海藻酸-壳聚糖-海藻酸离子取代凝胶
|
摘要
首创离子取代凝胶领域。海藻酸-壳聚糖-海藻酸（Alginate-Chitosan-Alginate, ACA）离子取代凝胶是以聚电解质络合物为囊膜以海藻酸钠溶液为囊芯物的新型离子交换体系。与传统离子交换树脂显著不同，ACA将吸附剂海藻酸钠微囊化，离子交换是被交换离子与微胶囊内海藻酸形成离子移变凝胶的溶胶-凝胶相转移过程，是一种离子取代凝胶。
系统研究了ACA离子取代性能和机理，并对其结构进行了表征。研究了微囊化材料壳聚糖和制备工艺条件对ACA强度和稳定性能的影响。ACA对Pb2+的吸附速率快，吸附选择性高，富集能力强，将其应用于血液灌流清除人体有毒金属离子时，ACA将优先吸附造成人体金属中毒的重金属离子。ACA表面光滑，用作血液吸附剂时对人体血小板破坏小，因此ACA有望作为一种新型的血液吸附剂，用于金属中毒等疾病的治疗。
研究开发了一系列新型天然高分子微球和微胶囊：非均相海藻酸离子交联凝胶微球、海藻酸/IPDI凝胶微球、微囊化离子吸附液和羧甲基壳聚糖-壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖微胶囊，并对其结构和离子吸附性能进行了详细研究，它们具有各自独特的离子吸附性能和广泛的应用前景，其中，非均相球形离子吸附剂和微囊化离子吸附液还未见报道；羧甲基壳聚糖-壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖微胶囊是一种完全壳聚糖基新型生物微胶囊，有望作为微胶囊在生物医学领域获得广泛应用。
采用静电液滴发生器制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球，研究了液滴形成机理、微球形态和粒径变化，并通过理论推导得到了微球粒径的计算公式，其计算公式能够很好的吻合实验结果，具有普遍的适用意义。
建立了金属海藻酸络合物结构的XPS和IR光谱表征技术，其技术对金属高分子特别是金属多糖高分子的结构和机理研究有重要的理论价值。通过XPS和IR表征考察了海藻酸和各种金属离子的配位结构和结合稳定性，其结合稳定性与海藻酸对金属离子的吸附选择性一致。
Alginate-Chitosan-Alginate (ACA) ion replacement gels were initiated and defined in this paper, which was a novel ion exchange system with capsular structure composed of capsular membrane of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex and intracapsular alginate solution. Being different from traditional ion exchange resin, the ion exchange process of ACA was sol-gel phase transformation, which was a novel ion adsorbent.
Ion replacement properties, mechanism and structure of ACA were studied in details. ACA with high strength and stability were prepared through modification of microencapsulated materials and optimization of preparation conditions. The adsorption of ACA for Pb2+ had quicker adsorption velocity, high selectivity and high enrichment capacity, which were contributed to be a novel blood adsorbent. In addition, ACA had smooth surface and high biological compatibility, which was hopeful as a blood adsorbent in order to cure metal toxicosis.
A series of novel microspheres and microcapsules of natural polymers, alginate ion crosslinking gel microspheres, alginate/IPDI gel microspheres, microencapsulated ion exchange solution and carboxymethyl chitosan-chitosan- carboxymethyl chitosan microcapsule were developed, which all were not reported yet. The structure and ion adsorbent properties were studied. The results revealed these novel ion adsorbents had excellent ion adsorbent properties and can be used in many fields. Carboxymethyl chitosan-chitosan-carboxymethyl chitosan microcapsule with complete chitosan matrix can be used in biological immobilization, drug control release and so on.
In this paper, gel microspheres of calcium alginate were prepared through electrostatic droplet generator. The mechanism of droplet formation, the shape and particle sizes of microspheres were investigated. The formula of theoretical calculation of diameter of gel microspheres is accordingly given in different conditions. The experimental results match the theoretical calculation well. The formula of theoretical calculation can be widely applied to study the effect of physicochemical properties of alginate and parameters of electrostatic droplet generator on diameter of gel microspheres of calcium alginate.
The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and IR spectra were used to investigate metal alginate complexes. The analytical methods were systematically established, which was very helpful to study coordination of metal polymers, especially metal polysaccharide. The coordination and stability between metal ions and alginate were given, which consisted with adsorption selectivity of alginate for metal ions.
系统研究了ACA离子取代性能和机理，并对其结构进行了表征。研究了微囊化材料壳聚糖和制备工艺条件对ACA强度和稳定性能的影响。ACA对Pb2+的吸附速率快，吸附选择性高，富集能力强，将其应用于血液灌流清除人体有毒金属离子时，ACA将优先吸附造成人体金属中毒的重金属离子。ACA表面光滑，用作血液吸附剂时对人体血小板破坏小，因此ACA有望作为一种新型的血液吸附剂，用于金属中毒等疾病的治疗。
研究开发了一系列新型天然高分子微球和微胶囊：非均相海藻酸离子交联凝胶微球、海藻酸/IPDI凝胶微球、微囊化离子吸附液和羧甲基壳聚糖-壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖微胶囊，并对其结构和离子吸附性能进行了详细研究，它们具有各自独特的离子吸附性能和广泛的应用前景，其中，非均相球形离子吸附剂和微囊化离子吸附液还未见报道；羧甲基壳聚糖-壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖微胶囊是一种完全壳聚糖基新型生物微胶囊，有望作为微胶囊在生物医学领域获得广泛应用。
采用静电液滴发生器制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球，研究了液滴形成机理、微球形态和粒径变化，并通过理论推导得到了微球粒径的计算公式，其计算公式能够很好的吻合实验结果，具有普遍的适用意义。
建立了金属海藻酸络合物结构的XPS和IR光谱表征技术，其技术对金属高分子特别是金属多糖高分子的结构和机理研究有重要的理论价值。通过XPS和IR表征考察了海藻酸和各种金属离子的配位结构和结合稳定性，其结合稳定性与海藻酸对金属离子的吸附选择性一致。
Alginate-Chitosan-Alginate (ACA) ion replacement gels were initiated and defined in this paper, which was a novel ion exchange system with capsular structure composed of capsular membrane of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex and intracapsular alginate solution. Being different from traditional ion exchange resin, the ion exchange process of ACA was sol-gel phase transformation, which was a novel ion adsorbent.
Ion replacement properties, mechanism and structure of ACA were studied in details. ACA with high strength and stability were prepared through modification of microencapsulated materials and optimization of preparation conditions. The adsorption of ACA for Pb2+ had quicker adsorption velocity, high selectivity and high enrichment capacity, which were contributed to be a novel blood adsorbent. In addition, ACA had smooth surface and high biological compatibility, which was hopeful as a blood adsorbent in order to cure metal toxicosis.
A series of novel microspheres and microcapsules of natural polymers, alginate ion crosslinking gel microspheres, alginate/IPDI gel microspheres, microencapsulated ion exchange solution and carboxymethyl chitosan-chitosan- carboxymethyl chitosan microcapsule were developed, which all were not reported yet. The structure and ion adsorbent properties were studied. The results revealed these novel ion adsorbents had excellent ion adsorbent properties and can be used in many fields. Carboxymethyl chitosan-chitosan-carboxymethyl chitosan microcapsule with complete chitosan matrix can be used in biological immobilization, drug control release and so on.
In this paper, gel microspheres of calcium alginate were prepared through electrostatic droplet generator. The mechanism of droplet formation, the shape and particle sizes of microspheres were investigated. The formula of theoretical calculation of diameter of gel microspheres is accordingly given in different conditions. The experimental results match the theoretical calculation well. The formula of theoretical calculation can be widely applied to study the effect of physicochemical properties of alginate and parameters of electrostatic droplet generator on diameter of gel microspheres of calcium alginate.
The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and IR spectra were used to investigate metal alginate complexes. The analytical methods were systematically established, which was very helpful to study coordination of metal polymers, especially metal polysaccharide. The coordination and stability between metal ions and alginate were given, which consisted with adsorption selectivity of alginate for metal ions.
