大型客运站交通疏解系统协调分析模型方法研究
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摘要
现代城市的大型铁路客运站都是集对外城间铁路交通和市内交通各种运输方式于一体的大型综合交通枢纽。所以,实现大型客运站的铁路交通与站区市内交通疏解系统间的协调规划与运输组织管理,对充分发挥交通枢纽的综合交通功能、提高综合交通效率和服务质量等都具有重要的实际意义。由于合理的大型客运站综合交通疏解系统不仅涉及到各种交通方式的技术经济条件,而且还涉及到规划协调、站区布局协调以及大量客流换乘接驳集疏运复杂过程的组织协调问题。因此,大型客运站的综合交通运输协调问题是一个复杂的系统优化问题。
本论文结合参加铁道部重点科研项目“大型客运站仿真系统研究与开发”的实际研究工作,以北京南站为背景,对大型客运站交通疏解系统协调分析模型与方法进行了选题研究。
本论文在对国内外研究现状分析的基础上,主要对大型客运站交通结构的系统分析、交通疏解分担量预测模型、交通疏解系统协调分析模型与方法等内容进行了深入研究,并结合北京南站站区市内交通疏解系统的实际进行了实例分析。论文采用系统分析的方法,提出了以换乘总时间最小、旅客换乘方便度最大为目标的交通疏解方式分担率预测的Logit模型及参数优化估计方法；建立了城市轨道交通、常规公交和出租车交通疏解系统与对外铁路交通运能及运输组织协调分析的模型与方法。
论文针对北京南站公交线路及轨道交通线路衔接分布状况进行分析(包括始发公交21条线路,途径公交12条线路以及城市轨道交通的地铁4、14号线),对站区交通疏解协调方案进行了实例模拟分析,提出了2015年和2020年站区各种交通方式交通疏解协调分担率,分析了北京南站各种交通方式疏解协调性现状(地铁4号线采用发车间隔5分钟,编组6节能够满足需求,地铁运能充足；公交采用平均发车间隔11分钟能够满足高峰小时的需求情况,如果现状常规公交采用12分钟发车间隔方案,建议新增2条始发公交线路,2条途径公交线路,如果采用15分钟公交发车间隔,建议新增5条始发、9条途径公交线路方案),提出了2020年各种交通方式的协调疏解运输组织方案(2020年地铁4、14号线采用发车间隔2分钟、列车编组6节方案；2020年,不增加公交线路的情况下采用8分钟发车间隔方案,采用10分钟的发车间隔,建议新增2条始发,3条途径公交线路),为北京南站大型客运站的综合运营管理组织提供了决策依据。
A large modern city rail passenger station are set outside the city railway transport and urban transport mode of transport in one large integrated transport hub. Therefore, to achieve large-scale passenger station of the railway station area traffic and ease the city's transport system, transport planning and coordination between the organization and management, on the full play to the comprehensive transportation hub function, improve integrated transport efficiency and service quality are all important practical significance. As a reasonable Large-scale integrated transport terminal Reconciliation System not only to the technical and economic conditions of a variety of transport modes, but also to the planning and coordination, coordination of station area and a large passenger transfer the layout to connect the process of collection and distribution organization and coordination of complex issues. Therefore, the large-scale integrated transport terminal coordination problem is a complex system optimization problem.
Research topic of this paper carried out on Large Passenger Traffic Reconciliation System Coordination Model and Method, combining to participate in the thesis research project of the Ministry of Railways "Large Terminal Simulation System", and in the context of Beijing South Railway Station.
