金湖凹陷低孔低渗储层分布与测井评价方法研究
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摘要
随着金湖凹陷勘探开发工作的不断深入,低孔低渗储层已成为目前甚至将来的主要勘探目标。但由于此类油层通常具有低孔、低渗、孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强等特征,测井响应复杂,储层测井评价和油层解释工作存在极大的难度,且由于影响低孔低渗储层发育的因素较多,现今对研究区内低孔低渗储层的时空展布仍缺乏系统认识。因此,开展金湖凹陷低孔低渗储层测井评价方法及分布研究具有重要意义。
低孔低渗储层特征的研究是储层测井评价的基础。论文研究中,首先综合测井、录井、岩心分析测试等资料,分析了金湖凹陷低孔低渗储层的岩性、物性、电性及含油气性等特征及四性之间的相互关系,并探讨了不同岩性的识别方法。在此基础上,使用岩心刻度测井技术,同时参考前人研究成果,建立了研究区各构造带不同层段储层的孔隙度模型、渗透率模型、泥质含量模型、粒度中值模型及含油饱和度模型。之后,依据试油资料、压汞资料及测井解释结果,采用测试法、排驱压力/中值压力法及试油验证法,建立了各构造带不同层段不同岩性低孔低渗储层的有效厚度下限标准。
高分辨率感应、核磁共振、成像测井、多极阵列声波等测井新技术为低孔低渗储层测井评价提供了新的解释思路和解决途径。阵列感应测井可以描述钻井液侵入特性、作二维图像显示等;核磁共振测井不受岩性影响,可以直接获得地层有效孔隙度、渗透率、可动流体体积及束缚流体体积等参数;成像测井可用于岩性、裂缝及地应力分析;多极阵列声波测井能够用于地应力分析,为压裂及射孔施工提供依据。
论文研究中,从宏观及微观上探讨了金湖凹陷低孔低渗储层发育的控制因素,包括沉积作用、构造特征、成岩作用、储层的岩石学特征、孔隙结构特征等,其中,沉积相及成岩作用是研究区低孔低渗储层发育的主控因素。
在上述研究基础上,运用所建立的测井评价方法,选取金湖凹陷各构造带中有代表性的13口井,进行二次测井解释,新解释油层19层。在测井二次解释新发现低孔低渗储层及试油过程中已发现低孔低渗储层的控制下,结合低孔低渗储层发育的控制因素,研究了阜宁组及戴南组各段地层中低孔低渗储层的平面展布特征,指出了低孔低渗储层分布的优势区域,为下步油气勘探指明了方向。
With the exploration and development of Jinhu depression, Reservoirs with low porosity and permeability have been the main exploration target at present and even in the future days. But because of their low porosity, low permeability, complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity, it is very difficult to evaluate them with logging data and oil layers are not easy to interpreate. So the research of evaluation methods and distribution of low porosity and permeability reservoirs is of great significance.
The study of the characteristics of low porosity and permeability peservoirs is the base of reservoir logging evaluation. Firstly, the lithology, physical properties, electrical behavior, oil-bearing properties of low porosity and permeability reservoirs in Jinhu depression and the relationship between them were analysised and recognition methods for different lithologies were studied, on this basis, a series of models of different sections in different structural belts , such as , its porosity model , permeability model, median size calculating model and shale content model were set up with core calibrating log technology and previous research. Then, according to oil production test data, mercury injection data and results of well log interpretation,the net pay cut off of different lithologies in different sections were established with test method, displacement pressure/median pressure method and oil production test verification method.
HDIL ,NMR ,FMI and XMAC logging have great advantages on evaluate low porosity and permeability reservoirs. HDIL logging can describe drilling fluid invasion characteristics and provide 2D images; a series of parameters such as porosity , permeability , movable fluid volume and irreducible fluid volume can be gained from NMR logging, which is not affected by lithologies directly; FMI logging can be used to analysis lithologies ,fractures and crustal stress;XMAC logging can also be used to analysis crustal stress,in addition,it can provide reference for fracturing and perforation.
The macro- factors and micro-factors ,including sedimentation process,structure characteristics,diagenesis,petrologic characteristics and pore structure characteristics , that control low porosity and permeability reservoirs in Jinhu depression were studied in the research.Sedimentation process and diagenesis were the major factors.
