青岛大气气溶胶多环芳烃分析及其分布规律的研究
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摘要
(1)本文针对多环芳烃类化合物的结构及其荧光发射特性,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法研究了大气气溶胶中多环芳烃类化合物的分析方法。通过荧光波长程序编程优选出PAHs各化合物的最佳激发波长和荧光发射波长,采用Chromsep 3μm色谱柱,以甲醇-水为流动相的多元梯度洗脱法获得了13种多环芳烃化合物的理想分离效果,从而建立了高效液相色谱编程荧光法测定大气气溶胶中多环芳烃化合物的分析方法。研究得到的最佳分析条件如下:柱温:30℃,流动相:甲醇-水,流动相流速:1.0ml/min;流动相组成及洗脱时间匹配:(1)A(甲醇 15%)18%;B(甲醇 100%),82%,在此配比下保持7min,然后按线性梯度洗脱5min后改变配比;
     (2)A(甲醇 15%),5%;B(甲醇 100%),95%,同上操作,保持17min连续洗脱。
     在本实验优化条件下,本法测定上述13种PAHs化合物的检出限在0.90Pg-55.19pg。回收率在92.8%-108%,RSD在6.0%.25%。
     (2)采用本文建立的PAHs化合物的分析法,首次系统地研究了青岛地区六个具有代表性的功能区大气气溶胶中14种PAHs类化合物的浓度及其分布变化规
    
    律。青岛地区大气气溶胶中14种多环芳烃化合物总量(艺PAHs)的平均浓度:春
    季为32.sng/m3,秋季为64.sng/耐,冬季为156 ng/m3。大气气溶胶中苯并(a)花
     (BaP)在春季、秋季和冬季的平均浓度分别为2.86ng/m3、5.63ng/m3和n.4 ng/时.
     (3)青岛地区大气气溶胶中PAHS化合物的分布存在明显的季节特征。14种
    PAHS化合物总量的平均浓度变化为:冬季>秋季>春季,表明该地区大气气溶胶中
    以Hs化合物主要来源于矿物燃料燃烧产生的废气污染物。
     (4)不同功能区大气气溶胶中PAHs化合物浓度差值存在明显差异。工业区
    冬季E PAHs、苯并(a)花(BaP)的最大浓度和最小浓度分别为17倍和13倍。
    其它功能区也存在同样情况。其中差值最大者达到76倍。出现在交通稠密区的春
    季;差值最小者仅差2倍,出现在清洁对照区。
     (5)采用因子分析,相关分析和SPSS统计分析软件对青岛六个功能区大气
    气溶胶中各种化合物含量进行统计分析。结果表明:①艺PAHs、Py、B(a) An、chry、
    BbP、BaF、BaP和DB(a,h)Ans种化合物间具有良好相关性,除Py外,其余7种
    以Hs化合物间的相关系数均大于0.90。说明其来源具有相似性。②上述8种化合
    物均与TSP有良好相关性,说明TSP是影响PAHS化合物浓度水平的主要因素,TSP
    是PAHS的良好载体。④PAHS化合物与502之间相关性较差,而与N0:具有一定相
    关性,但不同功能区存在差异,表明PAHs化合物还与矿物油燃烧产生的废气污染
    源有关。
This paper studies the analytical method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in aerosol by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector, according to the structure of PAHs and its characteristic of fluorescence emission. The best excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of PAHs are obtained by wavelength program. Thirteen PAHs are separated successfully by multiple-unit gradient method using Chromsep 3μm chromatograph column and methanol-water as the mobile phase, and designs the wavelength program for determination of PAHs in aerosol by HPLC with fluorescence detector.
    The optimal separating condition are: column temperature: 30℃,mobile phase: methanol-water, mobile velocity: 1.0ml/min; the composition of mobile phase and separating times condition:
    a) A (methanol 15%), 18%; B (methanol 100%), 82%, under this condition, remains Tminutes and separating the PAHs with linear gradient for 5 minutes. After then, changing the condition as follows:
    b) A (methanol 15%), 5%; B (methanol 100%), 95%, operated as step a), and then separating for 17 minutes.
    Wavelength program table for PAHs
    With the optimal condition, the detection limits of the above thirteen kinds of PAHs are 0.90-55.19pg, the recoveries are 92.8%-108%, the relation standard
    
    
    
    
    deviation are 6.0%-25%.
    With the designed analytical method for the determination of PAHs, we study the concentrations and changes of the fourteen kinds of PAHs in aerosol in the six function zones in Qingdao. The average concentration of the total sum of the thirteen PAHs is
    32.8ng/m3 in spring, 64.8 ng/m in autumn, 156 ng/m in winter. The average concentration of the BaP in aerosol in spring, autumn and winter are as follows: 2.86 ng/m3,5.63 ng/m3,11.4 ng/m3.
    The distribution of PAHs in aerosol of Qingdao regions has obviously seasonal characteristics. The average concentration of the fourteen kinds of PAHs changes in order of winter>autumn>winter .It indicates that the PAHs comes mainly from the waste gas pollutants produced by the mineral fuels burning.
    Different function zone differ greatly in the concentration of PAHs. In the industry zone, the max and min concentration of the total sum of PAHs and BaP were 17times and 13times in winter. Other function zones have the same conditions. The max concentration of PAHs are 76 times in the traffic zone in spring, and the min concentration of PAHs are only 2 times in the control zone.
    Factor analysis, correlation analysis and SPSS statistics software are used to analyze the contents of PAHs in the six function zones of Qingdao. From the results, we can get the following conclusions:
    A) PAHs, Py, B(a)An, Chry, BbP, BaF, BaP and DB(a,h)An have good correlation , except Py, the correlation coefficient of the other seven kinds of PAHs are more than 0.90. It indicates that the source of PAHs have the similarity.
    B) The above 8 kinds of PAHs have good correlation with TSP. This means that TSP is the main factor to affect the concentration level of PAHs. It is a good carrier for PAHs.
    C) The correlation between PAHs and SO2 is weak, but there exits certain relativity with NOx. However it indicates that the PAHs is related to the pollution sources produced by mineral oil burning.
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