阿姆河盆地Smaker区上侏罗统沉积微相研究与储层评价
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摘要
Smaker地区位于阿姆河盆地东北部。勘探实践证明阿姆河盆地上侏罗统碳酸盐岩生物礁滩储层具有广阔的油气潜力,但对其地质研究较为薄弱。本文以沉积学、储层地质学、地球物理学等理论为指导,以岩心、测井、地震及相关地质资料为基础,参考前人研究成果,对研究区上侏罗统开展详细地层对比、沉积微相特征、储层特征等研究工作,并对有利储层进行分类与评价,最终指出有利储层分布区,为研究区勘探和开发提供依据。
在对上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津组地层岩性、电性特征详细分析的基础上,参考前人研究成果,充分利用三维地震资料,应用地层学原理和方法,将卡洛夫-牛津组自下而上划分为8个岩性段,建立了研究区地层格架,并详细分析了各段地层发育特征。
综合岩心观察描述、薄片鉴定、测井响应特征、地震资料及区域沉积背景的分析,认为研究区卡洛夫-牛津组发育碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘、前缘斜坡等沉积相类型,并进一步划分为7种亚相和13种微相。在此基础上,通过单井相、剖面相及地震相平面展布特征分析,明确了卡洛夫-牛津组各时期沉积相平面展布特征和演化规律,并建立了适合研究区的沉积相模式。
综合利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性、压汞等多种分析化验资料,对储层的岩石学特征、储集空间类型、孔渗特征、孔隙结构特征进行了研究,认为储层岩性以生物礁灰岩和颗粒灰岩为主,储集空间以各类溶蚀孔隙为主,溶洞和裂缝次之,物性较好,中孔中渗型储层,孔隙结构以中孔中吼为主。并在此基础上并分析了储层发育的控制因素。综合沉积相展布特征、储层特征及有效储层物性下限,对研究区卡洛夫-牛津组储层进行了分类和评价,将储层分为3类,以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ为主,XVm段储层最为有利,XVp段中等,XVac段较差。麦捷让背斜东部发育的台内礁滩,以Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层,规模大,物性好,具有良好的勘探潜力。
Smaker area is located in the northeast region of the Amu Darya Basin. According to the exploration, the Upper Jurassic carbonate reef reservoir of the Amu Darya Basin has wide oil and gas potential, but the geology research is relatively weak. In this paper, on the basis of previous research results, it will use the sedimentology, reservoir geology, geophysics, and other theories, combined with the dill core, logging, seismic and related geological data, to study the detailed stratigraphic correlation, sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Jurassic, classify and evaluate the reservoir, and point out the high quality reservoir of this area eventually, in order to provide the basis for further exploration and development.
On the basis of the detailed analysis about group lithology and electric characteristics in the Upper Jurassic Karloff - Oxford, referring to previous research results, making full use of three-dimensional seismic data, stratigraphic principles and methods of application, here divide the Karloff - Oxford bottom-up into 8 lithologic groups to establish the stratigraphic framework in this area, and analysis the characteristics of each stratigraphic section finely.
Whereas the research of the core description, thin section analysis, logging features, seismic data and regional analysis of sedimentary background, we mention that the Karloff - Oxford group develops carbonate platform, platform margin, front slope facies types, and can be divided into 7 sub-facies and 13 microfacies. Then through analyzing the single well facies, profile facies and the distribution of seismic characteristics, we define the distribution of the sedimentary characteristics of facies and evolution history of the Karloff - Oxford group, and establish the sedimentary facies mode of the area.
Using the information of cast thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, physical property, mercury penetration and other data, to do the research of reservoir rock characteristics, reservoir space type, porosity and permeability characteristics, pore structure characteristics. It suspects that the primary reservior rock are reef limestone and limestone particles, the main pore space type is corrosion, followed by cracks and caves, physical property is good , the porosity and permeability are moderate, and the pore structure is moderate pore throat. Then the passage analyzes the controlling factors of reservoir development.