In this thesis, based on analyzing the current situation at home and abroad, mainly conducted in-depth research on Systematic Analysis of Large Passenger traffic structure, Share volume of traffic ease prediction model, the models and methods of Traffic Reconciliation System Coordination analysis and so on, and for examples of the actual of Beijing South Railway Station Traffic Reconciliation System. In this thesis, used system analysis method, Proposed the sharing prediction Logit model of traffic ease way to the smallest Transfer total time, the greatest facilitate Passenger transfer target and proposed parameter optimization estimation method; Established the transport capacity and transport organization coordination model and method between Rail transit, bus and taxi Traffic Reconciliation System and outside rail System
In this thesis, the distribution of Beijing South Railway Station bus lines and rail lines is analyzed (Including originating bus (21 lines), Channel bus (12 lines) and urban rail (metro line 4,14),) A simulation case of transport ease coordination program, Proposed the Traffic Reconciliation sharing of the various modes in the 2015 and 2020. Analyzed the ease coordination state of various of the transportation modes in Beijing South Railway Station(Metro Line 4 by the grid interval 5 minutes, Marshalling 6 to meet the needs, Metro transport capacity sufficient. Bus with an average interval of 11 minutes departure to meet peak hour demand, In the present situation, if conventional bus with 12-minute departure spacing program, proposed to increase two originating bus lines, two channels bus lines; If you start with 15 minutes interval, proposed to increase five originating bus lines, nine channels bus lines.);And proposed in 2020 ease coordination Transport Organization program of various of transportation modes(in 2020, subway lines 4,14with the grid spacing 2 minutes, Marshalling 6. In 2020, in case of without increasing the bus routes, using the 8 minutes Departure spacing program; If using a 10-minute interval, proposed to increase two originating bus lines, three channels bus lines.)and provide a theoretical basis for Beijing South Railway Station Integrated Operations Management Organization
本论文结合参加铁道部重点科研项目“大型客运站仿真系统研究与开发”的实际研究工作,以北京南站为背景,对大型客运站交通疏解系统协调分析模型与方法进行了选题研究。
本论文在对国内外研究现状分析的基础上,主要对大型客运站交通结构的系统分析、交通疏解分担量预测模型、交通疏解系统协调分析模型与方法等内容进行了深入研究,并结合北京南站站区市内交通疏解系统的实际进行了实例分析。论文采用系统分析的方法,提出了以换乘总时间最小、旅客换乘方便度最大为目标的交通疏解方式分担率预测的Logit模型及参数优化估计方法；建立了城市轨道交通、常规公交和出租车交通疏解系统与对外铁路交通运能及运输组织协调分析的模型与方法。
论文针对北京南站公交线路及轨道交通线路衔接分布状况进行分析(包括始发公交21条线路,途径公交12条线路以及城市轨道交通的地铁4、14号线),对站区交通疏解协调方案进行了实例模拟分析,提出了2015年和2020年站区各种交通方式交通疏解协调分担率,分析了北京南站各种交通方式疏解协调性现状(地铁4号线采用发车间隔5分钟,编组6节能够满足需求,地铁运能充足；公交采用平均发车间隔11分钟能够满足高峰小时的需求情况,如果现状常规公交采用12分钟发车间隔方案,建议新增2条始发公交线路,2条途径公交线路,如果采用15分钟公交发车间隔,建议新增5条始发、9条途径公交线路方案),提出了2020年各种交通方式的协调疏解运输组织方案(2020年地铁4、14号线采用发车间隔2分钟、列车编组6节方案；2020年,不增加公交线路的情况下采用8分钟发车间隔方案,采用10分钟的发车间隔,建议新增2条始发,3条途径公交线路),为北京南站大型客运站的综合运营管理组织提供了决策依据。
A large modern city rail passenger station are set outside the city railway transport and urban transport mode of transport in one large integrated transport hub. Therefore, to achieve large-scale passenger station of the railway station area traffic and ease the city's transport system, transport planning and coordination between the organization and management, on the full play to the comprehensive transportation hub function, improve integrated transport efficiency and service quality are all important practical significance. As a reasonable Large-scale integrated transport terminal Reconciliation System not only to the technical and economic conditions of a variety of transport modes, but also to the planning and coordination, coordination of station area and a large passenger transfer the layout to connect the process of collection and distribution organization and coordination of complex issues. Therefore, the large-scale integrated transport terminal coordination problem is a complex system optimization problem.