引文
1 王世俊主编，金属中毒，北京：人民卫生出版社，1988.7-12
2 M.J. Giuliodori, C.E. Ramirez, M. Ayala. Acute copper intoxication after a Cu-Ca EDTA injection in rats, Toxicology, 1997,124:173-177
3 M. Lopez Alonso, J.L. Benedito, M. Miranda, et al.. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in cattle from Galicia, NW Spain, The Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 246:237-248
4 Lee Byung-Kook, The role of biological monitoring in the health management of lead-exposed workers, Toxicology Letters, 1999, 108:149-160
5 J. O. Nriagu, M. L. Blankson, K. Ocran. Childfood lead poisoning in Africa: a growing public health problem, The Science of the Total Environment, 1996,181:93-100
6 Tandon S.K., Chatterjee M., Bhargava A., et al.. Lead poisoning in Indian silver refiners, The Science of the Total Environment, 2001, 281:177-182
7 Alan H. Hall，Chronic arsenic poisoning，Toxicology Letters, 2002,128: 69-72
8 Trong-Neng Wu, Kuo-Ching Yang, Chien-Ming Wang, et al.. Lead poisoning caused by contaminated Cordyceps, a Chinese hebal medicine: two case reports, The Science of the Total Environment, 1996,182:193-195
9 王兰, 冯福建, 虞江萍等，治疗和预防铅中毒的药物及其制法，中国专利，01085080，2002-5-22
10 顾建新，徐沁，陈淳等，含吡咯并喹啉醌的治疗铅中毒的药物组合物，中国专利，00119473，2000-7-18
11 高树良，张莹，一种治疗金属中毒的中药制剂，中国专利，01119972，2001-7-5
12 Nasrallah Elias T., Method of chelating heavy metal ions, US patent, 4377484, 1983-03-22
13 Andheden Sigvard, Mueller Arthur. Method for preventing mercury poisoning caused by dissolution of mercury from amalgam fillings, US patent, 4859453, 1989-08-22
14 何炳林, 马建标.血液净化高分子吸附材料，高等学校化学学报, 1997, 18(7):1212-1218
15 何炳林, 郭贤权, 陈友安. 血液净化与血液灌流, 科学通报，2000, 45(5):449-454
16 于美丽, 贾克培, 吕文岚等. 中国生物医学工程学报, 血液灌流清除体内免疫复合物的实验研究, 2001,20(1):12-16
17 邓欢, 郭贤权, 何炳林. 中国科学, B缉, 受体吸附剂的制备,结构及对麻醉药物吸附的研究, 1997,27(8):306-313
18 俞耀庭, 陈长治, 孔德领. 碳化树脂DNA免疫吸附剂的制备方法, 中国专利, 98102355, 1998-6-8
19 贾凌云, 用于血液净化的蛋白Ａ免疫吸附材料的合成方法, 中国专利, 01106107, 2001-1-21
20 虞颂庭，翁铝庆主编. 生物医学工程的基础与临床, 天津：天津科学技术出版社, 1988, 159, 164, 167
21 郭贤权, 陈政，陈友安等, IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流治疗系统性红斑狼疮病例研究，离子交换与吸附，1997,13(2):203-206
22 徐建宽, 何炳林. 一种新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的制备, 高等学校化学学报.2002,23(7): 1421-1424
23 郭贤权, 何炳林. 医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液灌流临床应用的进展，离子交换与吸附，1995,11(4):377-382
24 邓欢, 郭贤权, 何炳林. 神经毒品解毒和戒瘾的新疗法－血液灌流疗法, 离子交换与吸附, 1997, 13(5):532-540
25 Faenza, S. Martinelli, G. Plicchi, et al.. Our Experience by anion exchange resins in E. C. clearance of bicarbonate, In: IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, New York, IEEE, Engineering in Medicine & Biology Soc., 1987: 1280-1281
26 Chang T.M.S.. Semipermeable Microcapsules, Science, 1964, 146(3643): 524-525
27 F. Lim and A. M. Sun. Microcapsulated Islets as a Bioartifiial Pancreas, Science, 210-908,1980
28 Wang Yng-Jiin. Development of new polycations for cell encapsulation with alginate, Materials Science and Engineering C: Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems, 2000, 13(1): 59-63
29 Sakai S., Ono T., Ijima H.. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of alginate/sol-gel synthesized aminopropyl-silicate/alginate membrane for bioartificial pancreas, Biomaterials, 2002, 23(21): 4177-4183
30 Robitaille Robert, Desbiens Karine, Henley Nathalie. Time course of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression in the host reaction to alginate-poly-L-lysine microcapsules following implantations into rat epididymal fat pads, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2000, 52(1): 18-23
31 李涛, 杨军, 崔润海等, 人工细胞微囊材料壳聚糖的实验研究, 中国生物医学工程学报,1995,14(1):7-10
32 宋继昌, 李涛, 杜智等，用微囊肝细胞治疗大鼠急性肝功能衰竭, 中国生物医学工程学报, 1994,13(3):218-221
33 薛毅珑, 王鲁宁, 何立敏等. 微囊化人工细胞治疗疾病的研究, 自然科学进展, 2000,10(4):299-303
34 薛毅珑, 何立敏，黎立等, 用于治疗疼痛的微囊化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 中国专利，99109957.8, 19996-16
35 薛毅珑, 王鲁宁, 王振福. 用于治疗帕金森病的微囊化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 中国专利, 99109056.X, 1999-6-16
36 Minette G., Leves M.G., Lee Gyun-Min, et al.. a potential culture system for the clonal outgrowth of hematopoietic progenitor cells, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1994,43(8):734-739
37 Torre M.L., Faustini M., Norberti R.. Bari um alginate cell-delivery systems: correlation between technological parameters, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2002, 242(1-2): 389-391
38 Schneider Stephan, Feilen Peter Johannes, Slotty Viola, et al.. Multilayer capsules: a promising microencapsulation system for transplantation of pancreatic islets. Biomaterials, 2001,22(14): 1961-1970
39 梅乐和, 姚善泾, 朱自强. 微囊化增殖酵母培养过程及动力学, 化工学报, 2002, 53(5): 493-497
40 Rilling P., Walter T., Pommersheim R., et al.. Encapsulation of cytochrome C by multilayer microcapsules. A model for improved enzyme immobilization , Membrane Sci., 1997,129(2):283-287
41 Liu Chunzhao, Honda Hiroyuki, Ohshima Akira, et al.. Development of chitosan-magnetite aggregates containing Nitrosomonas europaea cells for nitrification enhancement, J. Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2000,89(5) 420-425
42 叶子坚, 姚善泾. 乳杆菌微胶囊化培养的研究, 微生物学报. 2000,40(5): 507-512
43 王玉洁, 刘持标. 微胶囊固定化过氧化氢酶, 高等学校化学学报. 1996, 17(6): 953-956
44 Green K. D. Gill I.S., Khan J.A., et al.. Microencapsulation of yeast cells and their use as a biocatalyst in organic solvents, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1996,49(5): 535-543
45 刘袖洞, 何洋, 刘群等. 微胶囊及其在生物医学领域的应用, 科学通报, 2000,45(23): 2476-2485
46 Chandy T., Mooradian, D.L., Rao G.H.R., Chitosan/polyethylene glycol-alginate microcapsules for oral delivery of hirudin, J. Applied Polymer Science, 1998,70(1): 2143-2153
47 Hari P.R., Chandy T., Sharma C.P., Chitosan/calcium-alginate beads for oral delivery of insulin, J. Applied Polymer Science, 1996,59:1795-1801
48 Larionova N.V., Ponchel G., Duchêne D., et al.. Biodegradable cross-linked starch/protein microcapsules containing proteinase inhibitor for oral protein administration, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1999,189(2): 171 - 178
49 Li Sha, Wang Xiang-tao, Zhang Xiao-bin, et al.. Studies on alginate-chitosan microcapsules and renal arterial embolization in rabbits, Journal of Controlled Release, 2002, 84(3): 87-98
50 薛伟明, 刘袖洞, 雄鹰. 胰岛素口服给药, 科学通报, 2002,47(14): 1044-1049
51 王康, 何志敏. 海藻酸微胶囊的制备及在药物控释中的研究进展, 化学工程.2002,30(1): 48-54
52 邹黎明, 杨定超, 王菊生. 微胶囊膜厚的测定及其对释放速率的影响，中国纺织大学学报，1995, 21(2):22-30
53 Goosen Mattheus F. A., O'Shea Geraldine M., Gharapetian Hrire M., et al.. Optimization of microencapsulation parameters: semipermeable microcapsules as a bioartificial pancreas, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1985, 27(2): 146-150
54 杨军, 海藻酸－聚L-赖氨酸－海藻酸微胶囊制备及其结构表征，硕士学位论文，天津大学，1997
55 孙多先, 陈益清, 杨军等. ACA微胶囊膜厚的理论计算与实验研究, 生物医学工程学杂志,2002,19(4):
56 刘丽丽, 王金华, 刘安伟. 原子力显微镜对APA生物薄膜超微结构的研究, 中国生物医学工程给学报, 1999，18(1): 30-334
57 Zhang Z., Saunders R., Thomas C. R.. Micromanipulation measurement of the bursting strength of single microcapsules, The 1994 IchemE Research Event. Rugby: Inst. Chem. Eng., 1994, 722-724
58 Mattew HM, Salley SO, Peterson WD, et al., Complex coacervate microcapsules for mammalian cell culture and artificial organ development, Biotechnol. Prog. 1993, 9:510-519
59 Douxian S, Yan Z, Anjie D, et al.. Studies on the degradation of chitosan and preparation of alginate-chitosan microcapsules, Polym. Biomater., 1991, 3:295-300
60 马小军 解玉冰, 周丽等，APA生物微胶囊的制备条件与膜强度的关系, 中华器官移植杂志.1995,16(4)：156-157
61 刘群，薛伟明，于炜婷等，海藻酸钠－壳聚糖微胶囊膜强度的研究，高等学校化学学报.2002,23(7)：1417-1420
62 苏晶，海藻酸－壳聚糖海藻酸生物微胶囊制备工艺及其膜释放性能研究，硕士学位论文，天津大学，2000
63 Olav Gaserod, Olav Smidsrod, Gudmund Skjak-Brak., Microcapsule of alginate-chitosan.(1)：A quantitative study of the interaction between alginate and chitosan, Biomaterials.1998, 19:1815-1825
64 Olav Gaserod, Andrea Sannes, Gudmund Skjak-Brak., Microcapsule of alginate-chitosan(2): A study of capsule stability and permeability, Biomaterials. 1999, 20:773-783
