基于XML的网络管理系统的设计与实现
摘要
随着网络的不断发展，其复杂性和异构性增加，网络管理变得越来越重要。网络管理是网络运行和维护的重要手段。如何监测网络运行状况，分析网络行为，设计高效的网络管理系统，对于网络管理是十分重要的。
基于可扩展标记语言XML的网络管理系统在网络管理系统中采用XML技术，能自定义复杂的网络管理信息结构，并方便地在网络中传输，目前备受人们关注。
本文首先介绍网络管理基本概念，分析网络管理系统各种实现技术，然后设计和实现了一个基于XML的网络管理系统。该系统实现了网络配置管理，性能管理和故障管理等功能。配置管理提供网络拓扑图管理，网络设备基本信息显示和网络设备MIB浏览等功能；性能管理模块实时监测网元性能与流量状态，完成各种历史数据分析报告；故障管理提供对网元故障信息的实时显示及故障发生的可能原因分析。
这一基于XML的网络管理系统采用分层式网络管理结构，最上层是中心网络管理者，中心网络管理者管理了许多分布在不同网络管理域的分布网络管理者。中心网络管理者基于XML与分布网络管理者进行通信；分布网络管理者通过简单网络管理协议SNMP与网络管理域内的设备进行通信。分布网络管理者包括两大部分：一是XML／SNMP网关，网关把中心网络管理者的基于XML的请求转换为SNMP请求，并把返回的MIB值封装成XML文档发送给中心网络管理者；二是基于SNMP的网络管理系统，为中小型网络的管理提供了良好的管理平台。使用这种分层的基于XML的网络管理体系，解决了网络管理者之间的通信问题，可以更好的支持异构平台的网络管理，更好的支持对大型网络的管理。
The increasing complexity and heterogeneity of modern networks are making network management technologies and systems more important. It is the key for the network management to find an efficient method to monitor the network and design the effective management function of the network management system.
XML-based network management, which applies XML technologies to network management, has been proposed as a new way to existing network management. The use of XML in network management offers a capability to define complex network management information and the XML document can be transferred on network easily.
First, this paper introduces the basic concepts of network management and analyzes the existing network management techniques. Then designs and implements a network management system based on XML. It carries out configuration management, performance management and fault management. The configuration management implements the network topology management, device's basic information display and device's MIB view; performance management provide many charts to display different protocols' traffic; and fault management model can report the real-time fault and analyze the possible reason of why the fault occurred.
The XML-based network management system adopts hierarchical network management architecture: there are many distributing managers controlled by a super manager called manager of managers (MOM). The MOM communicates with distributing managers in XML. The distributing managers manage network equipments in SNMP. There are two parts of distributing managers: one is XML/SNMP gateway. The XML/SNMP gateway implements interaction translation of XML and SNMP. The other is network management system based on SNMP, which can be used to manage the small Internet. Using this network management architecture, we can manage the large and heterogeneous networks more efficient.
基于可扩展标记语言XML的网络管理系统在网络管理系统中采用XML技术，能自定义复杂的网络管理信息结构，并方便地在网络中传输，目前备受人们关注。
本文首先介绍网络管理基本概念，分析网络管理系统各种实现技术，然后设计和实现了一个基于XML的网络管理系统。该系统实现了网络配置管理，性能管理和故障管理等功能。配置管理提供网络拓扑图管理，网络设备基本信息显示和网络设备MIB浏览等功能；性能管理模块实时监测网元性能与流量状态，完成各种历史数据分析报告；故障管理提供对网元故障信息的实时显示及故障发生的可能原因分析。
这一基于XML的网络管理系统采用分层式网络管理结构，最上层是中心网络管理者，中心网络管理者管理了许多分布在不同网络管理域的分布网络管理者。中心网络管理者基于XML与分布网络管理者进行通信；分布网络管理者通过简单网络管理协议SNMP与网络管理域内的设备进行通信。分布网络管理者包括两大部分：一是XML／SNMP网关，网关把中心网络管理者的基于XML的请求转换为SNMP请求，并把返回的MIB值封装成XML文档发送给中心网络管理者；二是基于SNMP的网络管理系统，为中小型网络的管理提供了良好的管理平台。使用这种分层的基于XML的网络管理体系，解决了网络管理者之间的通信问题，可以更好的支持异构平台的网络管理，更好的支持对大型网络的管理。
The increasing complexity and heterogeneity of modern networks are making network management technologies and systems more important. It is the key for the network management to find an efficient method to monitor the network and design the effective management function of the network management system.