Research topic of this paper carried out on Large Passenger Traffic Reconciliation System Coordination Model and Method, combining to participate in the thesis research project of the Ministry of Railways "Large Terminal Simulation System", and in the context of Beijing South Railway Station.
In this thesis, based on analyzing the current situation at home and abroad, mainly conducted in-depth research on Systematic Analysis of Large Passenger traffic structure, Share volume of traffic ease prediction model, the models and methods of Traffic Reconciliation System Coordination analysis and so on, and for examples of the actual of Beijing South Railway Station Traffic Reconciliation System. In this thesis, used system analysis method, Proposed the sharing prediction Logit model of traffic ease way to the smallest Transfer total time, the greatest facilitate Passenger transfer target and proposed parameter optimization estimation method; Established the transport capacity and transport organization coordination model and method between Rail transit, bus and taxi Traffic Reconciliation System and outside rail System
In this thesis, the distribution of Beijing South Railway Station bus lines and rail lines is analyzed (Including originating bus (21 lines), Channel bus (12 lines) and urban rail (metro line 4,14),) A simulation case of transport ease coordination program, Proposed the Traffic Reconciliation sharing of the various modes in the 2015 and 2020. Analyzed the ease coordination state of various of the transportation modes in Beijing South Railway Station(Metro Line 4 by the grid interval 5 minutes, Marshalling 6 to meet the needs, Metro transport capacity sufficient. Bus with an average interval of 11 minutes departure to meet peak hour demand, In the present situation, if conventional bus with 12-minute departure spacing program, proposed to increase two originating bus lines, two channels bus lines; If you start with 15 minutes interval, proposed to increase five originating bus lines, nine channels bus lines.);And proposed in 2020 ease coordination Transport Organization program of various of transportation modes(in 2020, subway lines 4,14with the grid spacing 2 minutes, Marshalling 6. In 2020, in case of without increasing the bus routes, using the 8 minutes Departure spacing program; If using a 10-minute interval, proposed to increase two originating bus lines, three channels bus lines.)and provide a theoretical basis for Beijing South Railway Station Integrated Operations Management Organization
引文
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[2]刘其斌,马桂贞主编.铁路车站及枢纽.北京：中国铁道出版社.2005
[3]高红艳,吕浩.城市客运交通枢纽的发展趋势研究[J].综合运输.2005(3)：60-62
[4]中国铁道科学研究院运输及经济研究所.客运专线客运站车站能力计算仿真软件开发及研究：研究报告.北京：中国铁道科学研究院.2009
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[7]Current, D.A. Schilling. The median Tour and Maximal Covering Problem[J].European Journal of Operational Research(1994)
[8]钟华颖等.城市设计中的交通换乘体系[J].规划师.2004.1(3)
[9]赵奎菊,杨戎生,王政.西柏林城市客运交通的现状及其建设经验[M].北京：北京市科技情报研究所
[10]邱丽丽,顾保南.国外典型大型综合枢纽布局设计实例剖析[J].轨道交通研究.2006.3：55-59
[11]晏克非等.城市综合客运交通体系中换乘研究[J].长沙交通学院学报.2000.16(2)
[12]王麟书.关于我国铁路客站站房建设的思考.中国铁路.2005年11月
[13]钟华颖,韩冬青.城市设计中的交通换乘体系[J].规划师.2004年01期
[14]赵正佳,郭耀煌,张建勇.客运联合运输中铁路与其他运输方式衔接的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.2002.24(9)
[15]席庆,霍娅敏.交通运输枢纽中客运站点布局问题的研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1999.3：374-378
[16]孙小年,姜彩良.一体化客运交通换乘建设的策略与方法[J].交通世界.2005年第4期
[17]姜帆.城市大型交通枢纽规划理论与方法的研究[D].北方交通大学博士论文.2002
[18]陈大伟.大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究[学位论文].东南大学.2006.