65 何洋 谢玉冰，王勇等，APA微胶囊扩散数学模型的改进，高等学校化学学报.2000,21(2)：278-282
66 付颖丽, 雄鹰, 于炜婷等. 海藻酸钠／壳聚糖微胶囊生物相容性的研究, 自然科学进展. 2002, 12(8): 845-847
67 Fundueanu Gheorghe, Nastruzzi Claudio, Carpov Adrian, Desbrieres Jacques, Rinaudo Marguerite. Physico-chemical characterization of Ca-alginate microparticles produced with different methods. Biomaterials, 1999,20(15):1427-1435
68 N Mofidi, M Aghai-Mogadam, M N Sarbolouki. Mass preparation and characterization of alginate microspheres, Process Biochemistry, 2000,35:885-888
69 Morgan George Richard. Formation of monodisperse particles in aerosol for pharmaceutical uses. EP1004349, 2000-5-31
70 Poncelet D., Babak V. G., Neufeld R. J., et al.. Theory of electrostatic dispersion of polymer solutions in the production of microgel beads containing biocatalyst. Advances in Colliod and Interface Science, 1999,79(2-3): 213-228
71 Bugarski B., Li Q.L., Goosen M.F.A., et al.. Electrostatic droplet generator-mechanism of polymer droplet formation. AIChE Journal, 1994,40(6):1026-1031
72 Viktor A. Nedovic, Bojana Obradovic, Ida L. C.. Electrostatic generation of alginate microbeads loaded with brewing yeast, Process Biochemistry,2001, 37: 17-22
73 Douglas B Seifert, Janice A Phillips, Production of small monodispersed alginate beads for cell immbilization, Biotechnol. Prog., 1997,13:562-568
74 Y Senuma, C Lowe, Y Zweifel, J G Hilborn, I Marison, alginate hydrogel microspheres and microcapsules prepared by spinning disk atomization, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000,67:616-622
75 Ulmke H., Wriedt T., Bauckhage K.. Piezoelectric droplet generator for the calibration of particle-sizing instrument. Chem. Eng. Technol., 2001,24(3): 265-268
76 杜修平，壳聚糖的降解与吸附性能研究，硕士学位论文，天津大学，2000
77 朱彦，蝇蛆甲壳素的制备及性能的研究，硕士学位论文，天津大学，1998
78 Figueira M.M., Volesky B., Ciminelli V.S.T., et al.. Biosorption of metals in brown seaweed biomass .Water Research, 2000, 34(1):196-204
79 Yu Q., Kaewsarn P., Ma W., et al.. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by using biosorbents from marine algae-a cost effective new technology.Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2001,9(2):133-136
80 Bassi Raman, Prasher Shiv O., Simpson B.K.. Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solutions using chitosan flakes, Separation Science and Technology, 2000,35(4): 547-560
81 Deans John R., Dixon Brian G.. Uptake of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by novel biopolymers. Water Research, 1992, 26(4): 469-472
82 Williams C.J., Edyvean R.G.J.. Optimization of metal adsorption by seaweeds and seaweed derivatives.Process Safety and Environmental Protection: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B,1997,75(1) IChemE:19-26
83 Aderhold D., Williams C.J., Edyvean R.G.J.. Rmoval of heavy-metal ions by seaweeds and their derivatives. Bioresource Technology, 1996, 58(1): 1-6
84 Y. Jodra, F. Mijangos. Ion exchange selectivities of calcium alginate gels for heavy metals. Water science and technology, 2001,43(2): 237-244
85 朱伯儒, 史作清, 何炳林. 天然高分子吸附剂研究进展, 天然产物研究与开发.1996,8(3): 69-76
86 Sung-Tao Lee, Fwu-Long Mi, Yu-Ju Shen, et al.. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of copper(Ⅱ) ion uptake by chitosan-tripolyphosphate chelating resin, Polymer, 2001, 42: 1879-1892
87 Evans Johanna R., Davids William G., MacRae, Jean D., et al.. Kinetics of cadmium uptake by chitosan-based crab shells, 2002, 36(13): 3219-3226
88 蒋挺大编著，壳聚糖，北京：化学工业出版社，2001，192-197
89 曲荣君, 刘竹青,刘庆俭. 天然高分子吸附剂研究--羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂的合成及吸附特性, 环境科学学报.1997,17(1): 121-125
90 程 发，李厚萍，魏王萍. 交联羧甲基壳聚糖制备及对Cu(Ⅱ)的螯合性能, 天津大学学报：自然科学与工程技术版. 2002,35(3): 362-366
91 朱伯儒, 史作清, 何炳林. 球形纤维素吸附剂的制备和应用研究进展，精细化工.1996,13(3)：42-46
92 杨超雄 吴锦远. 纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂的研究--CuCl2的吸附行为, 高等学校化学学报.1998,19(3): 419-423
93 Hassan R.M., Ikeda Y., Tomiyasu H.. Alginate polyelectrolyte ionotropic gels， Journal of Materials Science, 1993,28(19): 5143-5147
94 Potter K., McFarland E.W.. Ion transport studies in calcium alginate gels by magnetic resonance microscopy Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance， Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,1996, 6(4):323-331
95 Nestle N., Kimmich R.. Heavy metal uptake of alginate gels studied by NMR microscopy, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1996, 115:141-147
96 甘景镐, 甘纯玑, 胡炳环等. 天然高分子化学, 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1993, 210-215
97 Thu B., bruheim P., Espevik T., et al.. Alginate polycation microcapsules, 1. Interaction between alginate and polycation, Biomaterials, 1996, 17: 1031-1040
98 Maetinsen A., Skjak-Brak G., Smidsrod O.. Alginate as mobilization materials: 1. Correlation between chemical and physical properties of alginate gel beads, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1989,33:79-89
99 Wang Z. Y., Zhang Q. Z., Konno M., et al.. Sol-gel transition of alginate solution by the addition of various divalent cations: 13C-NMR spectroscopic study, Biopolymer, 1993, 33(4):703-711
100 Jo-Shu Chang, Jeng-Charn Huang. Selective Adsorption/Recovery of Pb, Cu, and Cd with Multiple Fixed Beds Containing Immobilized Bacterial Biomass, Biotechnol. Prog. 1998, 14: 735-741
101 Khairou K.S., Al-Gethami W.M., Hassan R.M.. Kinetics and mechanism of sol-gel transformation between sodium alginate polyelectrolyte and some heavy divalent metal ions with formation of capillary structure polymembranes ionotropic gels, Journal of Membrane Science，2002, 209(2): 445-456
102 Zheng Honghe, Zhang Hucheng, Zhang Qingzhi. Salt effects on the cross-linking mechanism of cupric-induced sol-gel transition in alginate solutions, Carbohydrate Polymers, 1998, 35(3-4): 215-221
103 Hassan R.M., Summan A. M., Hassan M. K., et al.. Kinetics and mechanism of sol-gel transformation on polyelectrolytes of some transition metal ions, especially cobalt alginate ionotropic membranes, Eur. Polym. J., 1989,25(12):1209-1212
104 Konishi Y., Asai S., Midoh Y., et al.. Recovery of zinc, cadmium, and lanthanum by biopolymer gel particles of alginic acid , Separation Science and technology,1993,28(9):1691-1702
105 Jang L.K., Geesey G.G., Lopez S.L., et al.. Use of a gel-forming biopolymer directly dispensed into a loop fluidized bed reactor to recover dissolved copper Water Research, 1990, 24(7): 889-897
106 Hideshi Seki, Akira Suzuki. Adsorption of Lead Ions on Composite Biopolymer Adsorbent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1996, 35: 1378-1382
107 J. Paul Chen， Liang Hong, Shunnian Wu, et al.. Elucidation of Interactions between Metal Ions and Ca-Alginate-Based Ion-Exchange Resin by Spectroscopic Analysis and Modeling Simulation, Langmuir, La026060v
108 Jiaping Chen, Fan Ytendeyong, Sotirayiacoumi, Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Copper Ion Uptake by Calcium Alginate, Environ. Sci. Technol.1997, 31:1433-1439
109 Munishwar N. Gupta, Sulakshana Jain, and Ipsita Roy, Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography without Chelating Ligands: Purification of Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor on Zinc Alginate Beads, Biotechnol. Prog., 2002, 18: 78-81
110 Sardar M., Gupta M. N. Alginate as an affinity material for alpha amylases, Bioseparation, 1998, 7: 159-165
111 Roy, I.; Sardar, M., Gupta, M. N. Exploiting unusual affinity of usual polysaccharides for separation of enzymes in fluidized bed mode, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2000, 27, 53-65
112 Kimberlee Potter, Bruce J. Balcom, T. Adrian Carpenter, et al.. The gelation of sodium alginate with calcium ions studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Carbohydrate Research,1994,257:117-126
113 Beathe Thu a, Gudmund Skj~k-Brzeka, Fulvio Micali b, The spatial distributionof calciumin alginate gel beads analysedby synchrotron-radiationinduced X-ray emission(SRIXE), CarbohydrateResearch, 1997, 297: 101-105