Based on the researchs above,19 oil layers were found by reinterpreting 13 typical wells of different structural belts in Jinhu depression . Under the control of the 19 new oil layers above and the low porosity and permeability reservoirs which were found in oil testing process , and meanwhile combining the factors that control low porosity and permeability reservoirs , the distribution of low porosity and permeability reservoirs of E1f and E2s formations were researched . This research pointed out the dominant area of low porosity and permeability reservoirs and the next exploration direction.
低孔低渗储层特征的研究是储层测井评价的基础。论文研究中,首先综合测井、录井、岩心分析测试等资料,分析了金湖凹陷低孔低渗储层的岩性、物性、电性及含油气性等特征及四性之间的相互关系,并探讨了不同岩性的识别方法。在此基础上,使用岩心刻度测井技术,同时参考前人研究成果,建立了研究区各构造带不同层段储层的孔隙度模型、渗透率模型、泥质含量模型、粒度中值模型及含油饱和度模型。之后,依据试油资料、压汞资料及测井解释结果,采用测试法、排驱压力/中值压力法及试油验证法,建立了各构造带不同层段不同岩性低孔低渗储层的有效厚度下限标准。
高分辨率感应、核磁共振、成像测井、多极阵列声波等测井新技术为低孔低渗储层测井评价提供了新的解释思路和解决途径。阵列感应测井可以描述钻井液侵入特性、作二维图像显示等;核磁共振测井不受岩性影响,可以直接获得地层有效孔隙度、渗透率、可动流体体积及束缚流体体积等参数;成像测井可用于岩性、裂缝及地应力分析;多极阵列声波测井能够用于地应力分析,为压裂及射孔施工提供依据。
论文研究中,从宏观及微观上探讨了金湖凹陷低孔低渗储层发育的控制因素,包括沉积作用、构造特征、成岩作用、储层的岩石学特征、孔隙结构特征等,其中,沉积相及成岩作用是研究区低孔低渗储层发育的主控因素。
在上述研究基础上,运用所建立的测井评价方法,选取金湖凹陷各构造带中有代表性的13口井,进行二次测井解释,新解释油层19层。在测井二次解释新发现低孔低渗储层及试油过程中已发现低孔低渗储层的控制下,结合低孔低渗储层发育的控制因素,研究了阜宁组及戴南组各段地层中低孔低渗储层的平面展布特征,指出了低孔低渗储层分布的优势区域,为下步油气勘探指明了方向。
With the exploration and development of Jinhu depression, Reservoirs with low porosity and permeability have been the main exploration target at present and even in the future days. But because of their low porosity, low permeability, complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity, it is very difficult to evaluate them with logging data and oil layers are not easy to interpreate. So the research of evaluation methods and distribution of low porosity and permeability reservoirs is of great significance.
The study of the characteristics of low porosity and permeability peservoirs is the base of reservoir logging evaluation. Firstly, the lithology, physical properties, electrical behavior, oil-bearing properties of low porosity and permeability reservoirs in Jinhu depression and the relationship between them were analysised and recognition methods for different lithologies were studied, on this basis, a series of models of different sections in different structural belts , such as , its porosity model , permeability model, median size calculating model and shale content model were set up with core calibrating log technology and previous research. Then, according to oil production test data, mercury injection data and results of well log interpretation,the net pay cut off of different lithologies in different sections were established with test method, displacement pressure/median pressure method and oil production test verification method.
HDIL ,NMR ,FMI and XMAC logging have great advantages on evaluate low porosity and permeability reservoirs. HDIL logging can describe drilling fluid invasion characteristics and provide 2D images; a series of parameters such as porosity , permeability , movable fluid volume and irreducible fluid volume can be gained from NMR logging, which is not affected by lithologies directly; FMI logging can be used to analysis lithologies ,fractures and crustal stress;XMAC logging can also be used to analysis crustal stress,in addition,it can provide reference for fracturing and perforation.
The macro- factors and micro-factors ,including sedimentation process,structure characteristics,diagenesis,petrologic characteristics and pore structure characteristics , that control low porosity and permeability reservoirs in Jinhu depression were studied in the research.Sedimentation process and diagenesis were the major factors.
Based on the researchs above,19 oil layers were found by reinterpreting 13 typical wells of different structural belts in Jinhu depression . Under the control of the 19 new oil layers above and the low porosity and permeability reservoirs which were found in oil testing process , and meanwhile combining the factors that control low porosity and permeability reservoirs , the distribution of low porosity and permeability reservoirs of E1f and E2s formations were researched . This research pointed out the dominant area of low porosity and permeability reservoirs and the next exploration direction.
引文
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