XML-based network management, which applies XML technologies to network management, has been proposed as a new way to existing network management. The use of XML in network management offers a capability to define complex network management information and the XML document can be transferred on network easily.
First, this paper introduces the basic concepts of network management and analyzes the existing network management techniques. Then designs and implements a network management system based on XML. It carries out configuration management, performance management and fault management. The configuration management implements the network topology management, device's basic information display and device's MIB view; performance management provide many charts to display different protocols' traffic; and fault management model can report the real-time fault and analyze the possible reason of why the fault occurred.
The XML-based network management system adopts hierarchical network management architecture: there are many distributing managers controlled by a super manager called manager of managers (MOM). The MOM communicates with distributing managers in XML. The distributing managers manage network equipments in SNMP. There are two parts of distributing managers: one is XML/SNMP gateway. The XML/SNMP gateway implements interaction translation of XML and SNMP. The other is network management system based on SNMP, which can be used to manage the small Internet. Using this network management architecture, we can manage the large and heterogeneous networks more efficient.
引文
[1] 中国互联网新闻中心，第十三次中国互联网统计调查报告，http://www.cnnic.net.cn/download/manual/statisticalreport13th.pdf, 2004-2-9
[2] 曹争，龚俭．网络管理的发展与现状．电信科学，1997，13(10)：18-22
[3] Nishit Narang, Ravi Mittal. Network Management for Next Generation Networks. In: Proc of 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications. India, 2000, 169-173
[4] U. Warrier, L. Besaw, L. LaBarre, et al. The Common Management Information Services and Protocols for the Internet (CMOT and CMIP). RFCl189. October 1990
[5] J. Davin, J. Case, M. Fedor, et al. A Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol. RFC1028. November 1987
[6] J Case, M Fedor, M Schoffstall et al. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). RFC 1157. May 1990
[7] J. Case, K. McCloghrie, M. Rose, et al. Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). RFC 1905. January 1996
[8] J. Case, K. McCloghrie, M. Rose, et al. Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). RFC 1906. January 1996
[9] J. Case, R. Mundy, D. Partain, et al. Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework. RFC 2570. April 1999
[10] D. Harrington, R. Presuhn, B. Wijnen. An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks. RFC 2571. April 1999
[11] U. Blumenthal, B. Wijnen. User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3). RFC 2572. April 1999
[12] 朱虹，杨家海，谢树煜．CORBA技术在网络管理中应用的探讨．计算机工程与应用，2000，36(10)：125-129
[13] Object Management Group. CORBA 2.3.1 Specification. http://www.omg.org/, 2004-1-5
[14] Juan Paron, Jose Tomas. CORBA for Network and Service Management in the TINA Framework. IEEE Communications Mangazine, 1998, 36(3): 72-79
[15] Subrata Mazumdar. Inter-domain management between CORBA and SNMP: Web-based management-CORBA/SNMP Gateway Approach. In: Proc of
DSOM'96. Italy, 1996, 28-34
[16] J. P. Martin-Flatin, L. Bovet, J. P. Hubaux. JAMAP: a Web-Based Management Platform for IP Networks. In: Proc of 10th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations & Management (DSOM'99). Switzerland: LNCS (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) 1700, 1999, 164-178
[17] 寿永艳，方宁生，姜浩．基于web的网络管理的研究与实现．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，32(1)：19-23
[18] 钟瑜伟，郭志刚．XML技术在基于web的网络管理中的应用．数据通信，2000，22(4)：29-31
[19] W3C. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition). http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/, 2004-2-9
[20] Weijing Chen. XNMP-XML Network Management Protocol and Interface. http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/02jul/slides/xmlconf-3.pdf, 2004-2-9
