孕穗期施用2，4-表油菜素内酯对水稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响
摘要
采用植物激素油菜素内酯(Brassinosterolds, BRs)高效人工合成类似物2,4-表油菜素内酯及其合成专一抑制剂Brz (Brassinazole, Brz)处理的方法,研究水稻籽粒中蔗糖含量及蔗糖代谢关键酶酶活力在籽粒灌浆过程中的动态变化,并分析这些动态变化与籽粒中淀粉和干物质积累的相关性,从而在蔗糖代谢水平初步阐明油菜素内酯促进水稻灌浆和提高水稻产量的机理。主要研究结果如下：
1.BR处理显著促进了水稻淀粉和干物质的积累,进而提高了水稻的产量,9311和日本晴分别提高了9.86%和10.31%；
2.BR处理显著提高了水稻籽粒蔗糖合成酶活力,促进了籽粒中蔗糖的分解,提高了淀粉合成前体的含量,促进淀粉的合成和积累；
3.BR处理显著提高了籽粒中蔗糖酶(亦称转化酶)的酶活力,并且能显著缓解其酶促反应产物的反馈抑制作用,从而促进蔗糖水解,提高籽粒中淀粉合成前体含量,进而促进淀粉合成和积累。
4.BR合成专一抑制剂Brz对水稻籽粒灌浆及产量的形成具有与BR相反的作用。
5.日本晴和9311强弱势粒SS酶活力、NI酶活力、AI酶活力与干物质含量皆呈显著或极显著正相关；日本晴和9311强弱势粒中淀粉含量与干物质含量呈显著或极显著正相关；日本晴强弱势粒中,蔗糖含量与干物质含量相关性不显著。
We studied the dynamic changes of sucrose content and sucrose metabolism enzymes activity in rice grains under 2,4-epibrassinosteroid and Brz treatment conditions. The correlation between these dynamic changes and dry matter accumulation was analyzed. We figured out the mechanism of brassinosteoid increase rice filling and yield in the physiological level of sucrose metabolism. The following results were obtained.
1. BR significantly promoted the rice starch and dry matter accumulation, and thus increased rice yield; the yield of Nipponbare and 9311 were increased by 9.86%and 10.31%.
2. BR significantly increased the sucrose synthase (SS) activity and promoted grain sucrose degradation. The content of starch precursor was increased and it promoted the synthesis and accumulation of starch.
3. BR significantly increased the invertase activity and alleviated the feedback inhibition of enzymatic reaction products, thus promoted the hydrolysis of sucrose, increased grain content of the starch precursor, thereby promoted synthesis and accumulation of starch.
4. The function of Brz to rice grain-filling was contrary to BR.
5. The activity of SS, NI, AI in Nipponbare and 9311 gains were significant positive correlation to dry weight. The starch content of Nipponbare and 9311 were significant positive correlation to dry weight, too. The correlation between sucrose content and dry weight was not significant.
1.BR处理显著促进了水稻淀粉和干物质的积累,进而提高了水稻的产量,9311和日本晴分别提高了9.86%和10.31%；
2.BR处理显著提高了水稻籽粒蔗糖合成酶活力,促进了籽粒中蔗糖的分解,提高了淀粉合成前体的含量,促进淀粉的合成和积累；
3.BR处理显著提高了籽粒中蔗糖酶(亦称转化酶)的酶活力,并且能显著缓解其酶促反应产物的反馈抑制作用,从而促进蔗糖水解,提高籽粒中淀粉合成前体含量,进而促进淀粉合成和积累。
4.BR合成专一抑制剂Brz对水稻籽粒灌浆及产量的形成具有与BR相反的作用。
5.日本晴和9311强弱势粒SS酶活力、NI酶活力、AI酶活力与干物质含量皆呈显著或极显著正相关；日本晴和9311强弱势粒中淀粉含量与干物质含量呈显著或极显著正相关；日本晴强弱势粒中,蔗糖含量与干物质含量相关性不显著。
We studied the dynamic changes of sucrose content and sucrose metabolism enzymes activity in rice grains under 2,4-epibrassinosteroid and Brz treatment conditions. The correlation between these dynamic changes and dry matter accumulation was analyzed. We figured out the mechanism of brassinosteoid increase rice filling and yield in the physiological level of sucrose metabolism. The following results were obtained.
1. BR significantly promoted the rice starch and dry matter accumulation, and thus increased rice yield; the yield of Nipponbare and 9311 were increased by 9.86%and 10.31%.
2. BR significantly increased the sucrose synthase (SS) activity and promoted grain sucrose degradation. The content of starch precursor was increased and it promoted the synthesis and accumulation of starch.
3. BR significantly increased the invertase activity and alleviated the feedback inhibition of enzymatic reaction products, thus promoted the hydrolysis of sucrose, increased grain content of the starch precursor, thereby promoted synthesis and accumulation of starch.
4. The function of Brz to rice grain-filling was contrary to BR.
5. The activity of SS, NI, AI in Nipponbare and 9311 gains were significant positive correlation to dry weight. The starch content of Nipponbare and 9311 were significant positive correlation to dry weight, too. The correlation between sucrose content and dry weight was not significant.
引文
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[15]李木英等.两系杂交稻籽粒灌浆的物质积累与生理活性的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(2)：152-156
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[19]王永章等.苹果果实转化酶的种类和特性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(5)：9-14
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[22]李天等.灌浆结实期高温对水稻籽粒蔗糖及降解酶活性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(6)：626-630；
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