[19]陶志祥.都市圈轨道交通枢纽规划理论及关键技术研究[D].东南大学博士论文.2004
[20]马振海.浅谈轨道交通网络规划和建设中存在的问题[J].铁道标准设计.2005.10：28-30
[21]郭峰.城市大型综合枢纽的衔接换乘研究—火车站前大型综合枢纽的衔接换乘[D].华中科技大学硕士论文.2004
[22]武香林,周商吾.公共交通换乘枢纽站设计[J].城市公共交通.2005(12)：32-36
[23]潘俊卿.城市对外客运枢纽换乘系统规划方法研究[学位论文].东南大学.2005
[24]周伟,姜彩良.城市交通枢纽旅客换乘问题研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2005.5(5)：23-30
[25]王建聪.城市客运枢纽换乘组织关键问题研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2006
[26]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法.北京：清华大学出版社.2007年12月
[27]吕慎.大城市客运交通枢纽规划理论与方法研究[D].东南大学博士论文.2004
[28]葛亮,王炜,邓卫等.城市客运换乘枢纽规划及设计方法研究[J].规划师.2004.10：53-55
[29]胡阿龙.城市内外交通换乘枢纽布局研究：学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2005
[30]郭嘉.客运专线与城市交通换乘客流预测及衔接方案研究：学位论文.北京：北京交通大学.2008
[31]颜影.铁路参与城市交通的线网规划及衔接研究：学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2005
[32]王国辉.铁路客运枢纽站与城市交通的衔接与协调研究学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2007
[33]张学尽.城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调性研究：学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2004
[34]Ibrahim.D.(1996).Bus route public transport route information system using a GPS. Traffic Engineering&Control.1996.37(9):519-522
[35]Alan.T.Murray.R.Davis.R.J.Stimson L.Ferreira(1998).Public Transportation access. Transportation Research Part D.1998.3(5):319-328
[36]Davis.D.G and B.John.P(1987). Level-of-service standards for platooning pedestrians in transportation t erminals. ITE Journal.1987.57(4):31-35
[37]Seneviratne.p.N and Morrall.J.F.(1985) level of service on pedestrian facilities. Transp.Q.1985.39(1):109-112
[38]Afarzadeh.M. and Braaksma.J.P.(2000). Optimum design and operation of airport passenger terminal buildings. Transportation Research Record.2000.(1703):72-82
[39]Bandera.S. and Wirasinghe.S.C.(1992). Optimum geometries for pier-type airport terminals. Journal of Transportation Engineering.1992.1.18(2).187-206
[40]Lemer.A.C(1992). Measuring performance of airport passenger terminals. Transportation Research. Part A:General.1992.2.6(1):37
[41]Odoni.A.R. and de Neufville.R.(1992). Passenger terminal design. Transportation Research. Part A:General.l992.2.6(1):27
[42]Lee.K.K.T. and Schonfeld.P.(1991). Optimal slack time for timed transfers at a transit terminal. Journal of Advanced Transportation.1991.25(3):281-308
[2]刘其斌,马桂贞主编.铁路车站及枢纽.北京：中国铁道出版社.2005
[3]高红艳,吕浩.城市客运交通枢纽的发展趋势研究[J].综合运输.2005(3)：60-62
[4]中国铁道科学研究院运输及经济研究所.客运专线客运站车站能力计算仿真软件开发及研究：研究报告.北京：中国铁道科学研究院.2009
[5]Meyer R. John, Kain F. The Urban Transportation Problem[J]. Cambridge(mass) Harvard University Press.1965
[6]加藤·晃竹内传史.城市交通和城市规划[M].南昌：江西省城市规划研究所译
[7]Current, D.A. Schilling. The median Tour and Maximal Covering Problem[J].European Journal of Operational Research(1994)
