小功率光伏并网逆变器的设计
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摘要
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严重,开发利用清洁的可再生能源势在必行。太阳能是当前世界上最清洁、最现实、最有大规模开发利用前景的可再生能源之一。其中太阳能光伏利用受到世界各国的普遍关注。而太阳能光伏并网发电是太阳能光伏利用的主要发展趋势,必将得到快速的发展。此外,高性能的数字信号处理芯片(DSP)的出现,使得一些先进的控制策略应用于光伏并网逆变器成为可能。本论文就是在此背景下,对太阳能并网发电系统中的核心器件并网逆变器进行了较为深入的研究,以最大限度的利用太阳能,无污染回馈电网为主要目标,采用TI公司生产的TMS320LF2407A进行控制,开展了太阳能并网发电系统的理论和试验研究,具有重要的现实意义。
文章首先分析比较了光伏并网逆变器的各种主电路结构优缺点,提出适合小功率光伏系统的两级式并网结构,并对前级DC-DC电路和后级DC-AC分别进行了电路结构的选择。
分析了光伏并网逆变器的结构和控制策略,本文使用改进的固定频率SPWM电流控制策略,较好地实现了并网逆变器的单位功率因数正弦电流输出控制。本文还使用状态空间平均法对并网逆变器进行了建模分析,然后使用MATLAB中的Simulink工具进行了系统仿真。通过仿真给具体的硬件设计提供了有效的帮助。另外还介绍了两级结构的光伏并网逆变器的最大功率跟踪的实现。
针对上述分析与研究,根据系统的整体控制方案,详细介绍了整个系统的硬件设计和软件设计思想,给出了系统主电路结构及参数选择的设计、控制电路设计以及系统软件设计。为了使输出电流与网压同频同相,本文使用了锁相环技术,并且给出了本文设计的软件锁相环的设计方案和软件流程图。
试验表明:该系统较好的实现了本文提出的控制方案所应完成的各项功能,控制方案简单可行,系统工作稳定可靠,性能良好。
With the situation of energy resource crisis and the problem of circumstance pollution become more and more severity, exploitation and utilization the clean and regeneration energy resource is imperative. Solar energy is one of the most clean, practical and large scale regeneration energy resources. The whole world focuses on the use of photovoltaic (PV). The PV grid-connected system will be the main utilization of solar energy, so it will be developed rapidly. Further more, with the development of high-performance Digital Signal Processor (DSP) chip, it is possible that some most advanced control strategies can be used to the PV grid-connected system. Under this back ground, the dissertation deeply researches the PV grid-connected inverter, which is the hardcore of the system, and uses the TMS320LF2407A to control the system in order to transform the solar energy into electrical energy maximum. It has significance to research and experiment on the PV grid-connected system.
By analyzing and comparing the strongpoint and disadvantage of the structures and control strategies, two stages structure of PV grid-connected inverter is adopted in this dissertation, choose and design the circuit structure of the forward stage DC-DC and back stage DC-AC.
Then Through analyzing the structure and control strategy, an improved fixed-switching frequency current control strategy is adopted and a high quality injected sinusoidal current as well as unity power factor at the grid interface is realized. According to the character of grid-connected inverter, a model of grid-connected inverter based on state-space average method is proposed and a simulation with MATLAB is carried out. The simulation make a great help for circuit designing of grid-connected inverter. The inverter’s MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) control method with two stages transform structure is introduced detailly.
By deep analysis and research the design of the hardware and software of the whole system is introduced detailly: including the design of the main circuit of the system and its parameters, the design of the control circuit, the assign of the hardware resource and the flow chart of the software of the system. For making the frequency and phase of output current synchronous to the grid,author adopt the PLL(Phase Locked Loop) control technology. Then the design course and flow chart of a SPLL(soft PLL) in this thesis is introduced.
The experiment results demonstrate that the system can implement the control scheme proposed in this dissertation perfectly and obtain the required performance of supplying power to grid perfectly. The control scheme is simple and doable. The system works stabilization and has good performances.
文章首先分析比较了光伏并网逆变器的各种主电路结构优缺点,提出适合小功率光伏系统的两级式并网结构,并对前级DC-DC电路和后级DC-AC分别进行了电路结构的选择。
分析了光伏并网逆变器的结构和控制策略,本文使用改进的固定频率SPWM电流控制策略,较好地实现了并网逆变器的单位功率因数正弦电流输出控制。本文还使用状态空间平均法对并网逆变器进行了建模分析,然后使用MATLAB中的Simulink工具进行了系统仿真。通过仿真给具体的硬件设计提供了有效的帮助。另外还介绍了两级结构的光伏并网逆变器的最大功率跟踪的实现。
针对上述分析与研究,根据系统的整体控制方案,详细介绍了整个系统的硬件设计和软件设计思想,给出了系统主电路结构及参数选择的设计、控制电路设计以及系统软件设计。为了使输出电流与网压同频同相,本文使用了锁相环技术,并且给出了本文设计的软件锁相环的设计方案和软件流程图。
试验表明:该系统较好的实现了本文提出的控制方案所应完成的各项功能,控制方案简单可行,系统工作稳定可靠,性能良好。
With the situation of energy resource crisis and the problem of circumstance pollution become more and more severity, exploitation and utilization the clean and regeneration energy resource is imperative. Solar energy is one of the most clean, practical and large scale regeneration energy resources. The whole world focuses on the use of photovoltaic (PV). The PV grid-connected system will be the main utilization of solar energy, so it will be developed rapidly. Further more, with the development of high-performance Digital Signal Processor (DSP) chip, it is possible that some most advanced control strategies can be used to the PV grid-connected system. Under this back ground, the dissertation deeply researches the PV grid-connected inverter, which is the hardcore of the system, and uses the TMS320LF2407A to control the system in order to transform the solar energy into electrical energy maximum. It has significance to research and experiment on the PV grid-connected system.
