粉状炸药生产线气液油相流量控制系统
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摘要
随着粉状炸药在工业生产和工程建设中应用的日益广泛,其连续化生产技术的研究与推广就成为亟待解决的问题,而油相流量的添加是连续生产控制中的关键工序,其控制的好坏对于提高产品的质量和产量、降低劳动强度具有非常重要的意义。
本文在深入分析粉状炸药生产工艺的基础上,考虑油相添加过程的滞后性以及炸药主要组分硝酸铵传输过程的非线性、大惯性、大滞后等特点,在模型难以建立的情况下,采用了专家控制策略来实现流量的实时控制。
基于粉状炸药制备过程中影响油相控制的因素,本文采用了双专家控制器方案,即专家控制器1通过控制油相的温度恒定来保证油相添加的质量,专家控制器2则根据生产过程中的反馈参数,利用专家经验完成添加油相过程的实时控制。控制器皆采用产生式规则进行知识表示,采用正向推理与深度优先搜索的方式进行推理。
本文设计的专家控制系统在浙江顺源化工厂的粉状炸药实际生产中得到了应用,控制系统已于2007年6月投入生产使用。现场运行情况表明,这种控制策略符合工业实际,采用的控制器稳定可靠,有效的控制了油相流量的实时添加,实现了粉状炸药的连续化生产,提高了产品的产量和质量,创造了显著的经济效益。
Along with the extensive use of powdery explosive in the industrial manufacture and construction, the research and spread of continuous production technology on powdery explosive have become an intensive problem. Adding the oil phase following the flux of the ammonium nitrate is one of the key processes in the process of powdery explosive production. The control is of important significance in improving the quantity and quality of product, decreasing working intensity.
The mechanic theory and characteristic of the production process are analyzed in this paper. Considering the time-delay characteristic of the oil-adding process and the characteristics of ammonium nitrate transmission that are non-linear, large inertia and time delay, expert control strategy is used in this paper to carry out the auto control of flux on the condition that the exact model of control object is hard to be built.
Taking into account the factors to the continuous production of powdery explosive, two expert controllers are adopted, where the knowledge is represented in the form of the production rule, and the inference engine adopts the Forward chaining and Depth-first search. The temperature of the oil is controlled to keep steady by the first expert controller. Based on the feedback parameters of production process, the flux control of oil is achieved by the second expert controller.
The intelligent control based on expert strategy is used in powdery explosive production process in Zhejiang Shunyuan Chemical Plant. The control system has been in operation since June, 2007. The validity of this strategy is proved by the running results. The control system is stable and reliable. The flux of oil is effectively controlled. The continuous production is successfully realized. The quantity and quality of product are improved, thus significant economic benefits is obtained.
本文在深入分析粉状炸药生产工艺的基础上,考虑油相添加过程的滞后性以及炸药主要组分硝酸铵传输过程的非线性、大惯性、大滞后等特点,在模型难以建立的情况下,采用了专家控制策略来实现流量的实时控制。
基于粉状炸药制备过程中影响油相控制的因素,本文采用了双专家控制器方案,即专家控制器1通过控制油相的温度恒定来保证油相添加的质量,专家控制器2则根据生产过程中的反馈参数,利用专家经验完成添加油相过程的实时控制。控制器皆采用产生式规则进行知识表示,采用正向推理与深度优先搜索的方式进行推理。
本文设计的专家控制系统在浙江顺源化工厂的粉状炸药实际生产中得到了应用,控制系统已于2007年6月投入生产使用。现场运行情况表明,这种控制策略符合工业实际,采用的控制器稳定可靠,有效的控制了油相流量的实时添加,实现了粉状炸药的连续化生产,提高了产品的产量和质量,创造了显著的经济效益。
Along with the extensive use of powdery explosive in the industrial manufacture and construction, the research and spread of continuous production technology on powdery explosive have become an intensive problem. Adding the oil phase following the flux of the ammonium nitrate is one of the key processes in the process of powdery explosive production. The control is of important significance in improving the quantity and quality of product, decreasing working intensity.
The mechanic theory and characteristic of the production process are analyzed in this paper. Considering the time-delay characteristic of the oil-adding process and the characteristics of ammonium nitrate transmission that are non-linear, large inertia and time delay, expert control strategy is used in this paper to carry out the auto control of flux on the condition that the exact model of control object is hard to be built.
Taking into account the factors to the continuous production of powdery explosive, two expert controllers are adopted, where the knowledge is represented in the form of the production rule, and the inference engine adopts the Forward chaining and Depth-first search. The temperature of the oil is controlled to keep steady by the first expert controller. Based on the feedback parameters of production process, the flux control of oil is achieved by the second expert controller.
The intelligent control based on expert strategy is used in powdery explosive production process in Zhejiang Shunyuan Chemical Plant. The control system has been in operation since June, 2007. The validity of this strategy is proved by the running results. The control system is stable and reliable. The flux of oil is effectively controlled. The continuous production is successfully realized. The quantity and quality of product are improved, thus significant economic benefits is obtained.
