基于资源集成的协同产品开发原理与实施方法研究
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摘要
面对用户需求个性化、多样化以及快速多变的市场竞争,企业利用以网络为核心的信息技术,实现对分布式制造资源的集成与共享、企业内部或企业之间的协同工作是企业实现产品设计创新,提高产品市场竞争力的关键技术措施之一。本论文在四川省重点科技攻关项目和四川省应用基础研究项目资助下,针对企业资源共享和协同工作的需要探讨网络模式下适应敏捷制造企业异地协同产品开发的基本原理和实施技术,基于Web技术开发面向分布式制造资源集成与调度的协同产品开发软件平台系统。本论文研究所取得的主要成果和特色如下:
(1)通过分析面向制造资源集成的协同产品开发平台的特征和需求,提出了一种包含基于CORBA的分布式共享、应用服务供应商(ASP)和Internet平台服务商(IPP)的资源共享模式。设计了一种包含资源层、安全层、网络层、协议层、框架层、应用层和用户层的总体层次结构。根据平台结构的特征,分析了应用层功能和平台开发实施的主要关键技术,提出了ASP和IPP模式的机械产品分布式协同设计,为企业提供应用系统服务和技术支持。
(2)在分析产品开发过程中的需求协同、项目管理、产品数据管理、协同设计及其工作环境的基础上,从协同产品开发的约束模型、协同方法和冲突协商等方面研究了产品开发的协同原理。针对约束模型,通过对产品及其开发过程不同约束层次(粒度)的划分,在对某一粒度的任务约束建模时,定义有关变量、约束及其在不同粒度间的映射关系,将协同产品开发转换为约束满足问题求解;针对协同方法,研究了基于三角模糊数的知识协同设计、基于消息通信的协同设计和基于多Agent协同设计;针对冲突协商,采用了约束满足问题理论描述隐式冲突,研究了基于区间传播算法的隐式冲突检测,基于回溯策略和约束松弛策略的冲突协商。
(3)制造资源集成与共享技术是协同产品开发平台实施的关键技术之一。从协同产品开发平台对资源的集成角度分析了制造资源的内涵,将分布式制造资源分成企业资源、产品资源、基础数据、协同策略和知识、专业知识库等7大
Facing individuation and diversification of user's demand and rapid change market competition, enterprise makes use of information technology mainly based on network to realize the integration and share of distributed manufacturing resource (MR) and collaborative work (CW) within an enterprise and among enterprises. It is one of key technical measures that an enterprise realizes product design innovation and improves product market competitive ability. The dissertation is supported by key science and technology project of Sichuan province and application research foundation of Sichuan province. Aiming at the demand of enterprise resource share and CW, the basic principles and implementing technologies of distributed collaborative product development (CPD) which is fit for agile manufacturing enterprise in the mode of network are discussed. Based on the Web technology, CPD software platform system, which is oriented Distributed MR integration and scheduling, is developed. The main achievements and characteristics of the dissertation are as follows:(1) Analyzed characteristics and demands of the CPD platform oriented MR integration, a sort of resource share mode is presented, which includes CORBA based distributed share, application server provider (ASP) and Internet presence provider (IPP). A whole hiberarchy of the platform is designed, which is composed of resource, security, network, protocol, framework, application and user. According to the characteristics of the platform architecture, functions of application layer and the main key technologies of development and implementing of the platform are analyzed, mechanical product distributed collaborative design based ASP and IPP mode is presented to provide enterprise with application system service and technology support.(2) On the basis of analyzing demand collaboration, project management, product data management (PDM), collaboration design and its working enviroment during the process of product development, the collaborative principles of product development are studied from aspects of CPD constraint modeling, collaboration method, conflict negotiation etc. Aiming at the
constraint modeling, by classification of different constraint level (or granule) of product and its development process, relative variables, constraints and its mapping rules among different granules are defined in the process of constraint modeling for the tasks of a certain granule. Then, CPD is transformed to resolve the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Aiming at collaboration method, knowledge collaborative design based triangle fuzzy number, collaborative design based message communication and collaborative design based multi-agent are studied. Aiming at conflict negotiation, the concealed conflict is expressed by using CSP theory, and the check of concealed conflict based on interval propagation algorithm and conflict negotiations based on the strategies of backtracking and constraint relaxation are studied.(3) Technology of MR integration and share is one of the key technologies of implementing of CPD platform. MR connotation is analyzed from the side of resource integration in CPD platform, and distributed MR is divided into seven classes, such as enterprise resource, product resource, basic data, cooperative strategy and knowledge, speciality knowledge warehouse etc. Based on the class diagram of UML, distributed MR information modeling is built. Based on the format of STEP and XML, expression method of MR data modeling is put forward. Aiming at the resource share demand of dynamic alliance enterprise (DAE), the integration methods which are lognitudinal integration based multi-agent in the local enterprise and transverse integration based CORBA technology among different enterprises are proposed.(4) On the basis of DAE resource model based multi-agent, the implementing method of dynamic enterprise alliance (DEA) is studied by evaluation of alliance enterprises and optimization of manufacturing system. By building evaluation index system of enterprise, such as processing ability, cost, quality and time and so on, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy AHP are applied to evaluate alliance enterprises, and hiberarchy modeling is formed to satisfy the objective of selecting DEA partners. With the aim of a certain process task, the set of candidate enterprise partners (CEP) is gained. Then, the fitness function is built using the cost or time of processing task (or project), and manufacturing system is optimized by using genetic algorithm (GA). The optimal processing route is decided, and one to one mapping of the task to CEP is formed. So the DEA is achieved.(5) By analyzing the process of distributed CPD, the essential of MR scheduling, which is orientation, allocation and processing of all manufacturing system resources in the meaning of time, is pointed. The meaning of MR scheduling includes resource discovering, resource matching and the error correcting of resource scheduling etc. The strategies of resource scheduling are presented, compose of rule scheduling, intelligent optimization scheduling, artifical scheduling. By defining resource service agent for resource searching, resource managing, resource scheduling and resource allocating and so on, the method of multi-agent based distributed MR scheduling is put forward. By extending the traditional Petri net, the extended Petri net is used to execute the configuration of MR. On the basis of CPD of DEA, MR scheduling workflow model based Petri net is presented, and the implementing of workflow machine based CORBA is studied.