[21] Phil Shafer. XML-based Network Management. http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/white_papers/200017.pdf, 2004-2-9
[22] P. Shafer, R. Enns. JUNOScript: An XML-based Network Management API. http://www.ietf.org/internet-dafts/draft-shafer-js-xml-api-00, 2004-2-9
[23] M. J. Choi, H. T. Ju, J. W. Hong. Towards XML-based Network Management for IP Networks. KNOM Review, 2002, 5(2): 1-18
[24] C. Partridge, G. Trewitt. the High-level Entity Management System (HEMS). RFC1021. October 1987
[25] W3C. XML Schema Part 0, 1, 2. http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/, 2004-2-9
[26] K. McCloghrie, M. Rose. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-Ⅱ. RFC1213. March 1991
[27] W3C. SOAP Version 1.2. http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/, 2004-2-9
[28] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, et al. Hypertext Transfer Protocol--HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616. June. 1999
[29] 白英彩，田小鹏，杨锐．计算机网络管理系统设计与应用．第1版．北京：清华松岗出版社，1998，17-18
[30] HP Openview. http://www.openview.hp.com.cn/, 2004-2-9
[31] IBM Tivoli NetView. http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/netview/, 2004-2-9
[32] SunNet Manager. http://docs.sun.com/db/coll/38.8, 2004-2-9
[33] Yoon-Jung Oh, Hong-Taek Ju, James W. Hong. Interaction Translation Methods for XML/SNMP Gateway. Computer Science, 2002, 25(6): 54-65.
[34] F. Strauβ, T. Klie.Towards XML oriented Internet Management. In." Proc of 8th IFIP/IEEE International Sysposium on Integrated Network Management. Colorado, 2003, 505-518
[35] Jeong-Hyuk Yoon, Hong-Taek Ju and James W. Hong. Development of SNMP-XML Translator and Geteway for XML-based Integrated Network Management. International Journal of Network Management (IJNM), 2003, 13(4): 259-276
[36] W3C. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/, 2004-2-9
[37] 李维．C++Builder 6 SOAP／Webservice开发．第一版．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2002，31-35
[38] L. Deri. Network Management for the 90s. In: Proc of ECOOP '96 Workshop on System and Network Management. Austria, 1996, 121-129
[39] 唐亚折，张鹏，李增智．DIINM分布式智能网络管理系统的设计与实现．小型微型计算机，2002，23(9)：23-27
[40] M. Rose, K. McCloghrie. Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets. RFC1155. May 1990
[41] 杨家海，任宪坤，王沛瑜．网络管理原理与实现技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2000，168-183
[42] Mani Subramanian．网络管理一原理与实践．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，155-157
[43] Lee K. A Distributed network Management System. In: Proc of IEEE CLOBELCOM'94. San Francisco: IEEE Press. 1994, 548-552
[44] W3C. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl, 2004-2-9
[45] Microsoft Corporation. MSDN library, http://msdn.microsoft.com/, 2004-2-9
[46] 高宝华，古华茂，成锐．用WinSNMP开发网络管理应用软件．计算机应用，2002，22(12)：105-107
[2] 曹争，龚俭．网络管理的发展与现状．电信科学，1997，13(10)：18-22
[3] Nishit Narang, Ravi Mittal. Network Management for Next Generation Networks. In: Proc of 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications. India, 2000, 169-173
[4] U. Warrier, L. Besaw, L. LaBarre, et al. The Common Management Information Services and Protocols for the Internet (CMOT and CMIP). RFCl189. October 1990
[5] J. Davin, J. Case, M. Fedor, et al. A Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol. RFC1028. November 1987
[6] J Case, M Fedor, M Schoffstall et al. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). RFC 1157. May 1990
[7] J. Case, K. McCloghrie, M. Rose, et al. Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). RFC 1905. January 1996
[8] J. Case, K. McCloghrie, M. Rose, et al. Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). RFC 1906. January 1996
[9] J. Case, R. Mundy, D. Partain, et al. Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework. RFC 2570. April 1999
[10] D. Harrington, R. Presuhn, B. Wijnen. An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks. RFC 2571. April 1999
[11] U. Blumenthal, B. Wijnen. User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3). RFC 2572. April 1999