引文
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[3]李国仲.日本工业炸药的发展过程与现状.工程爆破,1998,4:71-75
[4]周向群.试论乳化炸药连续生产技术的发展.爆破器材,1997,8:1-3
[5]刘厚平,肖国,郭子庭.粉状硝铵炸药的连续自动化生产及其生产本质安全性问题.矿冶工程,2003,6:134-135
[6]陆秉权,王业华.粉体物料的计量与控制.新世纪水泥导报,2005,5:5-10
[7]Johnell Gonzales-Lujan,Robert J.Burnside,George H.Tompkins.A simulation study of high power detonator production transition.Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference:999-1006
[8]贺建军,喻寿益,桂卫华.基于微机监控的乳化炸药全自动连续生产线.中南工业大学学报,1999,30:422-425
[9]童进秋,吴燕.乳化炸药生产线集散控制系统的研究和应用.煤矿爆破,2005:20-24
[10]赵军,胡寿根,王晓宁.多分支管道中气固两相流量控制系统的研究.仪器仪表学报,2005,8:25-26
[11]She P I.The effect of friction on flow distribution in dividing and combing flow manifolds.A SM E J.of Fluids Engineering 1992,114:121-123
[12]He Jianjun,Yu Shouyi,Gui Weihua.Design and implementation of completely automatic and continual production line for water-in-oil emulsion explosive.Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,1999,6:405-411
[13]杨启尧,王越胜.乳化炸药生产线油水相流量的模糊控制及仿真.工业控制计算机,2004,7:17-19
[14]姜培刚,张泰,刘晓斌.带式输送机物料流量智能控制系统.矿山机械,2002,12:48-51
[15]蔡自兴.智能控制基础与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[16]王永庆.人工智能原理与方法.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[17]蔡连成.专家系统基础与实现.天津:天津大学出版社,1990
[18]Li Rongzheng.The development of the expert control technology and the intelligent control theory.Process Automation Instrumentation,1997:1-7
[19]Stone ND,Coulson RN,Frisbie RE,Loh DK,Expert system in entomology: three approaches to problem solving.Bull Entomol Soc Am,1987,32:161-166
[20]N.H.Afgan,M,G,Garvalho,P.A.Pilavchi,A.Toudidakis,G.G.Olkhonski and N.Martins.An expert system concept for diagnosis and monitoring of gas turbine combustion chambers.Applied Thremal Engineering,2006,Volume 26,Issue 7:766-771
[21]Y.C.Lin and Y.J.Xie.Expert system for integrity assessment of piping containing defects.Expert System with Applications,2006.Volume 30,Issue 2:149-155
[22]Brenda Hinkemeyer,Nicole Januszewski and Bryant A.Julstrom.An expert system for evaluating Siberian Huskies,Expert System with Applications,2006.Volume 30,Issue 2:282-289
[23]Li Songren,Jing Guangiun,Zhou Xianwei.Skeletal tool of mineral processing expert system.TransNonferrous Met.Soc.China,2001,10(1):94-97
[24]K.J.(?)Astrom,J.J.Anton,K.E.(?)rzen,Expert control,Automatica(Journal of IFAC),vol.22,no.3,1986,pp.277-286
[25]阳春华,沈德耀,吴敏,等.焦炉配煤专家系统的定性定量综合设计方法.自动化学报,2000,2:226-232
[26]Jamshidi.M,Baugh.S,Barak.D,Vadiee.N.A comparison of an expert and an adaptive fuzzy control approach.Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,1991(2):1907-1908
[27]林济群,江晖,柳一松,等.火电厂实时专家系统的框架设计.工业控制计算机,1999,12(6):55-60
[28]刘祥官,刘显著,蒋美华,等.智能控制专家系统在莱钢高炉的应用.冶金自动化,2002,6:15-18
[29]张学东,姜宏洲,寇晓军.水泥回转窑实时专家控制系统.中国矿业,2000,9(3):82-84
[30]王志萍,彭道刚,杨平,等.专家PID控制在主汽温控制系统中的应用.现代电力,2004,8:58-61
[31]Wu Min etc.Expert Control strategy using neural networks for electrolytic zinc process Met.Soc.China.2000
[32]马竹梧,白凤双,庄斌,等.高炉热风炉流量设定及控制专家系统.冶金自动化,2002,5:11-14
[33]易粟等.高炉异常炉况诊断专家系统.冶金自动化,2002,1:15-17
[34]杨海薇等.专家系统在磷矿选矿中的应用.化工矿山技术,1994,3:36-38
[35]孙业斌,惠君明.军用混合炸药.北京:兵器工业出版社,1995
[36]LU Chunxu.Research on Expansion Technology of Ammonium Nitrate.Proceedings of the 26th IPS.Akron university,1999.344-352
[37]陆明,吕春绪.粉状工业炸药配方设计的数学模型.爆炸与冲击,2001,7(3):210-214
[38]李克升,叶涛,王强,等.气流工艺生产2号岩石粉状铵梯油炸药可行性研究.爆破器材,1999,28(3):108-112
[39]陈文芳,林文漪.湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟.北京:科学出版社.1994
[40]孙渝生.激光多普勒测量技术及其应用.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1995
[41]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统—运动控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社.2004
[42]徐绳武.柱塞式液压泵.北京:机械工业出版社.1985
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