摘要
在铝带轧制中,厚度精度是铝带的两大质量指标之一,厚度控制是铝带轧制领域里的两大关键技术之一;张力是保证轧制正常进行的重要因素,并且直接影响到产品质量。本文以某厂1900mm单机架四辊不可逆铝带冷轧机为研究背景,对轧机的厚度控制系统和张力控制系统进行了深入研究,开发了工程可实现的AGC计算机控制系统以及实用的张力控制策略。论文主要研究内容和取得的成果如下:
(1)介绍了厚度自动控制的基本概念,分析了影响轧件出口厚度的主要因素,详细分析了这些因素在轧制过程对厚度变化的影响规律。
(2)结合现场的实际情况给出液压厚度控制系统的总体设计方案,对整个项目的计算机系统的硬件配置和软件结构作出了详细描述。并且对液压AGC的核心,液压辊缝控制系统的控制原理进行了认真的剖析。
(3)在根据轧机液压厚度自动控制系统总体方案的基础上,详细介绍了在现场应用的前馈AGC、Smith预估监控AGC、厚度计AGC和张力AGC等厚度控制方法,分析了厚度AGC的抗扰性。并对轧制力偏心滤波以及速度补偿进行介绍。
(4)考虑铝带轧制对张力控制要求精度高并结合现场实际情况,提出通过激光测距仪精确测量卷径的方案,详细设计了间接恒张力控制策略。给出了传动系统的控制策略和传动系统的结构图,建立了轧机张力控制相关数学模型,为对张力控制算法的进一步研究奠定了基础。
In aluminum cold rolling process, Strip thickness accuracy is one of the two major quality indicators, thickness control is one of the key technologies in Aluminum rolling field. Tension is the significant factor to maintain the normal rolling, and it influences the quality of product. Under the background of 1900mm single-stand 4-high irreversible aluminum strip cold mill, thickness control system and tension control system have been especially investigated. A realizable AGC system and tension control system have been developed. The main work and results are as follows:
(1) The basic concept of automatic thickness control was introduced. The factors affecting product thickness were analyzed. The rules of thickness changing affected by these factors were detailed analyzed in the rolling process.
(2) The overall plan of the AGC system was given combining with the actual situation of the scene. The hardware configuration and software structure of computer system for entire project were described. For the core of hydraulic AGC, the control principle of HGC was analyzed seriously.
(3) Based on the total scheme of hydraulic AGC, the feed forward AGC, the Smith predictor monitor AGC and the gauge-meter AGC were introduced in detail, the interference rejection was analyzed, the roll force filtering and the speed compensation were introduced finally.
(4) After considering the high accuracy requirement of tension control in Aluminum rolling and combining with the actual situation of field, scheme of accurately measure coil diameter by means of laser sensor was brought forward. Constant tension indirect control strategy was designed in detail. The control scheme and transfer function diagram of drive system were given. The mathematical model related to the tension control of the mill was established
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