[12] 朱虹，杨家海，谢树煜．CORBA技术在网络管理中应用的探讨．计算机工程与应用，2000，36(10)：125-129
[13] Object Management Group. CORBA 2.3.1 Specification. http://www.omg.org/, 2004-1-5
[14] Juan Paron, Jose Tomas. CORBA for Network and Service Management in the TINA Framework. IEEE Communications Mangazine, 1998, 36(3): 72-79
[15] Subrata Mazumdar. Inter-domain management between CORBA and SNMP: Web-based management-CORBA/SNMP Gateway Approach. In: Proc of
DSOM'96. Italy, 1996, 28-34
[16] J. P. Martin-Flatin, L. Bovet, J. P. Hubaux. JAMAP: a Web-Based Management Platform for IP Networks. In: Proc of 10th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations & Management (DSOM'99). Switzerland: LNCS (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) 1700, 1999, 164-178
[17] 寿永艳，方宁生，姜浩．基于web的网络管理的研究与实现．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，32(1)：19-23
[18] 钟瑜伟，郭志刚．XML技术在基于web的网络管理中的应用．数据通信，2000，22(4)：29-31
[19] W3C. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition). http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/, 2004-2-9
[20] Weijing Chen. XNMP-XML Network Management Protocol and Interface. http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/02jul/slides/xmlconf-3.pdf, 2004-2-9
[21] Phil Shafer. XML-based Network Management. http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/white_papers/200017.pdf, 2004-2-9
[22] P. Shafer, R. Enns. JUNOScript: An XML-based Network Management API. http://www.ietf.org/internet-dafts/draft-shafer-js-xml-api-00, 2004-2-9
[23] M. J. Choi, H. T. Ju, J. W. Hong. Towards XML-based Network Management for IP Networks. KNOM Review, 2002, 5(2): 1-18
[24] C. Partridge, G. Trewitt. the High-level Entity Management System (HEMS). RFC1021. October 1987
[25] W3C. XML Schema Part 0, 1, 2. http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/, 2004-2-9
[26] K. McCloghrie, M. Rose. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-Ⅱ. RFC1213. March 1991
[27] W3C. SOAP Version 1.2. http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/, 2004-2-9
[28] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, et al. Hypertext Transfer Protocol--HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616. June. 1999
[29] 白英彩，田小鹏，杨锐．计算机网络管理系统设计与应用．第1版．北京：清华松岗出版社，1998，17-18
[30] HP Openview. http://www.openview.hp.com.cn/, 2004-2-9
[31] IBM Tivoli NetView. http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/netview/, 2004-2-9
[32] SunNet Manager. http://docs.sun.com/db/coll/38.8, 2004-2-9
[33] Yoon-Jung Oh, Hong-Taek Ju, James W. Hong. Interaction Translation Methods for XML/SNMP Gateway. Computer Science, 2002, 25(6): 54-65.
[34] F. Strauβ, T. Klie.Towards XML oriented Internet Management. In." Proc of 8th IFIP/IEEE International Sysposium on Integrated Network Management. Colorado, 2003, 505-518
[35] Jeong-Hyuk Yoon, Hong-Taek Ju and James W. Hong. Development of SNMP-XML Translator and Geteway for XML-based Integrated Network Management. International Journal of Network Management (IJNM), 2003, 13(4): 259-276
[36] W3C. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/, 2004-2-9
[37] 李维．C++Builder 6 SOAP／Webservice开发．第一版．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2002，31-35
[38] L. Deri. Network Management for the 90s. In: Proc of ECOOP '96 Workshop on System and Network Management. Austria, 1996, 121-129
[39] 唐亚折，张鹏，李增智．DIINM分布式智能网络管理系统的设计与实现．小型微型计算机，2002，23(9)：23-27
[40] M. Rose, K. McCloghrie. Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets. RFC1155. May 1990
[41] 杨家海，任宪坤，王沛瑜．网络管理原理与实现技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2000，168-183
[42] Mani Subramanian．网络管理一原理与实践．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，155-157
[43] Lee K. A Distributed network Management System. In: Proc of IEEE CLOBELCOM'94. San Francisco: IEEE Press. 1994, 548-552
[44] W3C. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl, 2004-2-9
[45] Microsoft Corporation. MSDN library, http://msdn.microsoft.com/, 2004-2-9
[46] 高宝华，古华茂，成锐．用WinSNMP开发网络管理应用软件．计算机应用，2002，22(12)：105-107