114 Gadd G. M. Accumulation of metals by microorganisms and algae. In Biotechnology; Rehm H. J., Reed G., Eds., VCH Publishers: Weinheim, Germany, 1988; Vol. 6b: 401-430
115 Volesky B., Holan Z. R., Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnol. Prog. 1995, 11: 235-250
116 Chang J.S., Hong J. Biosorption of mercury by the inactivated cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU21 (Rip64). Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1994, 44: 999-1006
117 Hu M. Z.C., Norman J. M., Faison B. D., et al.. Biosorption of uranium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU: Characterization and comparison studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1996, 51: 237-247
118 Hu M. Z.C., Reeves M. E. Biosorption of uranium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU immobilized in a novel matrix, Biotechnol. Prog., 1997, 13: 60-70
119 Yuan Yu-Kang. Immobilization of microbial cells and enzymes in calcium alginate-polyethylene glycol polyethylene imide beads and application to wastewater treatment. US patent. US6153416,2000-11-28
120 BABISH JOHN G., Combinations of psyllium and chitosan for synergistic adsorption of triglyceride, US Patent, US2002137729, 2002-09-26
121 MORIGUCHI SOYAO, SUZUKI HIROSHI, WATANABE HIROKO, et al.. Adsorbent composed of porous beads of chitosan and adsorption method using same, US Patent, US4879340, 1989-11-07
122 高景曦, 仇波, 程延祥等. 蜂胶壳聚糖保健药物, 中国专利，CN1342463, 2002-04-03
123 SCOTT C. D., WOODWARD C. A., BYERS C. H., Gel bead composition for metal adsorption, US Patent, US4978647, 1990-12-18
124 SCOTT C. D., WOODWARD C. A., BYERS C. H., Gel bead composition for metal adsorption, US Patent, US4995985, 1991-02-26
125 POHL PETER, Method for production of adsorption material, US Patent, US5648313, 1997-07-15
126 GRASHOFF G. J., TREGUNNO-EASON G. A., PRATT A. S.. Water treatment, European Patent, EP0380228, 1990-08-01
127 Ciardelli F., Tsuchida E., Wohrle D.. 高分子金属络合物(张志奇, 张举贤译), 北京：北京大学出版社, 1999, 1-9; 25-27
128 Abdel-Hadi Afkar K., Hosny Wafaa M., Basta Altaf H. et al.. Metal chelates with some cellulose derivatives. II. Preparation and characterization of Co(II)-CMC complexes, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 1994,33(6): 781-791
129 Hanna A.A., Basta Altaf H., El-Saied Houssni. Thermal properties of cellulose acetate and its complexes with some transition metals, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1999, 63(2): 293-296
130 Kubota Naoji. Permeability properties of chitosan-transition metal complex membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1997, 64(4): 819-822
131 Okuyama K., Noguchi K., Kanenari M.. Structural diversity of chitosan and its complexes, Carbohydrate Polymers, 2000, 41(3): 237-248
132 陈新, 李文俊, 钟伟. 壳聚糖-丝心蛋白合金膜中的壳聚糖/铜(Ⅱ)络合物对尿素的吸附性能探索, 中国生物医学工程学报.1997,16(3): 284-288
133 何炳林，赵晓斌，高分子金属络合物配位吸附尿素分子的研究,中国科学，B辑，1993，23(6): 567-574
134 Kwok W. Y., Kiparissides C., Yuet P., et al.. Mathematical modelling of protein diffusion in microcapsules: a comparison with experimental results, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1991, 69: 361-370
135 程贤甦,关怀民,苏英草.海藻酸铜膜表面的配位结构及催化MMA聚合的性能.化学学报,2000,58(4):407-413
136 Cheng Xiansu, Guan Huaimin, Su Yingcao. Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Initiated by a Copper Alginate Coordination Polymer Film/Na2SO3/H2O System, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, 2002, 10(3): 115-126
137 Figueira M. M., Volesky B., Mathieu H. J., Instrumental Analysis Study of Iron Species Biosorption by Sargassum Biomass, Environ. Sci. Technol, 1999, 33:1840-1846
138 Grasdalen H., High-field 1H-NMR spectroscopy of alginate: sequential structure and linkage conformations, Carbohydrate Research, 1983, 118: 255-260
139 Berth Gisela，Methodical aspects of characterization of alginate and pectate by light scattering and viscometry coupled with GPC, Carbohydrate Polymers, 1992, 19(1): 1-9
140 郑洪河, 王键吉, 张虎成等，海藻酸钠溶液溶胶-凝胶相转变过程的光谱学研究, 光谱学与光谱分析.1998,18(5): 547-550
141 左榘，安英丽赵曦光. 动态光散射法研究海藻酸钠凝胶松弛行为，高分子材料科学与工程.1998,14(2)：74-77
142 左榘，安英丽，赵曦光. 动态光散射法研究海藻酸钠凝胶化行为，高分子材料科学与工程.1998,14(1)：71-74
143 中本一雄著，无机合配位化合物的红外和拉曼光谱（黄德如，王仁庆译），北京：化学工业出版社，1991，256-258
144 Deacon G. B., Phillips R.J.. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. Relationships between the Carbon-Oxygen stretching frequencies of carboxylato complexes and the type of carboxylate coordination, 1980,33:227-250
145 Nestle Nikolaus F.E.I.， Kimmich Rainer. NMR imaging of heavy metal absorption in alginate, immobilized cells, and kombu algal biosorbents, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1996, 51(5): 538-543
146 刘世宏，王当憨，潘承璜编著. X-射线光电子能谱北京：科学出版社，1988，1-2；85-88；119-135
147 华中一，罗维昂编著，表面分析，上海：复旦大学出版社，1989，129-130；145-147；159-163
148 D. Briggs, 聚合物表面分析 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和静态次级离子质谱(SSIMS)(曹立礼，邓宗武译)，北京：化学工业出版社, 2001,27-33;51-53
149 Laurent Dambies a, Claude Guimon b, Sotira Yiacoumi c, et al.. Characterization of metal ion interactions with chitosan by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2001，177：203-214
150 G. Beamson, D. Briggs. High resolution XPS of organic polymers, The Scienta ESCA300 Database, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1992, 158-165
151 陆家和，陈长彦等编著，表面分析技术，北京：电子工业出版社，1987， 223-233
152 Feldman L. C., Mayer J. W.. 表面与薄膜分析基础(严燕来，蒋平译)，上海：复旦大学出版社，1989，219-220
153 苏英卓, 关怀民, 程传煊, Cu(Ⅱ)-脱乙酰壳聚糖配位聚合物的配位数. 化学学报, 1999,57(6): 596-602
154 季君晖，Cu2+-壳聚糖螯合物及壳聚糖吸附Cu2+机理的XPS研究，应用化学.2000,17(1)：115-116
155 Dambies Laurent, Vincent Thierry, Guibal Eric. Treatment of arsenic-containing solutions using chitosan derivatives: Uptake mechanism and sorption performances, Water Research, 2002, 36(15): 3699-3710
156 Arof A.K., Morni N.M., Yarm, M.A.. Evidence of lithium-nitrogen interaction in chitosan-based films from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Materials Science & Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, 1998, B55(1-2): 130-133
157 Johansson, Leena-Sisko; Campbell, J.M.; Koljonen, Krista; Stenius, Per. Evaluation of surface lignin on cellulose fibers with XPS, Applied Surface Science, 1999, 144: 92-95
158 Ryu J.H,.Lee H,. Kim Y.J.,et al.. Facilitated olefin transport by reversible olefin coordination to silver ions in a dry cellulose acetate membrane， Chemistry - A European Journal，2001，7(7): 1525-1529
159 姜志新，谌竟清，宋正孝.离子交换分离工程，天津: 天津大学出版社，1992: 102-122; 402-407
160 Stokke Bjorn T., Draget Kurt I., Smidsrod Olav, et al.. Small-angle X-ray scattering and rheological characterization of alginate gels. 1. Ca-alginate gels, Macromolecules, 2000, 33(5): 1853-1863
161 Park Joong Kon, Jin Yong Biao, Chang Ho Nam. Reusable biosorbents in capsules from Zoogloea ramigera cells for cadmium removal, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999, 63(1): 116-121
162 Chang Jo-Shu, Huang Jeng-Charn. Selective adsorption/recovery of Pb, Cu, and Cd with multiple fixed beds containing immobilized bacterial biomass, Biotechnology Progress, 1998, 14(5): 735-741
163 Kawakami Koe, Tsuruda Satoshi, Miyagi Katsuyoshi. Immobilization of microbial cells in a mixed matrix of silicone polymer and calcium alginate gel. Epoxidation of 1-octene by Nocardia corallina B-276 in organic media, Biotechnology Progress, 1990, 6(5): 357-361
164 Kierstan M., Bucke C.. Immobilization of microbial cells, subcellular organelles, and enzymes in calcium alginate gels, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2000, 67(6): 726-736
165 Veglio F., Esposito A., Reverberi A.P.. Copper adsorption on calcium alginate beads: Equilibrium pH-related models, Hydrometallurgy, 2002, 65(1): 43-57
166 Mimura Hitoshi, Saito Mikio, Akiba Kenichi, Selective uptake of cesium by ammonium tungstophosphate (AWP)-calcium alginate composites, Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange，2000，18(5): 1015-1027