Referring to the general characteristics of sedimentary facies, reservoir characteristics and the lower limit of effective reservoir properties, we do the classification and evaluation of the Karloff - Oxford group reservoir. The reservoir is divided into three categories, the mainly ones areⅡandⅢ, the best one is in XVm section, XVp is the middle section, and XVac section is poor. The eastern reef platform of Michael McNair anticline is mainlyⅠandⅡreservoir, which are large scale, good physical properties, and with good exploration potential.
在对上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津组地层岩性、电性特征详细分析的基础上,参考前人研究成果,充分利用三维地震资料,应用地层学原理和方法,将卡洛夫-牛津组自下而上划分为8个岩性段,建立了研究区地层格架,并详细分析了各段地层发育特征。
综合岩心观察描述、薄片鉴定、测井响应特征、地震资料及区域沉积背景的分析,认为研究区卡洛夫-牛津组发育碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘、前缘斜坡等沉积相类型,并进一步划分为7种亚相和13种微相。在此基础上,通过单井相、剖面相及地震相平面展布特征分析,明确了卡洛夫-牛津组各时期沉积相平面展布特征和演化规律,并建立了适合研究区的沉积相模式。
综合利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性、压汞等多种分析化验资料,对储层的岩石学特征、储集空间类型、孔渗特征、孔隙结构特征进行了研究,认为储层岩性以生物礁灰岩和颗粒灰岩为主,储集空间以各类溶蚀孔隙为主,溶洞和裂缝次之,物性较好,中孔中渗型储层,孔隙结构以中孔中吼为主。并在此基础上并分析了储层发育的控制因素。综合沉积相展布特征、储层特征及有效储层物性下限,对研究区卡洛夫-牛津组储层进行了分类和评价,将储层分为3类,以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ为主,XVm段储层最为有利,XVp段中等,XVac段较差。麦捷让背斜东部发育的台内礁滩,以Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层,规模大,物性好,具有良好的勘探潜力。
Smaker area is located in the northeast region of the Amu Darya Basin. According to the exploration, the Upper Jurassic carbonate reef reservoir of the Amu Darya Basin has wide oil and gas potential, but the geology research is relatively weak. In this paper, on the basis of previous research results, it will use the sedimentology, reservoir geology, geophysics, and other theories, combined with the dill core, logging, seismic and related geological data, to study the detailed stratigraphic correlation, sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Jurassic, classify and evaluate the reservoir, and point out the high quality reservoir of this area eventually, in order to provide the basis for further exploration and development.
On the basis of the detailed analysis about group lithology and electric characteristics in the Upper Jurassic Karloff - Oxford, referring to previous research results, making full use of three-dimensional seismic data, stratigraphic principles and methods of application, here divide the Karloff - Oxford bottom-up into 8 lithologic groups to establish the stratigraphic framework in this area, and analysis the characteristics of each stratigraphic section finely.
Whereas the research of the core description, thin section analysis, logging features, seismic data and regional analysis of sedimentary background, we mention that the Karloff - Oxford group develops carbonate platform, platform margin, front slope facies types, and can be divided into 7 sub-facies and 13 microfacies. Then through analyzing the single well facies, profile facies and the distribution of seismic characteristics, we define the distribution of the sedimentary characteristics of facies and evolution history of the Karloff - Oxford group, and establish the sedimentary facies mode of the area.
Using the information of cast thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, physical property, mercury penetration and other data, to do the research of reservoir rock characteristics, reservoir space type, porosity and permeability characteristics, pore structure characteristics. It suspects that the primary reservior rock are reef limestone and limestone particles, the main pore space type is corrosion, followed by cracks and caves, physical property is good , the porosity and permeability are moderate, and the pore structure is moderate pore throat. Then the passage analyzes the controlling factors of reservoir development.
Referring to the general characteristics of sedimentary facies, reservoir characteristics and the lower limit of effective reservoir properties, we do the classification and evaluation of the Karloff - Oxford group reservoir. The reservoir is divided into three categories, the mainly ones areⅡandⅢ, the best one is in XVm section, XVp is the middle section, and XVac section is poor. The eastern reef platform of Michael McNair anticline is mainlyⅠandⅡreservoir, which are large scale, good physical properties, and with good exploration potential.
引文
[1]安作相,胡征钦.中亚含油气地区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:29-129.
