asphalt), asphalt thickness (0.5～3.5mm), and specimen diameter (30mm and21mm) are taken into account in these tests. In addition, a rotational shear failure performance test for AC-13using93specimens with square section is also conducted at the room-temperature of20℃to investigate the effect of rotational shear rate. To investigate viscoelastoplastic deformation and deformation recovery performance of the asphalt specimens, an asphalt rotational shear creep performance test and a stress relaxation performance test under various stress levels are implement, and a cyclic loading test including3asphalt types and4stress levels is also carried out at the room temperature of20℃.
The test results show that the devices for the rotational shear failure performance test, the oscillation failure performance test, the creep and repeated creep recovery performance test run stably and the test methods are feasible. The devices and the methods have better economical efficiency and broader scope of application than DSR. The device of stress relaxation test can't completely constrict the synclastic rotation displacement of the rotation axis in the "continuous loading" stage, which will affect the accuracy of test results. But for the cyclic loading stress relaxation test, the effect mentioned above can be ignored when the "continuous loading" stage is very short.
Based on the test apparatus and test results described in this paper, following conclusions can be drawn:(1) Several rotational shear failure modes for the asphalt specimens such as yielding, brittleness fracture, pure bonding interface failure and mixed mode failure of bonding interface and asphalt fracture are observed; the failure modes, failure shear stress, shear deformation modulus and failure loading time of asphalt specimens are affected significantly by the loading rate, test temperature and types of asphalt.(2) In the process of the oscillation failure, complex shear modulus curve shows a significant downward trend, while the change of the phase angle is not obvious; the period of loading function has a certain influence on complex shear modulus and phase angle; complex shear modulus and phase angle are also significantly affected by the test temperature; thickness of asphalt and diameter of the specimen have little effect on complex shear modulus and phase angle.(3) Asphalt type and stress level have great effect on deformation recovery performance.(4) Loading rate has strong effect on shear failure loading time, failure stress, failure strain and deformation modulus of asphalt mixtures.
论文基于微型电机、变频器、扭矩传感器、位移传感器及温度传感器等硬件和自行开发的计算机自动控制系统软件,设计并组装了具有良好经济实用性、采用旋转加载方式、适用于沥青及沥青混合料、具有静态及动态剪切性能测定的系列试验装置,可进行静态破坏性能试验、动态黏弹性特性试验、振荡(疲劳)破坏性能试验、蠕变及重复蠕变回复性能试验、应力松弛及循环加载试验。计算机自动控制系统软件可完成试验进程自动控制,具有应变控制方式的正弦、余弦、三角形等动态函数加载功能,可完成试验数据自动处理和图表自动绘制。
为检验试验装置的运行稳定性和试验方法的可行性,论文基于25组共470余个试件进行了沥青旋转剪切破坏性能试验研究,基于17组共150余个试件进行了振荡破坏性能试验,并考虑剪切加载速率(0.1～2.0rad/s)、试验温度(-6～40℃)、沥青类型(普通AH90、橡胶沥青及SBS改性沥青)、沥青厚度(0.5～3.5mm)、试件直径(30mm、21mm)等因素的影响。在室温20℃条件下,基于93个方形截面、AC13沥青混合料进行了沥青混合料旋转剪切破坏性能试验,重点考虑旋转剪切加载速率因素的影响。在室温20℃条件下进行了不同应力水平的沥青旋转剪切蠕变性能试验和应力松弛性能试验,并重点针对3种沥青类型、4种应力水平进行了重复蠕变回复试验,研究沥青试件的黏弹塑性变形及变形回复性能。
试验检验结果表明：(1)旋转剪切破坏性能试验、振荡破坏性能试验、蠕变及重复蠕变性能试验的试验装置运行稳定、试验方法切实可行,与DSR相比具有较好的经济性和宽广的适用范围；(2)应力松弛试验装置在“持荷”阶段不能完全限制旋转轴的同向旋转位移,试验结果的准确性受到一定影响,但对于应力松弛循环加载试验,当持荷时间极短时可忽略该影响。
基于论文试验装置的试验研究结果,可得出以下结论：(1)沥青试件的旋转剪切破坏存在沥青屈服、沥青脆性、纯黏结界面破坏、黏结界面破坏同时沥青脆裂等类型；加载速率、试验温度、沥青类型等对沥青试件的破坏形态、破坏剪应力、剪切变形模量、破坏加载时间等有明显影响；(2)振荡破坏过程中,复数剪切模量呈明显曲线下降趋势,但相位角的变化不明显；加载函数周期对复数剪切模量和相位角有一定影响；试验温度对复数剪切模量影响很明显,对相位角也有较大影响；沥青厚度及试件直径对复数剪切模量和相位角的影响不明显；(3)沥青类型、应力水平对沥青变形回复性能有较大影响；(4)加载速率对沥青混合料的剪切破坏加载时间、破坏应力、破坏应变有很大影响,对变形模量有明显影响。
Distresses on asphalt pavements such as swells and ruts are essentially caused by the insufficiency of high temperature stability and shear resistance of asphalt mixtures. Extensive studies on test apparatus and test methods of shear resistance of asphalt and asphalt mixtures have been carried out over the years. Currently, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test and the Superpave shear test (SST) are the traditional methods of testing dynamic properties and evaluating high temperature stability for asphalt and asphalt mixtures. However, due to the single function of DSR and the high price of SST, these methods are not widely used.