167 Mutlu Mehmet, Sag Yesim, Kutsal Tulin. Adsorption of copper(II) by Z. ramigera immobilized on Ca-alginate in packed bed columns: A dynamic approach by stimulus-response technique and evaluation of adsorption data by moment analysis, Chemical Engineering Journal, 1997, 65(1): 81-86
168 Chang J.-Sh., Huang J.-Ch., Chang Ch.-Ch.. et al.. Removal and recovery of lead fixed-bed biosorption with immobilized bacterial biomass, Water Science and Technology, 1998, 38(4-5): 171-178
169 Annadura G., Juang Ruey-Shin, Lee Duu-Jong. Factorial design analysis for adsorption of dye on activated carbon beads incorporated with calcium alginate, Advances in Environmental Research, 2002, 6(2): 191-198
170 Kanekiyo Yasumasa, Inoue Kazuhiko, Ono, Yoshiyuki, Shinkai Seiji. Facile Design of a Metal-imprinted Surface from a Poly(Vinyl Chloride-co-Acrylic Acid)/Poly(Propylene Glycol) Blend, Tetrahedron Letters, 1998, 39(42): 7721-7724
171 汪大翚, 徐新华, 宋爽编, 工业废水中专项污染物处理手册, 北京化学工业出版社, 2000, 54-62
172 钱庭宝编著.离子交换剂应用技术,天津：天津科学技术出版社,1984,406-410
173 王旭东,何锡文,郭洪声,王新省,栗方星,王补森. 球形铜离子模板缩聚物的制备及其选择吸附性能.分析化学,2000,28(7):805-809
174 何炳林,王补森, 李文兰,丁泽仁,郭振良.新型络合吸附剂的研究(Ⅳ)-铜(Ⅱ),镍(Ⅱ)模板高分子多乙烯多胺络合吸附剂的记忆性. 高等学校化学学报,1994,15(1): 132-135
175 黄文强,韩丽君,李晨曦,印寿根,何炳林. 模板交联壳聚糖对Cu2+,Ni2+,Co2+离子的吸附作用研究.离子交换与吸附,1997,14(4): 329-336
176 Vlatakis G., Andersson L.I., Mueller R., Mosbach K.. Drug assay using antibody mimics made by molecular imprinting, Nature, 1993, 361(6413): 645
177 赖家文, 何锡文, 郭洪声等. 分子印迹技术的回顾、现状与展望，分析化学，2001，29(7): 836-844
178 Yin D., Mufson R.A., Wang R., Shi Y.. Fas-mediated cell death promoted by opioids, Nature, 1999, 397(6716): 218
179 Yoshida Masahiro, Hatate Yasuo, Uezu Kazuya. Chiral-recognition polymer prepared by surface molecular imprinting technique, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2000, 169(1): 259-269
180 郭洪声, 何锡文, 景莹等. 4—氨基吡啶分子模板聚合物选择性识别及结合性质的研究. 高等学校化学学报，2001, 22(5): 739-743
181 Masahiro Yoshida, Yasuo Hatate, Kazuya Uezu, Masahiro Goto, Shintaro Furusaki. Metal-imprinted microsphere prepared by surface template polymerization and its application to chromatography. Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2000,38(4): 686-696
182 Mark Charles Burleigh. Molecular imprinting of organofunctionalized sol-gel materials for metal ion separations. PhD dissertation, the University of Tennessee, 2000
183 Sue Y. Bae, Glen L. Southard, George M. Murray. Molecularly imprinted ion exchange resin for purification, preconcentration and determination of UO22+ by spectrophotometry and plasma spectrometry, Analytica Chimica Acta, 1999, 397: 173-181
184 朱曼, 何锡文，王补森等. 选择性分离铜的分子模板聚合法优选条件的研究，分析科学学报. 1998, 14(2): 98-101
185 Yoshida Masahiro, Uezu Kazuya, Goto Masahiro, Furusaki Shintaro. Required properties for functional monomers to produce a metal template effect by a surface molecular imprinting technique, Macromolecules, 1999, 32(4) 1237-1243
186 Stokke Bjorn T., Draget Kurt I., Yuguchi Y. et al.. Small-angle X-ray scattering and reological characterization of alginate gels. Macromolecular Symposia, 1997, 120: 91-101
187 Mooney David J., Shea Lonnie D., Peters Martin C., Liao Elly, Richardson Thomas P.. PCT Int. Appl. WO, 2001035932, 2001-5-25
188 Hunter R. J.. Foundations of Colloid Chemistry, vol.1, Oxford University Press, New York,1989.
189 A. H. 耶菲莫夫著，无机化合物性质手册(高胜利，宋俊峰译). 西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1987.3
190 Yu K. Y.， Tsukagoshi K., Maeda Mi., et al Metal ion-imprinted microspheres prepared by reorganization of the coordinating groups on the surface, Anal. Sci., 1992, 8:701-703
191 John F. Moulder, William F. Stickle, Peter E. Sobol, Kenneth D. Bomben. Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A reference book of standard spectra for identification and interpretation of XPS data, Minnesota: Perkin-Elmer Corporation physical elecctronics division. 1992:Appendix B.
2 M.J. Giuliodori, C.E. Ramirez, M. Ayala. Acute copper intoxication after a Cu-Ca EDTA injection in rats, Toxicology, 1997,124:173-177
3 M. Lopez Alonso, J.L. Benedito, M. Miranda, et al.. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in cattle from Galicia, NW Spain, The Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 246:237-248
4 Lee Byung-Kook, The role of biological monitoring in the health management of lead-exposed workers, Toxicology Letters, 1999, 108:149-160
5 J. O. Nriagu, M. L. Blankson, K. Ocran. Childfood lead poisoning in Africa: a growing public health problem, The Science of the Total Environment, 1996,181:93-100
6 Tandon S.K., Chatterjee M., Bhargava A., et al.. Lead poisoning in Indian silver refiners, The Science of the Total Environment, 2001, 281:177-182
7 Alan H. Hall，Chronic arsenic poisoning，Toxicology Letters, 2002,128: 69-72
8 Trong-Neng Wu, Kuo-Ching Yang, Chien-Ming Wang, et al.. Lead poisoning caused by contaminated Cordyceps, a Chinese hebal medicine: two case reports, The Science of the Total Environment, 1996,182:193-195
9 王兰, 冯福建, 虞江萍等，治疗和预防铅中毒的药物及其制法，中国专利，01085080，2002-5-22
10 顾建新，徐沁，陈淳等，含吡咯并喹啉醌的治疗铅中毒的药物组合物，中国专利，00119473，2000-7-18
11 高树良，张莹，一种治疗金属中毒的中药制剂，中国专利，01119972，2001-7-5
12 Nasrallah Elias T., Method of chelating heavy metal ions, US patent, 4377484, 1983-03-22
13 Andheden Sigvard, Mueller Arthur. Method for preventing mercury poisoning caused by dissolution of mercury from amalgam fillings, US patent, 4859453, 1989-08-22
14 何炳林, 马建标.血液净化高分子吸附材料，高等学校化学学报, 1997, 18(7):1212-1218
15 何炳林, 郭贤权, 陈友安. 血液净化与血液灌流, 科学通报，2000, 45(5):449-454
16 于美丽, 贾克培, 吕文岚等. 中国生物医学工程学报, 血液灌流清除体内免疫复合物的实验研究, 2001,20(1):12-16
17 邓欢, 郭贤权, 何炳林. 中国科学, B缉, 受体吸附剂的制备,结构及对麻醉药物吸附的研究, 1997,27(8):306-313
18 俞耀庭, 陈长治, 孔德领. 碳化树脂DNA免疫吸附剂的制备方法, 中国专利, 98102355, 1998-6-8
19 贾凌云, 用于血液净化的蛋白Ａ免疫吸附材料的合成方法, 中国专利, 01106107, 2001-1-21
20 虞颂庭，翁铝庆主编. 生物医学工程的基础与临床, 天津：天津科学技术出版社, 1988, 159, 164, 167
21 郭贤权, 陈政，陈友安等, IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流治疗系统性红斑狼疮病例研究，离子交换与吸附，1997,13(2):203-206
22 徐建宽, 何炳林. 一种新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的制备, 高等学校化学学报.2002,23(7): 1421-1424
23 郭贤权, 何炳林. 医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液灌流临床应用的进展，离子交换与吸附，1995,11(4):377-382
24 邓欢, 郭贤权, 何炳林. 神经毒品解毒和戒瘾的新疗法－血液灌流疗法, 离子交换与吸附, 1997, 13(5):532-540
25 Faenza, S. Martinelli, G. Plicchi, et al.. Our Experience by anion exchange resins in E. C. clearance of bicarbonate, In: IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, New York, IEEE, Engineering in Medicine & Biology Soc., 1987: 1280-1281
26 Chang T.M.S.. Semipermeable Microcapsules, Science, 1964, 146(3643): 524-525
27 F. Lim and A. M. Sun. Microcapsulated Islets as a Bioartifiial Pancreas, Science, 210-908,1980
28 Wang Yng-Jiin. Development of new polycations for cell encapsulation with alginate, Materials Science and Engineering C: Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems, 2000, 13(1): 59-63
29 Sakai S., Ono T., Ijima H.. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of alginate/sol-gel synthesized aminopropyl-silicate/alginate membrane for bioartificial pancreas, Biomaterials, 2002, 23(21): 4177-4183
30 Robitaille Robert, Desbiens Karine, Henley Nathalie. Time course of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression in the host reaction to alginate-poly-L-lysine microcapsules following implantations into rat epididymal fat pads, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2000, 52(1): 18-23
31 李涛, 杨军, 崔润海等, 人工细胞微囊材料壳聚糖的实验研究, 中国生物医学工程学报,1995,14(1):7-10
32 宋继昌, 李涛, 杜智等，用微囊肝细胞治疗大鼠急性肝功能衰竭, 中国生物医学工程学报, 1994,13(3):218-221
33 薛毅珑, 王鲁宁, 何立敏等. 微囊化人工细胞治疗疾病的研究, 自然科学进展, 2000,10(4):299-303
34 薛毅珑, 何立敏，黎立等, 用于治疗疼痛的微囊化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 中国专利，99109957.8, 19996-16
35 薛毅珑, 王鲁宁, 王振福. 用于治疗帕金森病的微囊化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 中国专利, 99109056.X, 1999-6-16