[2] MEISEL T, KRAHENBUHL U, NAZAROV M A. Combined osmium and strontium isotopic study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Sumbar, Turkmenistan: A test for an impact vs. a volcanic hypothesis [J]. Geology, 1995(5): 313-316.
[3]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地含油气系统划分与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):515-520.
[4]徐文世,刘秀联,余志清等.中亚阿姆河含油气盆地构造特征[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):744-748.
[5]费怀义等.阿姆河右岸区块气藏特征[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):13-17.
[6] Margaret Gary , Robert McAfee , Jr . and Carol L . Wolf . Glossary of Geology[M].Washington,D.C.:American Geological Institute,1972:11-25.
[7]姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:257-259,403-439.
[8]王良忱,张金亮.沉积环境和沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:1-4.
[9] Reading H G.Sedimentary Environments and Facies (2nd ed)[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1986:9-20.
[10] P lint A G.Sedimentary Facies Analysis[M].I A S Special Publication 22.London: Blackwell Science L td,1995:7-35.
[11]顾家裕等.油气沉积学发展回顾和应用现状[J].沉积学报,2003,1(21):131-141.
[12]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:2-45.
[13]宋璠,侯加根等.利用测井曲线研究陆相湖泊沉积微相[J].测井技术,2009,33(6):589-592.
[14]王贵文,郭荣坤.测井地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:34-189.
[15] L.F.布朗,地震地层学解释与石油勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:25-69.
[16]迈思内尔R,施特格东L著,吴晖译.实用地震勘探技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1982:58-68.
[17]朱剑兵,赵培坤等.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009, 32(2):167-171.
[18]曾伟等.川中—川南过渡带上三叠统香溪群储层成岩作用的定量评价与成岩相[J].矿物岩石,1996,16(4):64-69.
[19]王允诚.油气储层地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:12-28.
[20]刘宝珺,张锦泉.沉积成岩作用[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:5-18.
[21]李忠等.含油气盆地成岩作用的科学问题及研究前沿[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2113-2122.
[22]刘建清,赖兴运等.成岩作用的研究现状及展望[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):65-72.
[23]樊爱萍,杨仁超等.成岩作用研究进展与发展方向[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(2):1-8.
[24]陈杰,周改英.储层岩石孔隙结构特征研究方法综述[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(4):11-14.
[25]王永刚,地震资料综合解释方法[M].石油大学出版社,2007:1-8.
[26]郭华军,刘庆成等.地震属性技术的历史、现状及发展趋势[J].物探与化探. 2008,32(1):19-22.
[27]吴胜和,金振奎等编著.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:6-25.
[28]胡向阳,熊琦华等.储层建模方法研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版. 2001.25(1): 107-112.
[29]于兴河,李剑峰.油气储层研究所面临的挑战与新动向[J].地学前,1995,2(3/4),213-220.
[30] YERMOLKIN V I . Zonality of oil and gas accumulation on platforms [M]. Moscow: Nedra,1986:185.
[31]李浩武,童晓光等.阿姆河盆地侏罗系成藏组合地质特征及勘探潜力[J].天然气工业, 2010,30(5):6-12.
[32]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地油气地质特征与有利区带预测[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):260-264.
[33]张志伟,何永垚等.中亚地区阿姆河盆地查尔朱、布哈拉阶地构造特征及演化[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(4):48-56.
[34]白国平,殷进垠.中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式[J].古地理学报,2007,9(3):284-300.
[35]徐剑良,程绪彬等.阿姆河右岸区块构造演化与成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):18-20.
[36] Otto S C.Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of deformation and petroleum systems in sedimentary basins of Central Asia: Implications of collisions on the Eurasian margin [J],Petroleum Geoscience,1997:327-341.
[37]张兵,郑荣才等.土库曼斯坦萨曼杰佩气田卡洛夫阶—牛津阶碳酸盐岩储层特征[J].地质学报,2010,84(1):117-126.
[38]华东石油学院岩矿教研室.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982:45-58.
[39]孙林,陈笑青等.多方法识别和预测盐下生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):79-83.
[40]罗蛰潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:2-12.
