土地利用变化对土壤团聚体碳组分的影响
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摘要
全球土壤有机碳库大约是陆地植被碳库的3倍、大气碳库的2倍,这些碳库的变化被认为是导致大气碳库和全球气候变化的主要原因。每年因土地利用变化所释放的CO_2约占全球CO_2释放量的1/4,精确估计土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳平衡的影响是当前全球变化和全球碳循环研究的重点内容。
本研究选择亚热带地区本底条件较为一致的细柄阿丁枫天然林、杉木人工林、木荷人工林、封育林、桔园、茶园、坡耕地为研究对象,通过研究土地利用变化对土壤团聚体有机碳组分(轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物量碳、游离轻组有机碳、团聚体内颗粒有机碳及矿物态有机碳)的影响,揭示亚热带山地土壤碳过程对土地利用变化的响应,提高人们对土壤碳稳定机制的认识,为进一步探讨土地利用变化对土壤碳吸存的影响机理提供基础数据,也为我国亚热带山区土地利用方式的科学调整和碳汇能力的增强提供思路。
研究结果表明,天然林转换为人工林、次生林、园地、耕地后,土壤有机碳、轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物量碳含量都显著下降;土壤团聚体有机碳、轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳也发生显著下降,各个粒径团聚体有机碳都有不同程度的减少,最高达99%,其中大团聚体中有机碳含量减少幅度比微团聚体大。但土壤团聚体微生物量碳在土地利用变化之后,不一定有显著变化,微生物商在本区域也未表现出一定规律性,因此,土壤团聚体轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳可以作为指示亚热带地区土地利用变化的敏感指标,土壤团聚体微生物量碳及微生物商能否作为反映土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的影响的指标还需进一步研究。天然林转换为人工林、次生林、园地之后,土壤团聚体中各个粒径游离轻组有机碳(free LF C)、团聚体内颗粒有机碳(iPOM C)含量发生损失,iPOM比free LF损失更大,特别是粗iPOM,这表明在亚热带地区iPOM对土地利用变化的响应更为敏感,土地利用变化物理分组组分能够清楚表明土地利用与管理对土壤有机质数量与质量的影响。本研究结果还发现微团聚体中细iPOM决定土壤有机质稳定的大团聚体周转模型不适用于亚热带地区,这为进一步探讨亚热带区域土壤有机碳稳定机制奠定基础。
The soil organic carbon pool is about three times the biotic pool and twice the atmospheric pool.Any change in soil carbon pool will lead to change of atmospheric pool and climate change.About 25% of the current total anthropogenic emissions of CO_2 are estimated to be caused by land use change.It is essential to assess the impact of land use change on terrestrial carbon dynamic. It is not clear about soil processes and mechanisms of soil organic carbon stabilization,especially the effect of land use change on soil organic carbon.Herein it is need to evaluate the influence of land use on soil carbon fractions.
The purpose of this research was to assess impact of land use on total organic soil carbon and soil carbon fractions in aggregates.Soil samples were collected from adjacent natural forest, plantation,secondary forest, agricultural land for comparison of total organic carbon,light fraction(LF) carbon,particulate organic matter(POM) carbon,microbial biomass carbon (MBC),free light fraction carbon(free LF C),intra-aggregate particulate organic matter(iPOM) carbon, mineral-associated carbon(mSOC). Understanding how these soil organic carbon fractions behave in response to changes in land use will aid in assessing sources and sinks of carbon associated with forest conversion in subtropical region of China.
Total soil carbon, light frction carbon,particulate organic matter carbon, microbial biomass carbon in soil and soil aggregates decreased due to forest conversion,particularly in macroaggregates.LF C and POM C were sensitive to the change of land use,but MBC and MBC quotient had minimal impact on different land use.Total amounts of free LF and iPOM were significantly larger in the natural forest than in other land use practices.The results indicate that the iPOM accounted for much of the losses of soil organic carbon due to conversion.Therefore,the LF C and POM C were much more affected by forest conversion than the total aggregate organic carbon and MBC.Of the different POM fractions,losses of the iPOM due to conversion was more pronounced than free LF fraction.The observed changes in soil aggregation and SOM should provide a practical tool to complement further chemical, biological and physical soil tests to project a sustainable and productive agriculture in this environment.