(6) By using sheet metal (SM) part as object, the specialistic and networked application system in the CPD platform is studied. The whole architecture and functional models of the system are put forward. In the same time, both information model of SM part based fature and resource information model oriented system development are presented, development design of SM part based middleware technology is put forward. According to the fixed development calculation formulas of SM part, development calculation modules which are based on the technology of COM and Web service are developed to realize distributed development calculation based network. Moreover, the technology of software reuse which is based on TLB development is presented to realize the development drawing and solid modeling of SM part. On the basis of analyzing the layout problem and mathematic model of rectangle part, the packing algorithm of the lowest contour is presented, and optimum layout is executed by the algorithm of GA and simulated annealing (SA). At the same time, the heuristic algorithms, such as algorithm of the least besieging rectangle, the move collision and no fit polygon, are applied to research the nesting problem of irregular shapes.(7) The whole function architecture of CPD platform oriented MR integration is presented, and the relative prototype systems are developed and implemented. On the basis of research on MR integration and DEA, the architecture of MR integration prototype system is put forward. By defining the MR classes and objects and the like, the technologies of multi-agent and CORBA are used to develop MR integration prototype system oriented DEA. On the basis of the whole design of remote SM design and manufacturing prototype system, implementing methods of SM development design, nesting optimization and automatic generating NC processing code are showed from the side of development of application software.
(1)通过分析面向制造资源集成的协同产品开发平台的特征和需求,提出了一种包含基于CORBA的分布式共享、应用服务供应商(ASP)和Internet平台服务商(IPP)的资源共享模式。设计了一种包含资源层、安全层、网络层、协议层、框架层、应用层和用户层的总体层次结构。根据平台结构的特征,分析了应用层功能和平台开发实施的主要关键技术,提出了ASP和IPP模式的机械产品分布式协同设计,为企业提供应用系统服务和技术支持。
(2)在分析产品开发过程中的需求协同、项目管理、产品数据管理、协同设计及其工作环境的基础上,从协同产品开发的约束模型、协同方法和冲突协商等方面研究了产品开发的协同原理。针对约束模型,通过对产品及其开发过程不同约束层次(粒度)的划分,在对某一粒度的任务约束建模时,定义有关变量、约束及其在不同粒度间的映射关系,将协同产品开发转换为约束满足问题求解;针对协同方法,研究了基于三角模糊数的知识协同设计、基于消息通信的协同设计和基于多Agent协同设计;针对冲突协商,采用了约束满足问题理论描述隐式冲突,研究了基于区间传播算法的隐式冲突检测,基于回溯策略和约束松弛策略的冲突协商。
(3)制造资源集成与共享技术是协同产品开发平台实施的关键技术之一。从协同产品开发平台对资源的集成角度分析了制造资源的内涵,将分布式制造资源分成企业资源、产品资源、基础数据、协同策略和知识、专业知识库等7大
Facing individuation and diversification of user's demand and rapid change market competition, enterprise makes use of information technology mainly based on network to realize the integration and share of distributed manufacturing resource (MR) and collaborative work (CW) within an enterprise and among enterprises. It is one of key technical measures that an enterprise realizes product design innovation and improves product market competitive ability. The dissertation is supported by key science and technology project of Sichuan province and application research foundation of Sichuan province. Aiming at the demand of enterprise resource share and CW, the basic principles and implementing technologies of distributed collaborative product development (CPD) which is fit for agile manufacturing enterprise in the mode of network are discussed. Based on the Web technology, CPD software platform system, which is oriented Distributed MR integration and scheduling, is developed. The main achievements and characteristics of the dissertation are as follows:(1) Analyzed characteristics and demands of the CPD platform oriented MR integration, a sort of resource share mode is presented, which includes CORBA based distributed share, application server provider (ASP) and Internet presence provider (IPP). A whole hiberarchy of the platform is designed, which is composed of resource, security, network, protocol, framework, application and user. According to the characteristics of the platform architecture, functions of application layer and the main key technologies of development and implementing of the platform are analyzed, mechanical product distributed collaborative design based ASP and IPP mode is presented to provide enterprise with application system service and technology support.(2) On the basis of analyzing demand collaboration, project management, product data management (PDM), collaboration design and its working enviroment during the process of product development, the collaborative principles of product development are studied from aspects of CPD constraint modeling, collaboration method, conflict negotiation etc. Aiming at the