36 Minette G., Leves M.G., Lee Gyun-Min, et al.. a potential culture system for the clonal outgrowth of hematopoietic progenitor cells, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1994,43(8):734-739
37 Torre M.L., Faustini M., Norberti R.. Bari um alginate cell-delivery systems: correlation between technological parameters, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2002, 242(1-2): 389-391
38 Schneider Stephan, Feilen Peter Johannes, Slotty Viola, et al.. Multilayer capsules: a promising microencapsulation system for transplantation of pancreatic islets. Biomaterials, 2001,22(14): 1961-1970
39 梅乐和, 姚善泾, 朱自强. 微囊化增殖酵母培养过程及动力学, 化工学报, 2002, 53(5): 493-497
40 Rilling P., Walter T., Pommersheim R., et al.. Encapsulation of cytochrome C by multilayer microcapsules. A model for improved enzyme immobilization , Membrane Sci., 1997,129(2):283-287
41 Liu Chunzhao, Honda Hiroyuki, Ohshima Akira, et al.. Development of chitosan-magnetite aggregates containing Nitrosomonas europaea cells for nitrification enhancement, J. Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2000,89(5) 420-425
42 叶子坚, 姚善泾. 乳杆菌微胶囊化培养的研究, 微生物学报. 2000,40(5): 507-512
43 王玉洁, 刘持标. 微胶囊固定化过氧化氢酶, 高等学校化学学报. 1996, 17(6): 953-956
44 Green K. D. Gill I.S., Khan J.A., et al.. Microencapsulation of yeast cells and their use as a biocatalyst in organic solvents, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1996,49(5): 535-543
45 刘袖洞, 何洋, 刘群等. 微胶囊及其在生物医学领域的应用, 科学通报, 2000,45(23): 2476-2485
46 Chandy T., Mooradian, D.L., Rao G.H.R., Chitosan/polyethylene glycol-alginate microcapsules for oral delivery of hirudin, J. Applied Polymer Science, 1998,70(1): 2143-2153
47 Hari P.R., Chandy T., Sharma C.P., Chitosan/calcium-alginate beads for oral delivery of insulin, J. Applied Polymer Science, 1996,59:1795-1801
48 Larionova N.V., Ponchel G., Duchêne D., et al.. Biodegradable cross-linked starch/protein microcapsules containing proteinase inhibitor for oral protein administration, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1999,189(2): 171 - 178
49 Li Sha, Wang Xiang-tao, Zhang Xiao-bin, et al.. Studies on alginate-chitosan microcapsules and renal arterial embolization in rabbits, Journal of Controlled Release, 2002, 84(3): 87-98
50 薛伟明, 刘袖洞, 雄鹰. 胰岛素口服给药, 科学通报, 2002,47(14): 1044-1049
51 王康, 何志敏. 海藻酸微胶囊的制备及在药物控释中的研究进展, 化学工程.2002,30(1): 48-54
52 邹黎明, 杨定超, 王菊生. 微胶囊膜厚的测定及其对释放速率的影响，中国纺织大学学报，1995, 21(2):22-30
53 Goosen Mattheus F. A., O'Shea Geraldine M., Gharapetian Hrire M., et al.. Optimization of microencapsulation parameters: semipermeable microcapsules as a bioartificial pancreas, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1985, 27(2): 146-150
54 杨军, 海藻酸－聚L-赖氨酸－海藻酸微胶囊制备及其结构表征，硕士学位论文，天津大学，1997
55 孙多先, 陈益清, 杨军等. ACA微胶囊膜厚的理论计算与实验研究, 生物医学工程学杂志,2002,19(4):
56 刘丽丽, 王金华, 刘安伟. 原子力显微镜对APA生物薄膜超微结构的研究, 中国生物医学工程给学报, 1999，18(1): 30-334
57 Zhang Z., Saunders R., Thomas C. R.. Micromanipulation measurement of the bursting strength of single microcapsules, The 1994 IchemE Research Event. Rugby: Inst. Chem. Eng., 1994, 722-724
58 Mattew HM, Salley SO, Peterson WD, et al., Complex coacervate microcapsules for mammalian cell culture and artificial organ development, Biotechnol. Prog. 1993, 9:510-519
59 Douxian S, Yan Z, Anjie D, et al.. Studies on the degradation of chitosan and preparation of alginate-chitosan microcapsules, Polym. Biomater., 1991, 3:295-300
60 马小军 解玉冰, 周丽等，APA生物微胶囊的制备条件与膜强度的关系, 中华器官移植杂志.1995,16(4)：156-157
61 刘群，薛伟明，于炜婷等，海藻酸钠－壳聚糖微胶囊膜强度的研究，高等学校化学学报.2002,23(7)：1417-1420
62 苏晶，海藻酸－壳聚糖海藻酸生物微胶囊制备工艺及其膜释放性能研究，硕士学位论文，天津大学，2000
63 Olav Gaserod, Olav Smidsrod, Gudmund Skjak-Brak., Microcapsule of alginate-chitosan.(1)：A quantitative study of the interaction between alginate and chitosan, Biomaterials.1998, 19:1815-1825
64 Olav Gaserod, Andrea Sannes, Gudmund Skjak-Brak., Microcapsule of alginate-chitosan(2): A study of capsule stability and permeability, Biomaterials. 1999, 20:773-783
65 何洋 谢玉冰，王勇等，APA微胶囊扩散数学模型的改进，高等学校化学学报.2000,21(2)：278-282
66 付颖丽, 雄鹰, 于炜婷等. 海藻酸钠／壳聚糖微胶囊生物相容性的研究, 自然科学进展. 2002, 12(8): 845-847
67 Fundueanu Gheorghe, Nastruzzi Claudio, Carpov Adrian, Desbrieres Jacques, Rinaudo Marguerite. Physico-chemical characterization of Ca-alginate microparticles produced with different methods. Biomaterials, 1999,20(15):1427-1435
68 N Mofidi, M Aghai-Mogadam, M N Sarbolouki. Mass preparation and characterization of alginate microspheres, Process Biochemistry, 2000,35:885-888
69 Morgan George Richard. Formation of monodisperse particles in aerosol for pharmaceutical uses. EP1004349, 2000-5-31
70 Poncelet D., Babak V. G., Neufeld R. J., et al.. Theory of electrostatic dispersion of polymer solutions in the production of microgel beads containing biocatalyst. Advances in Colliod and Interface Science, 1999,79(2-3): 213-228
71 Bugarski B., Li Q.L., Goosen M.F.A., et al.. Electrostatic droplet generator-mechanism of polymer droplet formation. AIChE Journal, 1994,40(6):1026-1031
72 Viktor A. Nedovic, Bojana Obradovic, Ida L. C.. Electrostatic generation of alginate microbeads loaded with brewing yeast, Process Biochemistry,2001, 37: 17-22
73 Douglas B Seifert, Janice A Phillips, Production of small monodispersed alginate beads for cell immbilization, Biotechnol. Prog., 1997,13:562-568
74 Y Senuma, C Lowe, Y Zweifel, J G Hilborn, I Marison, alginate hydrogel microspheres and microcapsules prepared by spinning disk atomization, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000,67:616-622
75 Ulmke H., Wriedt T., Bauckhage K.. Piezoelectric droplet generator for the calibration of particle-sizing instrument. Chem. Eng. Technol., 2001,24(3): 265-268
76 杜修平，壳聚糖的降解与吸附性能研究，硕士学位论文，天津大学，2000
77 朱彦，蝇蛆甲壳素的制备及性能的研究，硕士学位论文，天津大学，1998
78 Figueira M.M., Volesky B., Ciminelli V.S.T., et al.. Biosorption of metals in brown seaweed biomass .Water Research, 2000, 34(1):196-204
79 Yu Q., Kaewsarn P., Ma W., et al.. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by using biosorbents from marine algae-a cost effective new technology.Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2001,9(2):133-136
80 Bassi Raman, Prasher Shiv O., Simpson B.K.. Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solutions using chitosan flakes, Separation Science and Technology, 2000,35(4): 547-560
81 Deans John R., Dixon Brian G.. Uptake of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by novel biopolymers. Water Research, 1992, 26(4): 469-472
82 Williams C.J., Edyvean R.G.J.. Optimization of metal adsorption by seaweeds and seaweed derivatives.Process Safety and Environmental Protection: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B,1997,75(1) IChemE:19-26
83 Aderhold D., Williams C.J., Edyvean R.G.J.. Rmoval of heavy-metal ions by seaweeds and their derivatives. Bioresource Technology, 1996, 58(1): 1-6
84 Y. Jodra, F. Mijangos. Ion exchange selectivities of calcium alginate gels for heavy metals. Water science and technology, 2001,43(2): 237-244
85 朱伯儒, 史作清, 何炳林. 天然高分子吸附剂研究进展, 天然产物研究与开发.1996,8(3): 69-76
86 Sung-Tao Lee, Fwu-Long Mi, Yu-Ju Shen, et al.. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of copper(Ⅱ) ion uptake by chitosan-tripolyphosphate chelating resin, Polymer, 2001, 42: 1879-1892
87 Evans Johanna R., Davids William G., MacRae, Jean D., et al.. Kinetics of cadmium uptake by chitosan-based crab shells, 2002, 36(13): 3219-3226
88 蒋挺大编著，壳聚糖，北京：化学工业出版社，2001，192-197
89 曲荣君, 刘竹青,刘庆俭. 天然高分子吸附剂研究--羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂的合成及吸附特性, 环境科学学报.1997,17(1): 121-125
90 程 发，李厚萍，魏王萍. 交联羧甲基壳聚糖制备及对Cu(Ⅱ)的螯合性能, 天津大学学报：自然科学与工程技术版. 2002,35(3): 362-366
91 朱伯儒, 史作清, 何炳林. 球形纤维素吸附剂的制备和应用研究进展，精细化工.1996,13(3)：42-46
92 杨超雄 吴锦远. 纤维素基磁性聚偕胺肟树脂的研究--CuCl2的吸附行为, 高等学校化学学报.1998,19(3): 419-423
93 Hassan R.M., Ikeda Y., Tomiyasu H.. Alginate polyelectrolyte ionotropic gels， Journal of Materials Science, 1993,28(19): 5143-5147