Utilizing a micro motor, an inverter, a torque sensor, a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor and a computer automatic controlled system software self-developed, a series of practical and economical test devices with functions of static and dynamic shear performance testing under rotational loading are designed and assembled for the experimental study of static shear performance and dynamic properties of asphalt and asphalt mixtures. These devices are applied to the failing strength test, the dynamic viscoelastic performance test, the oscillation (fatigue) failure performance test, the creep and repeated creep recovery performance test and the stress relaxation test and cyclic loading test. The computer automatic controlled system software can automatically complete the test process, process the test data and draw the graphs. The strain-controlled dynamic load modes such as sine, cosine, triangle is also developed for the loading function.
To validate the operation stability of the test apparatus and the feasibility of the test method, a failure performance test using more than470asphalt specimens (divided into25groups) and a oscillation failure performance test using more than150asphalt specimens (divided into17groups) are conducted. The effects of factors such as the shear loading rate (0.1～2.0rad/s), test temperature (6～40℃), asphalt type (AH90asphalt, rubberized asphalt and SBS modified asphalt), asphalt thickness (0.5～3.5mm), and specimen diameter (30mm and21mm) are taken into account in these tests. In addition, a rotational shear failure performance test for AC-13using93specimens with square section is also conducted at the room-temperature of20℃to investigate the effect of rotational shear rate. To investigate viscoelastoplastic deformation and deformation recovery performance of the asphalt specimens, an asphalt rotational shear creep performance test and a stress relaxation performance test under various stress levels are implement, and a cyclic loading test including3asphalt types and4stress levels is also carried out at the room temperature of20℃.
The test results show that the devices for the rotational shear failure performance test, the oscillation failure performance test, the creep and repeated creep recovery performance test run stably and the test methods are feasible. The devices and the methods have better economical efficiency and broader scope of application than DSR. The device of stress relaxation test can't completely constrict the synclastic rotation displacement of the rotation axis in the "continuous loading" stage, which will affect the accuracy of test results. But for the cyclic loading stress relaxation test, the effect mentioned above can be ignored when the "continuous loading" stage is very short.
Based on the test apparatus and test results described in this paper, following conclusions can be drawn:(1) Several rotational shear failure modes for the asphalt specimens such as yielding, brittleness fracture, pure bonding interface failure and mixed mode failure of bonding interface and asphalt fracture are observed; the failure modes, failure shear stress, shear deformation modulus and failure loading time of asphalt specimens are affected significantly by the loading rate, test temperature and types of asphalt.(2) In the process of the oscillation failure, complex shear modulus curve shows a significant downward trend, while the change of the phase angle is not obvious; the period of loading function has a certain influence on complex shear modulus and phase angle; complex shear modulus and phase angle are also significantly affected by the test temperature; thickness of asphalt and diameter of the specimen have little effect on complex shear modulus and phase angle.(3) Asphalt type and stress level have great effect on deformation recovery performance.(4) Loading rate has strong effect on shear failure loading time, failure stress, failure strain and deformation modulus of asphalt mixtures.
引文
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