X-Y工作台实验教学型数控仿真系统研制
摘要
数控技术的不断革新和应用,推动了数控人才的需求,传统的培养模式存在弊端,为了更经济更好地培养数控技术人员,本文研制了一套适合数控初级教育的X-Y工作台实验教学型数控仿真系统。系统结构简单、模块清晰、组建操作容易、适于高等学校和高职院校作为机电一体化课程设计和数控技术实验教学。
系统由PC机、单片机控制板、步进电机驱动器和X-Y工作台组成,本文对单片机控制板和步进电机驱动器进行了模块化设计、制作和实验调试,并基于微软公司的VisualBasic 6.0面向对象的编程软件开发了适用于X-Y工作台的数控仿真操作系统,完成了适用于本系统的通信技术、插补技术、步进电机控制技术、NC代码编译技术和系统抗干扰技术的研究。
系统设计结合了PC机适用于大规模程序计算和单片机适用于现场控制的优点,采用PC机与单片机联机运行的工作方式,两者通过RS-232串行通信接口进行数据的传送和接收。PC机用于系统的插补运算、数据处理和二维仿真,并在PC机上组建了NC代码仿真、点位控制、手动控制等控制模块。单片机用于响应PC机的各种控制命令,对步进电机驱动器发出命令,驱动步进电机运行。
数控仿真操作系统采用模块化设计理念,操作者可以根据需求添加相应的软硬件功能模块来扩展系统性能。系统成功实现了X-Y工作台运行数据实时采集和二维仿真,操作者可以方便地了解X-Y工作台的运行状态和实现精确定位。
系统经过综合调试,确定了系统的运行参数,构建了适用于本系统的NC代码和编译方法。系统能够适应NC代码的二维图形仿真运行,已形成教学实验环境,为学生提供了一个良好的模拟操作环境,可以丰富机电一体化技术和数控技术课程教学内容,提高课程教学效果,对于数控教学和培训具有明显的实用价值。
本文分成8章完成。第1章为绪论部分,阐述课题产生的背景和意义;第2章介绍系统的总体结构;第3章介绍系统硬件电路搭建过程;第4章探讨系统步进电机的控制策略和方法;第5章对系统组建中的若干技术问题进行研究和探讨;第6章介绍工作台操作系统的设计和功能;第7章介绍系统的搭建和调试;第8章为总结与展望。
The innovation and application of CNC technology lead to the rapid demand of NC talent. For the traditional training model exists defects, The thesis developed a set of experimental teaching CNC simulation system base on X-Y table, which is suitable to primary education, in order to train CNC technicians more economically. The system is suitable to universities and vocational colleges' students to carry on mechatronics curriculum design and CNC technology teaching experiment, for the system is simple, modular, and is easy to create.
The system is consists of PC, single-chip control board, stepping motor driver and X-Y table. The thesis has finished the design, production and experimental testing of the single-chip control board and stepping motor driver. The thesis has developed the operating system of X-Y table base on Microsoft's Visual Basic 6.0, which is a object-oriented programming software. The thesis has also finished the study of communication technology, interpolation technology, stepping motor control technology, NC code compiler technology and anti-interference technology of the system.
The system runs in the online way of PC and single-chip, which combined the advantages of PC and single-chip, for PC is usually used to large-scale application and single-chip is usually used to field control .The PC and single-chip send and receive data through serial communication interface RS-232. PC is used to interpolation operator, data processing and two-dimensional simulation.The thesis has established the control system of NC code simulation, manual control and position control base on PC. The single-chip is used to accept the control signal from PC and send control signals to stepping motor driver to drive stepping motor's running.
The CNC simulation system is designed by using the concept of modular design. Operators can easy to expanse the system function by adding some software and hardware modules on demand. The system has successfully realized the real-time data acquisition and two-dimensional simulation of the X-Y table and operators can easily understand the running state of X-Y table to realize precise control of position.
The thesis have finished the integrated debugging and parameter settings of system, and established the compiled method of NC code which is suitable to the system. The system is applied to NC code's two-dimensional graphics simulation, and has formed the experimental teaching environment. It provides a good simulation environment to operators. It can enrich the mechatronics technology and CNC technology curriculum teaching and improve the teaching effectiveness. It has obviously practical value for the teaching and training of CNC technology.