本研究选择亚热带地区本底条件较为一致的细柄阿丁枫天然林、杉木人工林、木荷人工林、封育林、桔园、茶园、坡耕地为研究对象,通过研究土地利用变化对土壤团聚体有机碳组分(轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物量碳、游离轻组有机碳、团聚体内颗粒有机碳及矿物态有机碳)的影响,揭示亚热带山地土壤碳过程对土地利用变化的响应,提高人们对土壤碳稳定机制的认识,为进一步探讨土地利用变化对土壤碳吸存的影响机理提供基础数据,也为我国亚热带山区土地利用方式的科学调整和碳汇能力的增强提供思路。
研究结果表明,天然林转换为人工林、次生林、园地、耕地后,土壤有机碳、轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物量碳含量都显著下降;土壤团聚体有机碳、轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳也发生显著下降,各个粒径团聚体有机碳都有不同程度的减少,最高达99%,其中大团聚体中有机碳含量减少幅度比微团聚体大。但土壤团聚体微生物量碳在土地利用变化之后,不一定有显著变化,微生物商在本区域也未表现出一定规律性,因此,土壤团聚体轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳可以作为指示亚热带地区土地利用变化的敏感指标,土壤团聚体微生物量碳及微生物商能否作为反映土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的影响的指标还需进一步研究。天然林转换为人工林、次生林、园地之后,土壤团聚体中各个粒径游离轻组有机碳(free LF C)、团聚体内颗粒有机碳(iPOM C)含量发生损失,iPOM比free LF损失更大,特别是粗iPOM,这表明在亚热带地区iPOM对土地利用变化的响应更为敏感,土地利用变化物理分组组分能够清楚表明土地利用与管理对土壤有机质数量与质量的影响。本研究结果还发现微团聚体中细iPOM决定土壤有机质稳定的大团聚体周转模型不适用于亚热带地区,这为进一步探讨亚热带区域土壤有机碳稳定机制奠定基础。
The soil organic carbon pool is about three times the biotic pool and twice the atmospheric pool.Any change in soil carbon pool will lead to change of atmospheric pool and climate change.About 25% of the current total anthropogenic emissions of CO_2 are estimated to be caused by land use change.It is essential to assess the impact of land use change on terrestrial carbon dynamic. It is not clear about soil processes and mechanisms of soil organic carbon stabilization,especially the effect of land use change on soil organic carbon.Herein it is need to evaluate the influence of land use on soil carbon fractions.
The purpose of this research was to assess impact of land use on total organic soil carbon and soil carbon fractions in aggregates.Soil samples were collected from adjacent natural forest, plantation,secondary forest, agricultural land for comparison of total organic carbon,light fraction(LF) carbon,particulate organic matter(POM) carbon,microbial biomass carbon (MBC),free light fraction carbon(free LF C),intra-aggregate particulate organic matter(iPOM) carbon, mineral-associated carbon(mSOC). Understanding how these soil organic carbon fractions behave in response to changes in land use will aid in assessing sources and sinks of carbon associated with forest conversion in subtropical region of China.
Total soil carbon, light frction carbon,particulate organic matter carbon, microbial biomass carbon in soil and soil aggregates decreased due to forest conversion,particularly in macroaggregates.LF C and POM C were sensitive to the change of land use,but MBC and MBC quotient had minimal impact on different land use.Total amounts of free LF and iPOM were significantly larger in the natural forest than in other land use practices.The results indicate that the iPOM accounted for much of the losses of soil organic carbon due to conversion.Therefore,the LF C and POM C were much more affected by forest conversion than the total aggregate organic carbon and MBC.Of the different POM fractions,losses of the iPOM due to conversion was more pronounced than free LF fraction.The observed changes in soil aggregation and SOM should provide a practical tool to complement further chemical, biological and physical soil tests to project a sustainable and productive agriculture in this environment.
引文
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