94 Potter K., McFarland E.W.. Ion transport studies in calcium alginate gels by magnetic resonance microscopy Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance， Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,1996, 6(4):323-331
95 Nestle N., Kimmich R.. Heavy metal uptake of alginate gels studied by NMR microscopy, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1996, 115:141-147
96 甘景镐, 甘纯玑, 胡炳环等. 天然高分子化学, 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1993, 210-215
97 Thu B., bruheim P., Espevik T., et al.. Alginate polycation microcapsules, 1. Interaction between alginate and polycation, Biomaterials, 1996, 17: 1031-1040
98 Maetinsen A., Skjak-Brak G., Smidsrod O.. Alginate as mobilization materials: 1. Correlation between chemical and physical properties of alginate gel beads, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1989,33:79-89
99 Wang Z. Y., Zhang Q. Z., Konno M., et al.. Sol-gel transition of alginate solution by the addition of various divalent cations: 13C-NMR spectroscopic study, Biopolymer, 1993, 33(4):703-711
100 Jo-Shu Chang, Jeng-Charn Huang. Selective Adsorption/Recovery of Pb, Cu, and Cd with Multiple Fixed Beds Containing Immobilized Bacterial Biomass, Biotechnol. Prog. 1998, 14: 735-741
101 Khairou K.S., Al-Gethami W.M., Hassan R.M.. Kinetics and mechanism of sol-gel transformation between sodium alginate polyelectrolyte and some heavy divalent metal ions with formation of capillary structure polymembranes ionotropic gels, Journal of Membrane Science，2002, 209(2): 445-456
102 Zheng Honghe, Zhang Hucheng, Zhang Qingzhi. Salt effects on the cross-linking mechanism of cupric-induced sol-gel transition in alginate solutions, Carbohydrate Polymers, 1998, 35(3-4): 215-221
103 Hassan R.M., Summan A. M., Hassan M. K., et al.. Kinetics and mechanism of sol-gel transformation on polyelectrolytes of some transition metal ions, especially cobalt alginate ionotropic membranes, Eur. Polym. J., 1989,25(12):1209-1212
104 Konishi Y., Asai S., Midoh Y., et al.. Recovery of zinc, cadmium, and lanthanum by biopolymer gel particles of alginic acid , Separation Science and technology,1993,28(9):1691-1702
105 Jang L.K., Geesey G.G., Lopez S.L., et al.. Use of a gel-forming biopolymer directly dispensed into a loop fluidized bed reactor to recover dissolved copper Water Research, 1990, 24(7): 889-897
106 Hideshi Seki, Akira Suzuki. Adsorption of Lead Ions on Composite Biopolymer Adsorbent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1996, 35: 1378-1382
107 J. Paul Chen， Liang Hong, Shunnian Wu, et al.. Elucidation of Interactions between Metal Ions and Ca-Alginate-Based Ion-Exchange Resin by Spectroscopic Analysis and Modeling Simulation, Langmuir, La026060v
108 Jiaping Chen, Fan Ytendeyong, Sotirayiacoumi, Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Copper Ion Uptake by Calcium Alginate, Environ. Sci. Technol.1997, 31:1433-1439
109 Munishwar N. Gupta, Sulakshana Jain, and Ipsita Roy, Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography without Chelating Ligands: Purification of Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor on Zinc Alginate Beads, Biotechnol. Prog., 2002, 18: 78-81
110 Sardar M., Gupta M. N. Alginate as an affinity material for alpha amylases, Bioseparation, 1998, 7: 159-165
111 Roy, I.; Sardar, M., Gupta, M. N. Exploiting unusual affinity of usual polysaccharides for separation of enzymes in fluidized bed mode, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2000, 27, 53-65
112 Kimberlee Potter, Bruce J. Balcom, T. Adrian Carpenter, et al.. The gelation of sodium alginate with calcium ions studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Carbohydrate Research,1994,257:117-126
113 Beathe Thu a, Gudmund Skj~k-Brzeka, Fulvio Micali b, The spatial distributionof calciumin alginate gel beads analysedby synchrotron-radiationinduced X-ray emission(SRIXE), CarbohydrateResearch, 1997, 297: 101-105
114 Gadd G. M. Accumulation of metals by microorganisms and algae. In Biotechnology; Rehm H. J., Reed G., Eds., VCH Publishers: Weinheim, Germany, 1988; Vol. 6b: 401-430
115 Volesky B., Holan Z. R., Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnol. Prog. 1995, 11: 235-250
116 Chang J.S., Hong J. Biosorption of mercury by the inactivated cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU21 (Rip64). Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1994, 44: 999-1006
117 Hu M. Z.C., Norman J. M., Faison B. D., et al.. Biosorption of uranium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU: Characterization and comparison studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1996, 51: 237-247
118 Hu M. Z.C., Reeves M. E. Biosorption of uranium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU immobilized in a novel matrix, Biotechnol. Prog., 1997, 13: 60-70
119 Yuan Yu-Kang. Immobilization of microbial cells and enzymes in calcium alginate-polyethylene glycol polyethylene imide beads and application to wastewater treatment. US patent. US6153416,2000-11-28
120 BABISH JOHN G., Combinations of psyllium and chitosan for synergistic adsorption of triglyceride, US Patent, US2002137729, 2002-09-26
121 MORIGUCHI SOYAO, SUZUKI HIROSHI, WATANABE HIROKO, et al.. Adsorbent composed of porous beads of chitosan and adsorption method using same, US Patent, US4879340, 1989-11-07
122 高景曦, 仇波, 程延祥等. 蜂胶壳聚糖保健药物, 中国专利，CN1342463, 2002-04-03
123 SCOTT C. D., WOODWARD C. A., BYERS C. H., Gel bead composition for metal adsorption, US Patent, US4978647, 1990-12-18
124 SCOTT C. D., WOODWARD C. A., BYERS C. H., Gel bead composition for metal adsorption, US Patent, US4995985, 1991-02-26
125 POHL PETER, Method for production of adsorption material, US Patent, US5648313, 1997-07-15
126 GRASHOFF G. J., TREGUNNO-EASON G. A., PRATT A. S.. Water treatment, European Patent, EP0380228, 1990-08-01
127 Ciardelli F., Tsuchida E., Wohrle D.. 高分子金属络合物(张志奇, 张举贤译), 北京：北京大学出版社, 1999, 1-9; 25-27
128 Abdel-Hadi Afkar K., Hosny Wafaa M., Basta Altaf H. et al.. Metal chelates with some cellulose derivatives. II. Preparation and characterization of Co(II)-CMC complexes, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 1994,33(6): 781-791
129 Hanna A.A., Basta Altaf H., El-Saied Houssni. Thermal properties of cellulose acetate and its complexes with some transition metals, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1999, 63(2): 293-296
130 Kubota Naoji. Permeability properties of chitosan-transition metal complex membranes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1997, 64(4): 819-822
131 Okuyama K., Noguchi K., Kanenari M.. Structural diversity of chitosan and its complexes, Carbohydrate Polymers, 2000, 41(3): 237-248
132 陈新, 李文俊, 钟伟. 壳聚糖-丝心蛋白合金膜中的壳聚糖/铜(Ⅱ)络合物对尿素的吸附性能探索, 中国生物医学工程学报.1997,16(3): 284-288
133 何炳林，赵晓斌，高分子金属络合物配位吸附尿素分子的研究,中国科学，B辑，1993，23(6): 567-574
134 Kwok W. Y., Kiparissides C., Yuet P., et al.. Mathematical modelling of protein diffusion in microcapsules: a comparison with experimental results, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1991, 69: 361-370
135 程贤甦,关怀民,苏英草.海藻酸铜膜表面的配位结构及催化MMA聚合的性能.化学学报,2000,58(4):407-413
136 Cheng Xiansu, Guan Huaimin, Su Yingcao. Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Initiated by a Copper Alginate Coordination Polymer Film/Na2SO3/H2O System, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, 2002, 10(3): 115-126
137 Figueira M. M., Volesky B., Mathieu H. J., Instrumental Analysis Study of Iron Species Biosorption by Sargassum Biomass, Environ. Sci. Technol, 1999, 33:1840-1846
138 Grasdalen H., High-field 1H-NMR spectroscopy of alginate: sequential structure and linkage conformations, Carbohydrate Research, 1983, 118: 255-260
139 Berth Gisela，Methodical aspects of characterization of alginate and pectate by light scattering and viscometry coupled with GPC, Carbohydrate Polymers, 1992, 19(1): 1-9