The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the background and significance of this thesis; chapter 2 introduces the overall composition of the system; chapter 3 introduces the design process of the hardware circuit of the system; chapter 4 explores the strategies and methods to control stepping motor; chapter 5 discuss a number of technical issues of the system; chapter 6 introduces the design and functions of the operating system of X-Y table; chapter 7 introduces the way to build and debug the system; chapter 8 is summary and forecast.
系统由PC机、单片机控制板、步进电机驱动器和X-Y工作台组成,本文对单片机控制板和步进电机驱动器进行了模块化设计、制作和实验调试,并基于微软公司的VisualBasic 6.0面向对象的编程软件开发了适用于X-Y工作台的数控仿真操作系统,完成了适用于本系统的通信技术、插补技术、步进电机控制技术、NC代码编译技术和系统抗干扰技术的研究。
系统设计结合了PC机适用于大规模程序计算和单片机适用于现场控制的优点,采用PC机与单片机联机运行的工作方式,两者通过RS-232串行通信接口进行数据的传送和接收。PC机用于系统的插补运算、数据处理和二维仿真,并在PC机上组建了NC代码仿真、点位控制、手动控制等控制模块。单片机用于响应PC机的各种控制命令,对步进电机驱动器发出命令,驱动步进电机运行。
数控仿真操作系统采用模块化设计理念,操作者可以根据需求添加相应的软硬件功能模块来扩展系统性能。系统成功实现了X-Y工作台运行数据实时采集和二维仿真,操作者可以方便地了解X-Y工作台的运行状态和实现精确定位。
系统经过综合调试,确定了系统的运行参数,构建了适用于本系统的NC代码和编译方法。系统能够适应NC代码的二维图形仿真运行,已形成教学实验环境,为学生提供了一个良好的模拟操作环境,可以丰富机电一体化技术和数控技术课程教学内容,提高课程教学效果,对于数控教学和培训具有明显的实用价值。
本文分成8章完成。第1章为绪论部分,阐述课题产生的背景和意义;第2章介绍系统的总体结构;第3章介绍系统硬件电路搭建过程;第4章探讨系统步进电机的控制策略和方法;第5章对系统组建中的若干技术问题进行研究和探讨;第6章介绍工作台操作系统的设计和功能;第7章介绍系统的搭建和调试;第8章为总结与展望。
The innovation and application of CNC technology lead to the rapid demand of NC talent. For the traditional training model exists defects, The thesis developed a set of experimental teaching CNC simulation system base on X-Y table, which is suitable to primary education, in order to train CNC technicians more economically. The system is suitable to universities and vocational colleges' students to carry on mechatronics curriculum design and CNC technology teaching experiment, for the system is simple, modular, and is easy to create.
The system is consists of PC, single-chip control board, stepping motor driver and X-Y table. The thesis has finished the design, production and experimental testing of the single-chip control board and stepping motor driver. The thesis has developed the operating system of X-Y table base on Microsoft's Visual Basic 6.0, which is a object-oriented programming software. The thesis has also finished the study of communication technology, interpolation technology, stepping motor control technology, NC code compiler technology and anti-interference technology of the system.
The system runs in the online way of PC and single-chip, which combined the advantages of PC and single-chip, for PC is usually used to large-scale application and single-chip is usually used to field control .The PC and single-chip send and receive data through serial communication interface RS-232. PC is used to interpolation operator, data processing and two-dimensional simulation.The thesis has established the control system of NC code simulation, manual control and position control base on PC. The single-chip is used to accept the control signal from PC and send control signals to stepping motor driver to drive stepping motor's running.
The CNC simulation system is designed by using the concept of modular design. Operators can easy to expanse the system function by adding some software and hardware modules on demand. The system has successfully realized the real-time data acquisition and two-dimensional simulation of the X-Y table and operators can easily understand the running state of X-Y table to realize precise control of position.
The thesis have finished the integrated debugging and parameter settings of system, and established the compiled method of NC code which is suitable to the system. The system is applied to NC code's two-dimensional graphics simulation, and has formed the experimental teaching environment. It provides a good simulation environment to operators. It can enrich the mechatronics technology and CNC technology curriculum teaching and improve the teaching effectiveness. It has obviously practical value for the teaching and training of CNC technology.