constraint modeling, by classification of different constraint level (or granule) of product and its development process, relative variables, constraints and its mapping rules among different granules are defined in the process of constraint modeling for the tasks of a certain granule. Then, CPD is transformed to resolve the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Aiming at collaboration method, knowledge collaborative design based triangle fuzzy number, collaborative design based message communication and collaborative design based multi-agent are studied. Aiming at conflict negotiation, the concealed conflict is expressed by using CSP theory, and the check of concealed conflict based on interval propagation algorithm and conflict negotiations based on the strategies of backtracking and constraint relaxation are studied.(3) Technology of MR integration and share is one of the key technologies of implementing of CPD platform. MR connotation is analyzed from the side of resource integration in CPD platform, and distributed MR is divided into seven classes, such as enterprise resource, product resource, basic data, cooperative strategy and knowledge, speciality knowledge warehouse etc. Based on the class diagram of UML, distributed MR information modeling is built. Based on the format of STEP and XML, expression method of MR data modeling is put forward. Aiming at the resource share demand of dynamic alliance enterprise (DAE), the integration methods which are lognitudinal integration based multi-agent in the local enterprise and transverse integration based CORBA technology among different enterprises are proposed.(4) On the basis of DAE resource model based multi-agent, the implementing method of dynamic enterprise alliance (DEA) is studied by evaluation of alliance enterprises and optimization of manufacturing system. By building evaluation index system of enterprise, such as processing ability, cost, quality and time and so on, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy AHP are applied to evaluate alliance enterprises, and hiberarchy modeling is formed to satisfy the objective of selecting DEA partners. With the aim of a certain process task, the set of candidate enterprise partners (CEP) is gained. Then, the fitness function is built using the cost or time of processing task (or project), and manufacturing system is optimized by using genetic algorithm (GA). The optimal processing route is decided, and one to one mapping of the task to CEP is formed. So the DEA is achieved.(5) By analyzing the process of distributed CPD, the essential of MR scheduling, which is orientation, allocation and processing of all manufacturing system resources in the meaning of time, is pointed. The meaning of MR scheduling includes resource discovering, resource matching and the error correcting of resource scheduling etc. The strategies of resource scheduling are presented, compose of rule scheduling, intelligent optimization scheduling, artifical scheduling. By defining resource service agent for resource searching, resource managing, resource scheduling and resource allocating and so on, the method of multi-agent based distributed MR scheduling is put forward. By extending the traditional Petri net, the extended Petri net is used to execute the configuration of MR. On the basis of CPD of DEA, MR scheduling workflow model based Petri net is presented, and the implementing of workflow machine based CORBA is studied.
(6) By using sheet metal (SM) part as object, the specialistic and networked application system in the CPD platform is studied. The whole architecture and functional models of the system are put forward. In the same time, both information model of SM part based fature and resource information model oriented system development are presented, development design of SM part based middleware technology is put forward. According to the fixed development calculation formulas of SM part, development calculation modules which are based on the technology of COM and Web service are developed to realize distributed development calculation based network. Moreover, the technology of software reuse which is based on TLB development is presented to realize the development drawing and solid modeling of SM part. On the basis of analyzing the layout problem and mathematic model of rectangle part, the packing algorithm of the lowest contour is presented, and optimum layout is executed by the algorithm of GA and simulated annealing (SA). At the same time, the heuristic algorithms, such as algorithm of the least besieging rectangle, the move collision and no fit polygon, are applied to research the nesting problem of irregular shapes.(7) The whole function architecture of CPD platform oriented MR integration is presented, and the relative prototype systems are developed and implemented. On the basis of research on MR integration and DEA, the architecture of MR integration prototype system is put forward. By defining the MR classes and objects and the like, the technologies of multi-agent and CORBA are used to develop MR integration prototype system oriented DEA. On the basis of the whole design of remote SM design and manufacturing prototype system, implementing methods of SM development design, nesting optimization and automatic generating NC processing code are showed from the side of development of application software.
引文
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