140 郑洪河, 王键吉, 张虎成等，海藻酸钠溶液溶胶-凝胶相转变过程的光谱学研究, 光谱学与光谱分析.1998,18(5): 547-550
141 左榘，安英丽赵曦光. 动态光散射法研究海藻酸钠凝胶松弛行为，高分子材料科学与工程.1998,14(2)：74-77
142 左榘，安英丽，赵曦光. 动态光散射法研究海藻酸钠凝胶化行为，高分子材料科学与工程.1998,14(1)：71-74
143 中本一雄著，无机合配位化合物的红外和拉曼光谱（黄德如，王仁庆译），北京：化学工业出版社，1991，256-258
144 Deacon G. B., Phillips R.J.. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. Relationships between the Carbon-Oxygen stretching frequencies of carboxylato complexes and the type of carboxylate coordination, 1980,33:227-250
145 Nestle Nikolaus F.E.I.， Kimmich Rainer. NMR imaging of heavy metal absorption in alginate, immobilized cells, and kombu algal biosorbents, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1996, 51(5): 538-543
146 刘世宏，王当憨，潘承璜编著. X-射线光电子能谱北京：科学出版社，1988，1-2；85-88；119-135
147 华中一，罗维昂编著，表面分析，上海：复旦大学出版社，1989，129-130；145-147；159-163
148 D. Briggs, 聚合物表面分析 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和静态次级离子质谱(SSIMS)(曹立礼，邓宗武译)，北京：化学工业出版社, 2001,27-33;51-53
149 Laurent Dambies a, Claude Guimon b, Sotira Yiacoumi c, et al.. Characterization of metal ion interactions with chitosan by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2001，177：203-214
150 G. Beamson, D. Briggs. High resolution XPS of organic polymers, The Scienta ESCA300 Database, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1992, 158-165
151 陆家和，陈长彦等编著，表面分析技术，北京：电子工业出版社，1987， 223-233
152 Feldman L. C., Mayer J. W.. 表面与薄膜分析基础(严燕来，蒋平译)，上海：复旦大学出版社，1989，219-220
153 苏英卓, 关怀民, 程传煊, Cu(Ⅱ)-脱乙酰壳聚糖配位聚合物的配位数. 化学学报, 1999,57(6): 596-602
154 季君晖，Cu2+-壳聚糖螯合物及壳聚糖吸附Cu2+机理的XPS研究，应用化学.2000,17(1)：115-116
155 Dambies Laurent, Vincent Thierry, Guibal Eric. Treatment of arsenic-containing solutions using chitosan derivatives: Uptake mechanism and sorption performances, Water Research, 2002, 36(15): 3699-3710
156 Arof A.K., Morni N.M., Yarm, M.A.. Evidence of lithium-nitrogen interaction in chitosan-based films from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Materials Science & Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, 1998, B55(1-2): 130-133
157 Johansson, Leena-Sisko; Campbell, J.M.; Koljonen, Krista; Stenius, Per. Evaluation of surface lignin on cellulose fibers with XPS, Applied Surface Science, 1999, 144: 92-95
158 Ryu J.H,.Lee H,. Kim Y.J.,et al.. Facilitated olefin transport by reversible olefin coordination to silver ions in a dry cellulose acetate membrane， Chemistry - A European Journal，2001，7(7): 1525-1529
159 姜志新，谌竟清，宋正孝.离子交换分离工程，天津: 天津大学出版社，1992: 102-122; 402-407
160 Stokke Bjorn T., Draget Kurt I., Smidsrod Olav, et al.. Small-angle X-ray scattering and rheological characterization of alginate gels. 1. Ca-alginate gels, Macromolecules, 2000, 33(5): 1853-1863
161 Park Joong Kon, Jin Yong Biao, Chang Ho Nam. Reusable biosorbents in capsules from Zoogloea ramigera cells for cadmium removal, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999, 63(1): 116-121
162 Chang Jo-Shu, Huang Jeng-Charn. Selective adsorption/recovery of Pb, Cu, and Cd with multiple fixed beds containing immobilized bacterial biomass, Biotechnology Progress, 1998, 14(5): 735-741
163 Kawakami Koe, Tsuruda Satoshi, Miyagi Katsuyoshi. Immobilization of microbial cells in a mixed matrix of silicone polymer and calcium alginate gel. Epoxidation of 1-octene by Nocardia corallina B-276 in organic media, Biotechnology Progress, 1990, 6(5): 357-361
164 Kierstan M., Bucke C.. Immobilization of microbial cells, subcellular organelles, and enzymes in calcium alginate gels, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2000, 67(6): 726-736
165 Veglio F., Esposito A., Reverberi A.P.. Copper adsorption on calcium alginate beads: Equilibrium pH-related models, Hydrometallurgy, 2002, 65(1): 43-57
166 Mimura Hitoshi, Saito Mikio, Akiba Kenichi, Selective uptake of cesium by ammonium tungstophosphate (AWP)-calcium alginate composites, Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange，2000，18(5): 1015-1027
167 Mutlu Mehmet, Sag Yesim, Kutsal Tulin. Adsorption of copper(II) by Z. ramigera immobilized on Ca-alginate in packed bed columns: A dynamic approach by stimulus-response technique and evaluation of adsorption data by moment analysis, Chemical Engineering Journal, 1997, 65(1): 81-86
168 Chang J.-Sh., Huang J.-Ch., Chang Ch.-Ch.. et al.. Removal and recovery of lead fixed-bed biosorption with immobilized bacterial biomass, Water Science and Technology, 1998, 38(4-5): 171-178
169 Annadura G., Juang Ruey-Shin, Lee Duu-Jong. Factorial design analysis for adsorption of dye on activated carbon beads incorporated with calcium alginate, Advances in Environmental Research, 2002, 6(2): 191-198
170 Kanekiyo Yasumasa, Inoue Kazuhiko, Ono, Yoshiyuki, Shinkai Seiji. Facile Design of a Metal-imprinted Surface from a Poly(Vinyl Chloride-co-Acrylic Acid)/Poly(Propylene Glycol) Blend, Tetrahedron Letters, 1998, 39(42): 7721-7724
171 汪大翚, 徐新华, 宋爽编, 工业废水中专项污染物处理手册, 北京化学工业出版社, 2000, 54-62
172 钱庭宝编著.离子交换剂应用技术,天津：天津科学技术出版社,1984,406-410
173 王旭东,何锡文,郭洪声,王新省,栗方星,王补森. 球形铜离子模板缩聚物的制备及其选择吸附性能.分析化学,2000,28(7):805-809
174 何炳林,王补森, 李文兰,丁泽仁,郭振良.新型络合吸附剂的研究(Ⅳ)-铜(Ⅱ),镍(Ⅱ)模板高分子多乙烯多胺络合吸附剂的记忆性. 高等学校化学学报,1994,15(1): 132-135
175 黄文强,韩丽君,李晨曦,印寿根,何炳林. 模板交联壳聚糖对Cu2+,Ni2+,Co2+离子的吸附作用研究.离子交换与吸附,1997,14(4): 329-336
176 Vlatakis G., Andersson L.I., Mueller R., Mosbach K.. Drug assay using antibody mimics made by molecular imprinting, Nature, 1993, 361(6413): 645
177 赖家文, 何锡文, 郭洪声等. 分子印迹技术的回顾、现状与展望，分析化学，2001，29(7): 836-844
178 Yin D., Mufson R.A., Wang R., Shi Y.. Fas-mediated cell death promoted by opioids, Nature, 1999, 397(6716): 218
179 Yoshida Masahiro, Hatate Yasuo, Uezu Kazuya. Chiral-recognition polymer prepared by surface molecular imprinting technique, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2000, 169(1): 259-269
180 郭洪声, 何锡文, 景莹等. 4—氨基吡啶分子模板聚合物选择性识别及结合性质的研究. 高等学校化学学报，2001, 22(5): 739-743
181 Masahiro Yoshida, Yasuo Hatate, Kazuya Uezu, Masahiro Goto, Shintaro Furusaki. Metal-imprinted microsphere prepared by surface template polymerization and its application to chromatography. Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2000,38(4): 686-696
182 Mark Charles Burleigh. Molecular imprinting of organofunctionalized sol-gel materials for metal ion separations. PhD dissertation, the University of Tennessee, 2000
183 Sue Y. Bae, Glen L. Southard, George M. Murray. Molecularly imprinted ion exchange resin for purification, preconcentration and determination of UO22+ by spectrophotometry and plasma spectrometry, Analytica Chimica Acta, 1999, 397: 173-181
184 朱曼, 何锡文，王补森等. 选择性分离铜的分子模板聚合法优选条件的研究，分析科学学报. 1998, 14(2): 98-101
185 Yoshida Masahiro, Uezu Kazuya, Goto Masahiro, Furusaki Shintaro. Required properties for functional monomers to produce a metal template effect by a surface molecular imprinting technique, Macromolecules, 1999, 32(4) 1237-1243
186 Stokke Bjorn T., Draget Kurt I., Yuguchi Y. et al.. Small-angle X-ray scattering and reological characterization of alginate gels. Macromolecular Symposia, 1997, 120: 91-101
187 Mooney David J., Shea Lonnie D., Peters Martin C., Liao Elly, Richardson Thomas P.. PCT Int. Appl. WO, 2001035932, 2001-5-25
188 Hunter R. J.. Foundations of Colloid Chemistry, vol.1, Oxford University Press, New York,1989.
189 A. H. 耶菲莫夫著，无机化合物性质手册(高胜利，宋俊峰译). 西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1987.3
190 Yu K. Y.， Tsukagoshi K., Maeda Mi., et al Metal ion-imprinted microspheres prepared by reorganization of the coordinating groups on the surface, Anal. Sci., 1992, 8:701-703
191 John F. Moulder, William F. Stickle, Peter E. Sobol, Kenneth D. Bomben. Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A reference book of standard spectra for identification and interpretation of XPS data, Minnesota: Perkin-Elmer Corporation physical elecctronics division. 1992:Appendix B.