By analyzing and comparing the strongpoint and disadvantage of the structures and control strategies, two stages structure of PV grid-connected inverter is adopted in this dissertation, choose and design the circuit structure of the forward stage DC-DC and back stage DC-AC.
Then Through analyzing the structure and control strategy, an improved fixed-switching frequency current control strategy is adopted and a high quality injected sinusoidal current as well as unity power factor at the grid interface is realized. According to the character of grid-connected inverter, a model of grid-connected inverter based on state-space average method is proposed and a simulation with MATLAB is carried out. The simulation make a great help for circuit designing of grid-connected inverter. The inverter’s MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) control method with two stages transform structure is introduced detailly.
By deep analysis and research the design of the hardware and software of the whole system is introduced detailly: including the design of the main circuit of the system and its parameters, the design of the control circuit, the assign of the hardware resource and the flow chart of the software of the system. For making the frequency and phase of output current synchronous to the grid,author adopt the PLL(Phase Locked Loop) control technology. Then the design course and flow chart of a SPLL(soft PLL) in this thesis is introduced.
The experiment results demonstrate that the system can implement the control scheme proposed in this dissertation perfectly and obtain the required performance of supplying power to grid perfectly. The control scheme is simple and doable. The system works stabilization and has good performances.
引文
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[2]中关村国际环保产业促进中心编著.谁能驱动中国—世界能源危机和中国方略(第一版),北京:人民出版社. 2006
[3]高纪庆.推进光伏并网发电与建筑结合的应用.能源研究与利用,2004.10(5): 35-36
[4]李博.浅谈光伏发电系统的建筑一体化应用.太阳能,2008(2):34-37
[5] Remus Teodorescu, Frede Blaabjerg. Photovoltaic systems are with power Electronics, IEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter, Fourth Quarter , 2005:10-13
[6]赵宏娟.光伏发电系统中逆变电源的原理与实现.民营科技,2007.7: 21-21
[7] V. Salas, M. Alonso-Abella, E. Olías,et al. Barrado DC current injection into the network from PV inverters of <5 kW for low-voltage small grid-connected PV systems. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2007.91(9): 801-806
[8] Jayanta Deb Mondol, Yigzaw G. Yohanis, Brian Norton. Optimal sizing of array and inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Solar Energy, 2006.80(12): 1517-1539
[9] Jeraputra. C., Aeloiza. E.C., Enjeti. P.N., et al. An improved anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of multiple distributed fuel cell powered generations. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2005,APEC 2005,Twentieth Annual IEEE. 2005.1:103-108
[10]白洪朋.电力系统接地方式、特点以及应用简论.科技创新导报,2008.(13): 67-68
[11]崔容强,赵春江,吴达成.并网型太阳能光伏发电系统.北京:化学工业出版社, 2007
[12]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
[13] Blaabjerg. F., Zhe Chen, Kjaer. S.B. Power electronics as efficient interlace in dispersed power generation systems. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics. 2004.19(5): 1184-1194
[14] Bonn R.H. Developing a "next generation" PV inverter. Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002, Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE. 2002: 1352 - 1355
[15]沈国良,赵旭升.太阳能光伏发电系统的原理及其发展.科技创新导报,2008(1): 7-7,9
[16]谢士涛.光伏建筑一体化技术与应用.深圳土木与建筑,2008(1): 5-9
[17]祝玉华,石凤良,李力猛.太阳电池及光伏发电.中国现代教育装备,2008(6): 54-55
[18] A. Zahedi. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy; latest developments in the building integrated and hybrid PV systems. Renewable Energy , 2006.31(5): 711–718
[19] Wu Tsai-Fu, C.-L.S., Nein Hung-Shou, et al. A 1Ф3W inverter with grid connection and active power filtering based on nonlinear programming and fast-zero-phase detection algorithm. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2005.20(1):218-226.
[20]信息产业部电子科技委《太阳能光伏产业发展战略研究》课题组.太阳能光伏产业发展战略研究报告(摘要).中国集成电路2008.6: 10-24
[21] Sakakibara K L, Kurokawa M K. Results of PV resource survey for world 6 deserts by a modified remote sensing approach.the Thirty-first IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2005:1808-1811
[22] James Keirstead. Behavioural responses to photovoltaic systems in the UK domestic sectorEnergy Policy, 2007.35(8): 4128-4141
[23] JoséL. Bernal-Agustín, Rodolfo Dufo-López. Economical and environmental analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in Spain. Renewable Energy , 2006.31(8):1107-1128
[24] Zhao Yuwen. The status and trend of photovoltaic development in china.Guangzhou:Sino-European Sustainable Energy Workshop,2007.
[25]杨忠.太阳能光伏发电现状与发展趋势.金陵科技学院学报,2008.24(1): 9-13
[26]王友礼.光伏系统逆变器结构拓扑与数字化控制策略.战术导弹控制技术, 2007(1):127-130
[27]王长贵,王斯成.太阳能光伏发电实用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[28] Stefan Krauter.太阳能发电-光伏能源系统(王宾,董新洲).北京:机械工业出版社, 2008
[29]朱俊杰,王辉,周凯.三相PWM高功率因数整流器控制技术综述.湖南工程学院学报,2004.14(3): 9-22
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