The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the background and significance of this thesis; chapter 2 introduces the overall composition of the system; chapter 3 introduces the design process of the hardware circuit of the system; chapter 4 explores the strategies and methods to control stepping motor; chapter 5 discuss a number of technical issues of the system; chapter 6 introduces the design and functions of the operating system of X-Y table; chapter 7 introduces the way to build and debug the system; chapter 8 is summary and forecast.
引文
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9.李致金,多汾峪.三相反应式步进电机驱动器的设计[J],河海大学常州分校学报,2003,17(1):56-59.
10.李朝珲,杨秀敏.基于PLC的55BF004型步进电机驱动控制系统的设计[J],沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2007,3(4):360-363.
11.李传军.基于单片机控制系统的数控X-Y工作台设计[J],承德民族师专学报,2004,24(2):33-34.
12.刘玫.AT89C系列单片机在多微小型数控系统中的应用[J],工业自动控制,2001,(10):26-28.
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21.Yih-Tun Tseng,Jui-Hung Liu.High-speed and precise positioning of an X-Y table[j],Control Engineering Practice,2003,357-365.
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3.机械工业教育发展中心,华中科技大学国家数控系统工程技术研究中心.关于数控人才需求与数控职业教育教学改革的报告,中国职业技术教育,2004,18-21.
4.钱宁,李斌.培养数控人才,适应现代化建设需要,高等教育研究[J],2000,(3):25-28.
5.王珂娜,彭晓燕,肖毅华.开放式数控原理实验系统的研制[J],实验技术与管理,2007,24(4):61-63.
6.王仁德,赵春雨,张耀满.机床数控技术[M],沈阳:东北大学出版社,2002.
7.逄启寿,冯羽生.数控步进电机驱动电路的设计[J],制造业自动化,2005,29(8):94-96.
8.Zhong-Hui Zhou.Way to drive stepper motor[J],Instrument Technique and Sensor,2004,(11):61-62.
9.李致金,多汾峪.三相反应式步进电机驱动器的设计[J],河海大学常州分校学报,2003,17(1):56-59.
10.李朝珲,杨秀敏.基于PLC的55BF004型步进电机驱动控制系统的设计[J],沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2007,3(4):360-363.
11.李传军.基于单片机控制系统的数控X-Y工作台设计[J],承德民族师专学报,2004,24(2):33-34.
12.刘玫.AT89C系列单片机在多微小型数控系统中的应用[J],工业自动控制,2001,(10):26-28.
13.张迎新,雷文,姚静波.C8051F系列Soc单片机原理及应用[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
14.鲍可进.C8051F单片机原理及应用[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
15.侯宁,郭叶.数控工作台计算机控制系统的研究[J],江苏电器,1998,(4):19-22.
16.赵广林.轻松跟我学Protel99 SE电路设计与制作[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005,215-220.
17.王晓明.电动机的单片机控制[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
18.贺江波,伍良生.基于单片机与PMM8713的高速主轴电磁式在线动平衡机构的驱动器设计[J],机械制造,2007,45(516):21-24.
19.赵少波.步进电机专用控制芯片PMM8713及其应用[J],电子与自动化,1995,(4):26-29.
20.魏衍波,王桂莲.单片机的步进电机控制系统研究[J],防爆电机,2005,40(4):25-26.
21.Yih-Tun Tseng,Jui-Hung Liu.High-speed and precise positioning of an X-Y table[j],Control Engineering Practice,2003,357-365.
22.王庆东,刘杰辉.单片机在步进电机驱动控制中的应用[J],煤矿机械,2006,27(6):100-103.
23.霍迎辉,陈宇翔.步进电机的微机和单片机控制[J],现代驱动与控制,2005,(1):8-10.
24.王勇,林浩.单片机的步进电机串行开环控制系统[J],2005,18(4):104-105.
25.Sang-Soo Han,Seung-Bok Choi,Chae-Cheon Cheong.Position control of X-Y table mechanism using electro-rheological clutches[J],Mechanism and Machine Theory,2000,1563-1577.
26.Shiuh-Jer Huanga,Shu-Yi Lina.Application of visual servo-control X-Y table in color filter cross mark alignment[J],Sensors and Actuators,2009,53-62.
27.曹东杰,韩峰.单片机控制步进电机按S形曲线升降频设计[J],弹箭与制导学报,2006,26(2):157-159.
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