[2] MEISEL T, KRAHENBUHL U, NAZAROV M A. Combined osmium and strontium isotopic study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Sumbar, Turkmenistan: A test for an impact vs. a volcanic hypothesis [J]. Geology, 1995(5): 313-316.
[3]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地含油气系统划分与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):515-520.
[4]徐文世,刘秀联,余志清等.中亚阿姆河含油气盆地构造特征[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):744-748.
[5]费怀义等.阿姆河右岸区块气藏特征[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):13-17.
[6] Margaret Gary , Robert McAfee , Jr . and Carol L . Wolf . Glossary of Geology[M].Washington,D.C.:American Geological Institute,1972:11-25.
[7]姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:257-259,403-439.
[8]王良忱,张金亮.沉积环境和沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:1-4.
[9] Reading H G.Sedimentary Environments and Facies (2nd ed)[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1986:9-20.
[10] P lint A G.Sedimentary Facies Analysis[M].I A S Special Publication 22.London: Blackwell Science L td,1995:7-35.
[11]顾家裕等.油气沉积学发展回顾和应用现状[J].沉积学报,2003,1(21):131-141.
[12]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:2-45.
[13]宋璠,侯加根等.利用测井曲线研究陆相湖泊沉积微相[J].测井技术,2009,33(6):589-592.
[14]王贵文,郭荣坤.测井地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:34-189.
[15] L.F.布朗,地震地层学解释与石油勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:25-69.
[16]迈思内尔R,施特格东L著,吴晖译.实用地震勘探技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1982:58-68.
[17]朱剑兵,赵培坤等.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009, 32(2):167-171.
[18]曾伟等.川中—川南过渡带上三叠统香溪群储层成岩作用的定量评价与成岩相[J].矿物岩石,1996,16(4):64-69.
[19]王允诚.油气储层地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:12-28.
[20]刘宝珺,张锦泉.沉积成岩作用[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:5-18.
[21]李忠等.含油气盆地成岩作用的科学问题及研究前沿[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2113-2122.
[22]刘建清,赖兴运等.成岩作用的研究现状及展望[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):65-72.
[23]樊爱萍,杨仁超等.成岩作用研究进展与发展方向[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(2):1-8.
[24]陈杰,周改英.储层岩石孔隙结构特征研究方法综述[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(4):11-14.
[25]王永刚,地震资料综合解释方法[M].石油大学出版社,2007:1-8.
[26]郭华军,刘庆成等.地震属性技术的历史、现状及发展趋势[J].物探与化探. 2008,32(1):19-22.
[27]吴胜和,金振奎等编著.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:6-25.
[28]胡向阳,熊琦华等.储层建模方法研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版. 2001.25(1): 107-112.
[29]于兴河,李剑峰.油气储层研究所面临的挑战与新动向[J].地学前,1995,2(3/4),213-220.
[30] YERMOLKIN V I . Zonality of oil and gas accumulation on platforms [M]. Moscow: Nedra,1986:185.
[31]李浩武,童晓光等.阿姆河盆地侏罗系成藏组合地质特征及勘探潜力[J].天然气工业, 2010,30(5):6-12.
[32]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地油气地质特征与有利区带预测[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):260-264.
[33]张志伟,何永垚等.中亚地区阿姆河盆地查尔朱、布哈拉阶地构造特征及演化[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(4):48-56.
[34]白国平,殷进垠.中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式[J].古地理学报,2007,9(3):284-300.
[35]徐剑良,程绪彬等.阿姆河右岸区块构造演化与成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):18-20.
[36] Otto S C.Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of deformation and petroleum systems in sedimentary basins of Central Asia: Implications of collisions on the Eurasian margin [J],Petroleum Geoscience,1997:327-341.
[37]张兵,郑荣才等.土库曼斯坦萨曼杰佩气田卡洛夫阶—牛津阶碳酸盐岩储层特征[J].地质学报,2010,84(1):117-126.
[38]华东石油学院岩矿教研室.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982:45-58.
[39]孙林,陈笑青等.多方法识别和预测盐下生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):79-83.
[40]罗蛰潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:2-12.