[8]钟华颖等.城市设计中的交通换乘体系[J].规划师.2004.1(3)
[9]赵奎菊,杨戎生,王政.西柏林城市客运交通的现状及其建设经验[M].北京：北京市科技情报研究所
[10]邱丽丽,顾保南.国外典型大型综合枢纽布局设计实例剖析[J].轨道交通研究.2006.3：55-59
[11]晏克非等.城市综合客运交通体系中换乘研究[J].长沙交通学院学报.2000.16(2)
[12]王麟书.关于我国铁路客站站房建设的思考.中国铁路.2005年11月
[13]钟华颖,韩冬青.城市设计中的交通换乘体系[J].规划师.2004年01期
[14]赵正佳,郭耀煌,张建勇.客运联合运输中铁路与其他运输方式衔接的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.2002.24(9)
[15]席庆,霍娅敏.交通运输枢纽中客运站点布局问题的研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1999.3：374-378
[16]孙小年,姜彩良.一体化客运交通换乘建设的策略与方法[J].交通世界.2005年第4期
[17]姜帆.城市大型交通枢纽规划理论与方法的研究[D].北方交通大学博士论文.2002
[18]陈大伟.大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究[学位论文].东南大学.2006.
[19]陶志祥.都市圈轨道交通枢纽规划理论及关键技术研究[D].东南大学博士论文.2004
[20]马振海.浅谈轨道交通网络规划和建设中存在的问题[J].铁道标准设计.2005.10：28-30
[21]郭峰.城市大型综合枢纽的衔接换乘研究—火车站前大型综合枢纽的衔接换乘[D].华中科技大学硕士论文.2004
[22]武香林,周商吾.公共交通换乘枢纽站设计[J].城市公共交通.2005(12)：32-36
[23]潘俊卿.城市对外客运枢纽换乘系统规划方法研究[学位论文].东南大学.2005
[24]周伟,姜彩良.城市交通枢纽旅客换乘问题研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2005.5(5)：23-30
[25]王建聪.城市客运枢纽换乘组织关键问题研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2006
[26]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法.北京：清华大学出版社.2007年12月
[27]吕慎.大城市客运交通枢纽规划理论与方法研究[D].东南大学博士论文.2004
[28]葛亮,王炜,邓卫等.城市客运换乘枢纽规划及设计方法研究[J].规划师.2004.10：53-55
[29]胡阿龙.城市内外交通换乘枢纽布局研究：学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2005
[30]郭嘉.客运专线与城市交通换乘客流预测及衔接方案研究：学位论文.北京：北京交通大学.2008
[31]颜影.铁路参与城市交通的线网规划及衔接研究：学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2005
[32]王国辉.铁路客运枢纽站与城市交通的衔接与协调研究学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2007
[33]张学尽.城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调性研究：学位论文.成都：西南交通大学.2004
[34]Ibrahim.D.(1996).Bus route public transport route information system using a GPS. Traffic Engineering&Control.1996.37(9):519-522
[35]Alan.T.Murray.R.Davis.R.J.Stimson L.Ferreira(1998).Public Transportation access. Transportation Research Part D.1998.3(5):319-328
[36]Davis.D.G and B.John.P(1987). Level-of-service standards for platooning pedestrians in transportation t erminals. ITE Journal.1987.57(4):31-35
[37]Seneviratne.p.N and Morrall.J.F.(1985) level of service on pedestrian facilities. Transp.Q.1985.39(1):109-112
[38]Afarzadeh.M. and Braaksma.J.P.(2000). Optimum design and operation of airport passenger terminal buildings. Transportation Research Record.2000.(1703):72-82
[39]Bandera.S. and Wirasinghe.S.C.(1992). Optimum geometries for pier-type airport terminals. Journal of Transportation Engineering.1992.1.18(2).187-206
[40]Lemer.A.C(1992). Measuring performance of airport passenger terminals. Transportation Research. Part A:General.1992.2.6(1):37
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