油雾发生器的理论及实验研究
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摘要
油雾润滑是一种先进的润滑方式,与传统润滑方式相比,能够使设备达到高效率、低故障、节能与环保运行。为了进一步发展不同类型的油雾润滑装置,本课题引入了一种新型的油雾发生器——气流式超声波油雾发生器。该油雾发生器的雾化机理是超声波雾化,即利用空气射流通过谐振腔,喷射出高速气流,产生高频率,高振幅的剧烈振动的超声波,同时通过附加液哨,来强化雾化的一种喷雾技术,能得到更小的油雾颗粒。
本文简述了超声波雾化机理和超声波雾化喷嘴的研究进展情况,并介绍了几种不同类型超声波雾化喷嘴的结构特点;通过研究分析超声波雾化喷嘴的结构和加工工艺,设计了气流式超声波油雾发生装置;因为气流雾化喷嘴在工业应用中较为广泛,所以结合现有的雾化喷嘴自行设计制造了二流外混式雾化喷嘴。为了检测雾化器的雾化性能,特搭建了实验台;并在实验部分着重对气流式雾化喷嘴进行测试。在实验研究过程中,以油雾粒径为衡量油雾发生器雾化效果的重要指标,并选择压缩空气压力和针阀与喷孔的距离为气流雾化器雾化效果的最主要的影响因素。通过正交实验,确定最佳雾化效果时的进气压力值和针阀顶端和喷口的距离值,同时确定哪个是最关键的影响因素。
除了雾化器本身的结构,液体的物理性质对雾化效果也有很大的影响。在数学模型中可以定性的分析出表面张力和液体黏度对雾化效果的影响;通过在气流雾化喷嘴基础上的实验,确定表面张力和黏度对雾化效果的影响,最后将理论分析的结果和实验得出的结果做以比较。这对以后更加深入的研究雾化效果的影响因素,提供了实验支持。
总之,本文对超声雾化喷嘴的设计具有一定的指导意义,但由于超声雾化机理较复杂,有待于更深入的研究。
In comparison with tradtitional lubrication method, oil mist lubrication is more advanced for its high efficiency, low malfactuion and little polution to environment. For the further development of various types of oil mist generator, an absolutely new oil mist generator, air-flowing type oil mist generator, is introduced. Its mechanism of atomization is ultrasonic atomization, which depends on the air jeting into resonance cavity. Because of the rushing air with high velocity, ultrasonic wave of high frequancy and large amplitude is generated. In addition, liquid whistle is designed in its structure for the magnification of ultrasonic wave that aims to atomize oil into smaller droplets.
Atomization mechanism and the development of ultrasonic atomizer is introduced. Furthermore, structures of various types of atomizer are presented. Based on these theories and experience, a new ultrasonic oil mist atomizer is designed and manufactured. Experiment platform is constructed for the measurement of atomizer's performance. Afterwards, the air-flowing type atomizer is chosen as the experiment object for the practical application. In the experiment, oil mist diameter is selected as the measurement standard and the two elements, air pressure and the distance between the end of pin valve and outlet, as the primary influence. Finally, the most inportant influence element and values of the two elements when atomizer performs best are fixed by the orthogonal method.
Besides the structure of atomizer, physical charateristics of liquid meanwhile can not be neglected. In the mathematical model, the influence from surface tension and viscosity can be analyzed qualitively. The influence can also be showed by experiment upon liquids with the different physical parameters. By comprising the outcomes from both theory and experiment, the thesis comes to a final conclusion. This contributes a lot to the understanding of elements that can influence the atomization.
All in all, the thesis can play a guiding role in ultrasonic atomizer design. However, the research needs to be further continued due to my limited exploration.
本文简述了超声波雾化机理和超声波雾化喷嘴的研究进展情况,并介绍了几种不同类型超声波雾化喷嘴的结构特点;通过研究分析超声波雾化喷嘴的结构和加工工艺,设计了气流式超声波油雾发生装置;因为气流雾化喷嘴在工业应用中较为广泛,所以结合现有的雾化喷嘴自行设计制造了二流外混式雾化喷嘴。为了检测雾化器的雾化性能,特搭建了实验台;并在实验部分着重对气流式雾化喷嘴进行测试。在实验研究过程中,以油雾粒径为衡量油雾发生器雾化效果的重要指标,并选择压缩空气压力和针阀与喷孔的距离为气流雾化器雾化效果的最主要的影响因素。通过正交实验,确定最佳雾化效果时的进气压力值和针阀顶端和喷口的距离值,同时确定哪个是最关键的影响因素。
除了雾化器本身的结构,液体的物理性质对雾化效果也有很大的影响。在数学模型中可以定性的分析出表面张力和液体黏度对雾化效果的影响;通过在气流雾化喷嘴基础上的实验,确定表面张力和黏度对雾化效果的影响,最后将理论分析的结果和实验得出的结果做以比较。这对以后更加深入的研究雾化效果的影响因素,提供了实验支持。
总之,本文对超声雾化喷嘴的设计具有一定的指导意义,但由于超声雾化机理较复杂,有待于更深入的研究。
In comparison with tradtitional lubrication method, oil mist lubrication is more advanced for its high efficiency, low malfactuion and little polution to environment. For the further development of various types of oil mist generator, an absolutely new oil mist generator, air-flowing type oil mist generator, is introduced. Its mechanism of atomization is ultrasonic atomization, which depends on the air jeting into resonance cavity. Because of the rushing air with high velocity, ultrasonic wave of high frequancy and large amplitude is generated. In addition, liquid whistle is designed in its structure for the magnification of ultrasonic wave that aims to atomize oil into smaller droplets.
Atomization mechanism and the development of ultrasonic atomizer is introduced. Furthermore, structures of various types of atomizer are presented. Based on these theories and experience, a new ultrasonic oil mist atomizer is designed and manufactured. Experiment platform is constructed for the measurement of atomizer's performance. Afterwards, the air-flowing type atomizer is chosen as the experiment object for the practical application. In the experiment, oil mist diameter is selected as the measurement standard and the two elements, air pressure and the distance between the end of pin valve and outlet, as the primary influence. Finally, the most inportant influence element and values of the two elements when atomizer performs best are fixed by the orthogonal method.
Besides the structure of atomizer, physical charateristics of liquid meanwhile can not be neglected. In the mathematical model, the influence from surface tension and viscosity can be analyzed qualitively. The influence can also be showed by experiment upon liquids with the different physical parameters. By comprising the outcomes from both theory and experiment, the thesis comes to a final conclusion. This contributes a lot to the understanding of elements that can influence the atomization.
All in all, the thesis can play a guiding role in ultrasonic atomizer design. However, the research needs to be further continued due to my limited exploration.
引文
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20.安辉.内混式双流体渣油雾化喷嘴的试验研究[D],大连:大连理工大学,2003.
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25.仇性启,王宗明,王丽娟等.气动旋流雾化原油喷嘴雾化特性实验研究[J],石油机 械,2001,29(2):5-7.
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28.田春霞,仇性启,崔运静.喷嘴雾化技术进展[J],工业加热,2005,34(4):39-42.
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